Iraq Strategic Booklet

This is the Ninth Edition of our Report on Iraq’s oil
and gas industry. This report contains 833 pages and

includes data on 105 fields
Iraq
Oil and Gas Industry
Strategic Report
By
Introduction, Field Assessment Samples,
Contents, List of Figures and Index Only
Ninth Edition
August 2015
Our Product Clients
For a full list of clients see: http://www.bayphase.com/clients.php

Introduction.
Our Iraq Oil and Gas Industry Strategic Report, Eighth Edition strategic report provides a
comprehensive analysis of the entirety of Iraq’s Oil and Gas Industry - its upstream, midstream,
downstream and infrastructure elements.
The primary focus of the report is Iraq’s upstream sector. This sector is analysed on a basin by
basin basis, providing basin and overall resource inventories, data sets for oil and gas fields (both
developed and undeveloped) and an assessment of exploration potential.
Iraq is regarded as the most prospective oil and gas acreage available in the world today, with the
status of its Oil and Gas licensing continually evolving and developing through more bidding
rounds.
Highlights of the 9th Edition.
The Ninth edition of the report contains a comprehensive update of all existing content,
particularly in the Upstream, Downstream and Infrastructure sections.
In addition to revising and updating all existing content, an additional 9 new discoveries have
been documented in the Northern Folded Zone. These are as follows:
 Atrush
 Barda Rash
 Benenan
 Bijeel
 Kurdamir
 Sarqala
 Simrit
 Shakal
 Swara Tika
All of the new Fields we have documented are part of Iraq’s Kurdistan region, an area which has
seen much exploration and development in recent times. For each of the fields we have given a
detailed analysis of all reported developments, such as the companies involved in the field’s
development, as well as available reserves figures.
The section on Iraq’s Petroleum Geology has been extensively revised to provide a
comprehensive treatment of the subject.
In addition to this major update, the costs for all fields within the report have been reassessed and
updated to reflect price changes within the Iraq Oil and Gas Industry. The economic
consequences of these changes are further analysed in our Iraq Fields Financial Report.
Report Structure.
Our report and map products offer our clients an accessible way to track these developments and
provide comprehensive information on Iraq’s licensing and Oil and Gas infrastructure.
The Ninth Edition of Bayphase's Iraq Oil and Gas Industry Strategic Report provides a
comprehensive review of Iraq’s Oil and Gas Industry, which encompasses the following
elements:
- Upstream: Oil and Non-associated Gas Fields and Production Facilities
- Midstream: Pipelines, Terminals
- Downstream: Refineries, Petrochemical Plants, Gas Processing Plants
- Infrastructure: Power Generation, Transportation
Our Iraq Strategic Report takes a basinal view of Iraq, and categorises the report into the
following three main sedimentary basins:
- Northern Folded Zone

- Mesopotamian Basin
- Western and Southwestern Deserts
Overall the report presents an industry wide assessment of oil and gas reserves within Iraq, with
its main focus on Iraq's upstream oil and non-associated gas fields and their production facilities.
Analysis and detailed data sets for a total of 105 oil and non-associated gas fields is provided,
including those fields which are currently in production and others which are undeveloped and
awaiting investment.
Report History
- 9th Edition January 2015 – 833 pages

