Problem Set -5

Physics of Waves - PH11003 (Autumn 2024-25)

Coupled oscillator and Waves oscillator

September 2, 2024

1. Coupled pendulam
Consider the coupled LC circuits shown in the figure below. The circuits are driven with
a voltage V (t) at one end. Write the equations for currents Ia and Ib . Find the normal
coordinates and normal modes. Explain how the above circuits can act as an electrical low-
pass filter.

2. Wave equation
Consider the wave equation given below;

@2 @2 1 @2
16 + 9 (~r, t) = 0
@x2 @y 2 c2s @t2

(a) What is the speed of a travelling wave solution propagating along the x-axis?
(b) What is the speed of a travelling wave solution propagating along the y-axis?
(c) For what value of a is the travelling wave given below a solution of the given wave
equation?
i[ax+y 5cs t]
(~r, t) = e

(d) What is the speed of the travelling wave given above?

3. Phase velocity
A wave with ! = 10s 1
and ~k = (7î + 6ĵ 3k̂)m 1
has a phase = ⇡/3 at the point (0, 0, 0)
at t = 0. At what time will this phase reach the point (1, 1, 1)m? What is the phase at the
point (1, 0, 0) at t = 1s? What is the phase velocity of the wave?

Page 1
4. Group velocity
The phase velocity vp in deep water is given as
r
g
vp =
2⇡

where g is acceleration due to gravity and is the wavelength.

(a) Write down the relation between ! and k.
(b) Find the group velocity.
(c) Find the relation between the group and phase velocity.

5. Dispersion relation
For a diatomic linear lattice with two atoms of masses m and M , the dispersion relation
per acoustic branch is given by,

✓ ◆ s✓ ◆2
2 1 1 1 1 4 sin2 (ka)
! = + +
m M m M mM

Here, k is the wavenumber, ! is the oscillation frequency of the lattice plane in the crystal,
a is the inter-molecular distance, and is the spring constant that couples two adjacent
lattice planes.
(a) Find the group and phase velocity for a larger wavelength limit.
(b) Find the relation between these two velocities.

Page 2
 Pendulam in Le circuits
coupled
.

I
L
L
4)k P
Jak Da Da Ob Ob Ib
-

I -minim ine
Co & ·
Input
⑨ C ② out

I ⑪
rule Circuit 1
Voltage
in
.

-i
& +M
(Mutualtan
↑
(self Inducting
Circuit 2

Similarly for
.

91 + 92 =
LedI2 Md -
T at
-

⑪
Now equation I and

+w
 & W =

A
w =
Now ; up =
the, C

treal
normal mode ;
To find
an An eivt,
Solution =

in t
&2 As E

tw wp)An + -

Az
M -A
-
( wi WS) +
-
+
= 0

their
are
identical ,

Circuits
Now ,
are equal
.

(Wp =Ws)
Natural frequencies
zwo
solution of Wa -

-Ill I

where
u Ll2
 less then 1.
when w
is
very as
wo The circuit behave
Wi- We =
.

·
independent
essentially
z wave equation :

-
is not wave equation
equation
i) The
given make
it a wave equation
To
in (X , y) .

variable change
(x y)
,
>
-
(x y)
,
=

( ,)
which gives

-
L

&
 solution
along
axis
Consider travelling
wave
a)
·

↑ (x , y +),
=
f(ky =

wt)
wave equation ;
substituting in

=
0
-
=
K

In X Coordinate .

V =
=
direction ;
b) Similarly along of
Bes
Vy
=
es
v = ,

e) P(x y 4) , ,
=
exp[-i(ax +
y
-

Set)]
in ( ,
)
exp[-i(pay sest))
+ 3y
-

↑ (T y z)
=
, ,

Now substitute in wave equation ;

-
16a2 -9 + 25 = 0

· a = II
 1) P(x y t)
exp(-i(gax 3 Set)
]
,
= + -

·
phase velocity
=

:
= Es

③ phase %
= -we +
&
0 90 11
0) and t=o =
=

10 ,
at 0
,
,

T T wt = H3
&
-

.
=

N ; =
(7 +6 -

3) -
10t +
[ ] ,

= I see

phase at + = 1s
; @ = = 10x1)
- + 11 =
I - 3

-
phase velocity = = w
④ phase velocity

Up
⑨ up =
E ·

= &

... W =
G

③ vg =

W
② up
== 2

Tutup
⑤
=
w
B(n + ) - Pin +
Limit;
wavelength
⑨ For a
larger
small .

Large , k
-
x

we =
B(t + ) B( + -

)
m
=
(n + - P( + 2
(M m)
+

=
P( + ) -

B(n +
i))l-
we mis
=

B( + ) (M + m)
2

· we
a
w
velocity Up =*
⑨ phase ,

=
a
Group Velocity
,

vg =
dam
③ /vp vg
=