- 8th Edition December 2013 – 792 pages
- 7th Edition November 2012 - 786 pages
- 6th Edition November 2011 - 786 pages
- 5th Edition July 2010 - 733 pages
- 4th Edition February 2009 - 632 pages
- 3rd Edition July 2007 - 484 pages
- 2nd Edition October 2005 - 290 pages
- 1st Edition March 2003 - 250 pages
What Do You Get
- Paper Version of our current Iraq Oil and Gas Industry Strategic Report
- Free Searchable CD-ROM of our current Iraq Oil and Gas Industry Strategic
Report
- Two Map Set including: Paper Versions (Folded) of our current Iraq Exploration
and Production maps
- Paper Version of our current Iraq Fields Database
- Excel Data Base of our current Iraq Fields Database
Our report is supplied in both electronic and paper formats. The electronic version is provided as
a PDF document on a CD-ROM, and the paper copy is supplied as a sure-bound document. Both
copies of the report will be dispatched by FEDEX delivery.
Field Analysis Samples
The analysis carried on the 105 fields is indicated by the field sample Tawke provided on the next
pages:
1.1.1.1.1.1. Tawke
The Tawke oilfield is located in the Kurdistan region of Northern Iraq. It covers an area of
approximately 25 kilometres by 3 kilometres as defined by 3D seismic and the 25 wells drilled to
date. The field is currently operated by DNO, producing about 120,021 barrels of oil per day.
This production is split between local sales (60%) and export via the main Kirkuk-Ceyhan
pipeline (40%).
In October 2013 DNO announced that it had initiated sales from it’s second horizontal well in the
Tawke field, following testing at a record rate of 32,500 barrels of oil per day (bopd). There are
currently four horizontal wells on production, with two drilling and at least three more planned
for spudding during the second half of 2014, bringing the total number of horizontal wells to nine
by 2015.
In May 2014 DNO announced that production from the Tawke field had reached 120,021 bopd,
the first time average monthly production has exceeded 100,000 bopd. DNO plans to increase
delieverability to 200,000 bopd by the end of 2014 and remains on schedule to achieve this.
A report prepared by independent oil and gas consultants DeGoyler and MacNaughton in March
2012 estimated proved plus probable reserves (2P) of 771 million barrels of oil, although
subsequent data suggest that this value should have been closer to 777 million barrels. In May
2014 DNO announced that the cumulative produce from Tawke had exceded 75 million barrels of
oil, and our view is that remaining reserves are around 702 million barrels of oil.
Key Field Data

Norwegian explorer DNO was the first western company to drill for oil in post war Iraq, under a
2004 deal with the Kurdistan Regional Authorities. Three oil bearing reservoir horizons have
been encountered; an upper reservoir horizon of Tertiary age, a middle reservoir horizon of
Cretaceous age, and a lower reservoir horizon of Jurassic age (Sargelu Fm.). The oil column is
presently interpreted to be approximately 180 metres thick in the Tertiary reservoir and 900
metres thick in the Cretaceous reservoir.
Tawke-1 and 1A tested 5,000 bopd and Tawke-2 tested 3,840 bopd. These results were used as
the basis for an early production plan, which was approved by the Kurdistan Regional
Government (KRG). The Tawke-2 appraisal well confirmed the western extension of the Tawke
structure which is indicated below.
Vertical wells Tawke-1 through to Tawke-19 mainly targeted the Tertiary and Cretaceous
reservoirs. Production rates tend to vary between 4,000-10,000 barrels of oil per day from
successful wells, with some such as Tawke-8 flowing as much as 17,000 bopd from four
combined tests. Tertiary and Cretaceous reservoirs flow 24 – 27° API oil with very low gas
content.
Deep well Tawke-17 was completed in early 2013 and discovered a reservoir in the Sargelu
Formation of the Upper Jurassic, more than 200m below the base of the main Cretaceous
reservoir. Testing of Tawke-17 produced approximately 1,500 barrels per day of 26-28 ºAPI oil.
Further deep appraisal wells (Tawke-29) are currently planned to assess the extent of the Jurassic
reservoir.
Between June and October 2013 the first two horizontal wells Tawke-20 and Tawke-23 were
brought onstream at an average rate 25,000 bopd and 32,500 bopd respectively. Subsequently
more horizontal wells were planned and spudded; Tawke-21, Tawke-22 and Tawke-24 are
horizontal wells, which target the main Cretaceous reservoir and produce consistently at flow
rates of around 9,000 bopd. The length of the horizontal sections in these wells ranges from 800-
980 metres, and each cuts through 7-10 fracture corridors. By the end of 2014 it is expected that
the total number of horizontal wells will be 9.
In October 2014 DNO indicated that it was logging the 834 metre horizontal section of the
recently drilled Tawke-28 well, with plans to place the well on production by early November.
Tawke-27 will spud shortly after.
The reserve figures cover a number of categories;
Table 3.69: Tawke Field Data

Parameter Value
Discovery Date 2004
On-stream Date July 2007
Oil (Million Barrels) 777
Original
Recoverable Gas (Billion Cubic Feet) 35
Reserves Oil (Million Barrels) 716
Remaining
Gas (Billion Cubic Feet) 1 34
Contingent Resources Oil (Million Barrels) 250
(Enhanced Recovery
Gas (Billion Cubic Feet) 38
Potential)
Prospective Resources Oil (Million Barrels) 51
1
This is for all gas thought to be present and is based on statements reported to have been made by DNO.
Table 3.69: Tawke Field Data
Parameter Value
(Upside Exploration
Gas (Billion Cubic Feet) 10
Potential)
Oil (Barrels per day) 50,000
Current Gas (Million Standard Cubic Feet per
7.5 (estimate)
day)
Production
Oil (Barrels per day) 2 200,000
Potential Gas (Million Standard Cubic Feet per
30 (estimate)
day)
Shiranish (Cretaceous)
Kometan (Lower
Producing Horizon(s) Cretaceous)
Quamchuga
(Lower Cretaceous)
Rock Type(s) Carbonates.
Upper Reservoir 1
Geology Reservoir Depth (Metres) (Shiranish) - 380
Lower Reservoir 2 ( )
Shiranish – 16
Porosity (%) Kometan - 15
Quamchuga - 14
Shiranish - 400
Permeability (mD) Kometan - 70
Quamchuga - 40
Shiranish - 30
Gravity (º API) Kometan, Quamchuga -
Oil
35
Sulphur Content (wt %) 2.6 - 3.0
Fluid
Gas-Oil Ratio (standard cubic feet/ 150
Properties
barrel)
Gas Hydrogen Sulphide Content (mol %)
Carbon Dioxide Content (mol %)
Molecular Weight
Total now Total in
future
Number of Producers 14 24
Subsurface
Number of Gas Injectors - 1
Existing Number of Water Injectors - 10
Facilities Total Number of Wells 14 35
Separation Capacity (bpd) 50,000
Compression Capacity (MMscfd)
Surface
Acid Gas Treatment Capacity -
(MMscfd)
2
This is based on statements reported to have been made by DNO and represents their view of production potential.
A further piece of key data we have been able to establish based on in country research and
production data gathered from a number of sources is the field’s production history. This is
presented in the table below on an average daily production basis; the table has been established
on yearly reports by DNO.
Table 3.70: Tawke’s Average Daily Oil Production History

Average Daily Oil Average Daily Oil
Year Production Year Production
(Barrels per day) (Barrels per day)
2007 7,012 2011 (est) 16,000
2008 7,224 2012 (est) 16,000
2009 14,540 2013 (est) 50,000
2010 (est) 16,000 2014 (est) 50,000
Commercial Data
DNO has a 55% participating interest while the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) holds
20% as a government interest and the remaining 25% has been assigned to Genel Energy by the
KRG as a 3rd party interest. The right to appoint a third party interest to the PSC is included in
most of the KRG contracts. The assignment was effective from 1st January 2009. Field
development is currently 70% financed by DNO, instead of the original 100%.
The original production sharing agreement was agreed between DNO and the Kurdistan Regional
Government (KRG) in June 2004. This agreement was amended to a ‘Revised Production
Sharing Agreement’ (RPSA) in March 2008.
Table 3.71: Tawke Key Commercial Data

Parameter Value
Contact Type Revised Production Sharing
Agreement
Contract Effective Date March 2008
Operator DNO
DNO 55
Genel Energy 25
Equity (%)
Kurdistan Regional Government 20
Total 100
DNO’s pipe export operations from Tawke started in June 2009 but were interrupted due to non-
payment for oil exported from the field. Production from 2009-2013 was frequently lower than
capacity due to issues with exportation licenses, costing operator DNO millions of dollars in lost
potential export revenue. Currently the field output is transported along a 24” pipeline from
Tawke’s main processing facility to Faysh Khabur. This line was completed in early 2014
alongside an existing 12” line, and runs at a capacity of approximately 300,000 bopd. Eventual
export capacity along this line is expected to reach 1 million bopd by 2015 subsequent to the
installation of a pumping station at Khurmala.
In September 2014 Genel announced that operations in the KRI region remained safe and secure
and production at the Tawke field had risen to record levels alongside its Taq Taq field with a
combined production of 234,000 barrels of oil per day.
In October 2014 DNO took steps to mitigate delays to its 200,000 Barrel per day deliverability
target resulting from the withdrawal of third party contractors within the Kurdistan region. There
was an installation of a new 24 inch pipeline connecting the Tawke field to Faysh Khabur and
was slated to be finished by the end of 2014. The new pipeline will increase export capacity,
whilst other upgrades to infrastructure and facilities were progressing as normal in the Tawke
field.
Meanwhile current exports of Tawke oil to Turkey by the Kurdistan Regional Government
(KRG) account to 90,000 bpd and local sales decreased to 29,960 bpd during the third quarter of
2014.
In December 2014 DNO confirmed payment of 30 million USD from the Kurdistan Regional
Government for Tawke oil exports. The payment will be shared by DNO (20.625 Million USD)
and Genel (9.375 Million USD).
Investment Opportunity
DNO’s field development plan effectively targets the shallow lying oil containing reservoirs
whilst also investigating the deeper targets, and develops the field through a series of steps:
 Drilling of further production wells to target the shallow reservoir.

 Drilling of further deep appraisal wells to evaluate the Jurassic discovery of 2013.
 Installation of a first phase separation and storage system of 30,000 barrels per day
capacity.
 Addition of a second phase of separation and storage to take total system capacity to
50,000 barrels per day. We would expect this to be complete by the end of 2009.
 Flaring of associated gas.
To fully exploit the Tawke field we would expect a number of other steps to be executed:
 Implementation of a 3D seismic survey of the field targeting the shallow and deeper
reservoirs. Interpretation would be conducted using the survey plus the log data from the
wells drilled by DNO.
 Drilling of around 19 wells to further target the shallow lying reservoir and the deep
reservoir. This would include producers, water injectors and gas injectors.
 Implementation of a gas disposal scheme that recovers associated gas; compresses it and
reinjects it back into the Tawke reservoir.
DNO’s field development plan is diagrammatically represented in Figure 3.15below, while the
work scope we’d expect to be implemented to fully exploit the field along with associated costs is
detailed further in the tables below.
Figure 3.15: Tawke Project Development Plan
Table 3.72: Tawke Development Costs Summary

Time Cost Estimate
Project Rationale Frame (MillionUSD)4
(Years)3 Low How
Subsurface
Acquire 3D Acquisition may be warranted for the
seismic data effective reservoir and production
management of the shallow and deep lying 31.8 53.1
1–2
reservoirs. Acquisition and Processing
services will be needed, plus computing
hardware and software plus interpretation.
DNO’s early 16 development wells targeting the shallow
production lying reservoir.
drilling. (Already 1–2 - -
executed by
DNO-Genel)
Drill new 19 new development wells including
development production, water injection and gas
wells reinjection; mixture of vertical and 2–3 143.3 217.5
horizontal wells assumed completed by end
of 2017.
Rounded Subtotal 175.1 270.6
3
Time frame is our expectation of the time that will be required from making a decision to implement the full work
scope through to completion. Fundamentally we have assumed that this follows a normal construction path without
consideration of constraints - political, economic or other - that may act to restrain the schedule.
4
The cost ranges reflect the uncertainty associated with the actual work scope that will have to be implemented. At
this stage, not enough is known about the facilities to fully define the costs.
Table 3.72: Tawke Development Costs Summary
Time Cost Estimate
Project Rationale Frame (MillionUSD)4
(Years)3 Low How
Surface
DNO’s early Implement separation and storage system in
surface two stages: 1st stage - 30,000 barrel per day,
production 2nd stage – 20,000 barrel per day giving a
facilities total production of 50,000 barrels per day. 1–2 - -
(Already
executed by
DNO-Genel)
Field Expansion 3rd Stage - Expand surface facilities to
200,000 bdp to include gathering, water 413.9 679.2
2–3
injection, and gas reinjection to be completed
by the end of 2017.
Rounded Subtotal 413.9 679.2
Rounded Total 589.0 949.8
The minimum cost presented in the table above is based on the absolute minimum cost for
developing this field. We have also used our cost estimating software - NetCo$ter to evaluate the
work scope we believe will be required to achieve the production plateau targets associated with
the service contract; our figures are presented as the maximum cost.
In addition to development cost the consortium will spend a very significant amount on operating
costs. We have used our cost estimating software - NetCo$ter to estimate what these will be and
these estimates are provided below.
Table 3.73: Tawke Operating Cost Summary

Start Cost Estimate
Project Rationale Date (MillionUSD/year)5
(Year) Low High
Subsurface:
work over existing Plan and implement key well work 1.6 3.2
2015
wells over (16 wells).
work over new Stage 3 – 19 Wells by end 2017
development 2015 1.6 3.2
wells
Rounded Subtotal at Peak Production Year 3.2 6.4
Surface:
Stages 1 and 2 - Take over and run
operations associated existing
Operation of facilities of 50,000 barrels per day 42.4 84.9
2015
Existing Facilities
capacity to current international
standards.
5
The cost ranges reflect the uncertainty associated with the actual work scope that will have to be implemented. At
this stage, not enough is known about the existing facilities to fully define the costs. Each element of operating cost
is additive, so as units are brought into production their operating cost is added to the existing base.
Stage 3 – Operation of surface
gathering, water injection, and gas
Operation of reinjection facilities to a total 26.5 37.1
2015
Facilities
capacity of 200,000 bpd to be
completed end of 2017.
Rounded Subtotal at Peak Production Year 68.9 122
General and Administration:
Stage 3 – Operation of surface
gathering, water injection, and gas
General and reinjection facilities to a total 8.0 11.1
2015
Administration
capacity of 200,000 bpd to be
completed end of 2017.
Rounded Subtotal at Peak Production Year 8.0 11.1
Rounded Total at Peak Production Year 80.1 139.5
This then is the technical basis for installing production facilities at this field. We have also
conducted a full economic assessment of this plan that can be found in our Iraq Fields Financial
Report. This is the sister publication to this report and it uses these costs as the basis for its
analysis.
Table of Contents1
1. Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................... 13
1.1. Oil and Gas Inventory ............................................................................................................ 13
1.2. Oil and Gas Industry .............................................................................................................. 15
1.2.1. Overall Status .................................................................................................................. 15
1.2.1.1. Opportunity .............................................................................................................. 15
1.2.2. Upstream ......................................................................................................................... 16
1.2.2.1. Oil............................................................................................................................. 16
1.2.2.1.1. Overall Status .................................................................................................... 16
1.2.2.1.1.1. Opportunity ................................................................................................ 17
1.2.2.1.2. Northern Folded Zone ....................................................................................... 19
1.2.2.1.2.1. Producing Oil Fields .................................................................................. 19
1.2.2.1.2.1.1 Status .................................................................................................... 19
1.2.2.1.2.1.2 Opportunity .......................................................................................... 19
1.2.2.1.2.2. Non-producing Oil Fields .......................................................................... 22
1.2.2.1.2.2.1 Status .................................................................................................... 22
1.2.2.1.2.2.2 Opportunity .......................................................................................... 23
1.2.2.1.3. Mesopotamian Basin ......................................................................................... 29
1.2.2.1.3.1.1 Status .................................................................................................... 29
1.2.2.1.3.1.2 Opportunity .......................................................................................... 30
1.2.2.1.3.2. Non-Producing Oil Fields .......................................................................... 33
1.2.2.1.3.2.1 Status .................................................................................................... 33
1.2.2.1.3.2.2 Opportunity .......................................................................................... 34
1.2.2.1.4. Western and Southwestern Desert .................................................................... 39
1.2.2.1.4.1.1 Status .................................................................................................... 39
1.2.2.1.4.2. Non-Producing Oil Fields .......................................................................... 39
1.2.2.1.4.2.1 Status .................................................................................................... 39
1.2.2.1.4.2.2 Opportunity .......................................................................................... 40
1
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1.2.2.1.5. Iraq’s Enhanced Recovery and Exploration Potential ...................................... 41
1.2.2.1.5.1. Status .......................................................................................................... 41
1.2.2.1.5.2. Opportunity ................................................................................................ 42
1.2.2.2. Non-associated Gas .................................................................................................. 43
1.2.2.2.1. Overall ............................................................................................................... 43
1.2.2.2.1.1. Status .......................................................................................................... 43
1.2.2.2.1.2. Opportunity ................................................................................................ 44
1.2.2.2.2. Northern Folded Zone ....................................................................................... 45
1.2.2.2.2.1. Producing Non-associated Gas Fields ........................................................ 45
1.2.2.2.2.1.1 Status .................................................................................................... 45
1.2.2.2.2.1.2 Opportunity .......................................................................................... 45
1.2.2.2.2.2. Non-producing Non-associated Gas Fields ................................................ 46
1.2.2.2.2.2.1 Status .................................................................................................... 46
1.2.2.2.2.2.2 Opportunity .......................................................................................... 47
1.2.2.2.3. Mesopotamian Basin ......................................................................................... 48
1.2.2.2.3.1.1 Status .................................................................................................... 48
1.2.2.2.3.2. Non-Producing Non-associated Gas Fields ............................................... 48
1.2.2.2.3.2.1 Status .................................................................................................... 48
1.2.2.2.3.2.2 Opportunity .......................................................................................... 48
1.2.2.2.4. Western and Southwestern Desert .................................................................... 49
1.2.2.2.4.1.1 Status .................................................................................................... 49
1.2.2.2.4.2. Non-producing Non-associated Gas Fields ................................................ 49
1.2.2.2.4.2.1 Status .................................................................................................... 49
1.2.2.2.4.2.2 Opportunity .......................................................................................... 50
1.2.3. Midstream ....................................................................................................................... 51
1.2.3.1. Pipe Lines ................................................................................................................. 51
1.2.3.1.1. Status ................................................................................................................. 51
1.2.3.1.2. Opportunity ....................................................................................................... 51
1.2.3.2. Terminals.................................................................................................................. 52
1.2.3.2.1. Status ................................................................................................................. 52
1.2.3.2.2. Opportunity ....................................................................................................... 53
1.2.4. Downstream .................................................................................................................... 53
1.2.4.1. Oil Refineries ........................................................................................................... 53
1.2.4.2. Petrochemicals ......................................................................................................... 55

1.2.4.2.1. Status ................................................................................................................. 55
1.2.4.2.2. Opportunity ....................................................................................................... 56
1.2.4.3. Gas Processing ......................................................................................................... 57
1.2.4.3.1. Status ................................................................................................................. 57
1.2.4.3.2. Opportunity ....................................................................................................... 57
1.2.5. Infrastructure ................................................................................................................... 58
1.2.5.1. Transportation .......................................................................................................... 58
1.2.5.1.1. Status ................................................................................................................. 58
1.2.5.1.2. Opportunity ....................................................................................................... 58
1.2.5.2. Power........................................................................................................................ 59
1.2.5.2.1. Status ................................................................................................................. 59
1.2.5.2.2. Opportunity ....................................................................................................... 59
1.2.6. Local Contractor Capability ............................................................................................ 60
2. Oil and Gas Inventory ................................................................................................................... 61
2.1. Overall .................................................................................................................................... 61
2.2. Petroleum Geology................................................................................................................. 63
2.2.1. Geological History of Iraq .............................................................................................. 63
2.2.2. Precambrian..................................................................................................................... 64
2.2.3. Paleozoic ......................................................................................................................... 64
2.2.4. Triassic to Jurassic .......................................................................................................... 67
2.2.5. Cretaceous ....................................................................................................................... 75
2.2.6. Tertiary ............................................................................................................................ 80
2.2.7. Petroleum Systems of Iraq .............................................................................................. 86
2.2.8. Paleozoic Petroleum System ........................................................................................... 88
2.2.8.1. Overview .................................................................................................................. 88
2.2.8.2. Paleozoic Source Rocks ........................................................................................... 93
2.2.8.2.1. Akkas "Hot" Shale (Silurian) ............................................................................ 93
2.2.8.2.2. Khabour Shales (Ordovician) ............................................................................ 96
2.2.8.2.3. Ora Shales (Lower Carboniferous) ................................................................... 97
2.2.8.2.4. Ga'ara and Nijili (Upper Carboniferous - Lower Permian)............................... 97
2.2.8.2.5. Chia Zairi (Permian) ......................................................................................... 97
2.2.8.3. Paleozoic Reservoir Rocks ....................................................................................... 97
2.2.8.3.1. Upper Khabour Formation (Upper Ordovician) ............................................... 98
2.2.8.3.2. Khleisia Formation (Late Ordovician - Early Silurian) .................................... 98
2.2.8.3.3. Akkas Formation (Silurian)............................................................................... 98
2.2.8.3.4. Jauf (Lower Devonian) ..................................................................................... 99

2.2.8.3.5. Kaista/Pirisipki (Upper Devonian to Lower Carboniferous) ............................ 99
2.2.8.3.6. Harur Limestones (Lower Carboniferous) ........................................................ 99
2.2.8.3.7. Raha Formation (Lower Carboniferous) ........................................................... 99
2.2.8.3.8. Ga’ara Sandstones (Early Permian) .................................................................. 99
2.2.8.3.9. Chia Zairi Carbonates (Upper Permian) ........................................................... 99
2.2.8.4. Paleozoic Seal Rocks ............................................................................................. 100
2.2.8.5. Migration Pathway and Timing: ............................................................................ 100
2.2.8.6. Paleozoic Trapping Styles ...................................................................................... 100
2.2.8.7. Other Paleozoic Potential ....................................................................................... 101
2.2.8.8. Conclusions ............................................................................................................ 101
2.2.9. Triassic Petroleum Systems .......................................................................................... 102
2.2.9.1. Overview ................................................................................................................ 102
2.2.9.2. Triassic Source Rocks ............................................................................................ 104
2.2.9.3. Triassic Reservoir Rocks........................................................................................ 106
2.2.9.3.1. Kurra Chine Formation (Triassic) ................................................................... 106
2.2.9.3.2. Triassic Subordinate Reservoirs ...................................................................... 106
2.2.9.4. Triassic Seal Rocks ................................................................................................ 106
2.2.9.5. Migration Pathway and Timing ............................................................................. 106
2.2.10. Jurassic Petroleum System .......................................................................................... 107
2.2.10.1. Overview .............................................................................................................. 107
2.2.10.2. Jurassic Source Rocks .......................................................................................... 110
2.2.10.2.1. Sargelu and Naokelekan Formations (Middle Jurassic).................................. 110
2.2.10.2.2. Other Potential Jurassic Source Rocks ............................................................ 111
2.2.10.3. Jurassic Reservoir Rocks...................................................................................... 112
2.2.10.3.1. Najmah Formation (Upper Jurassic) ............................................................... 112
2.2.10.3.2. Subordinate Reservoirs ................................................................................... 113
2.2.10.4. Jurassic Seal Rocks .............................................................................................. 113
2.2.10.5. Jurassic Trapping Styles ....................................................................................... 114
2.2.10.6. Migration Pathway and Timing ........................................................................... 114
2.2.10.7. Conclusions .......................................................................................................... 114
2.2.11. Cretaceous Petroleum System ..................................................................................... 115
2.2.11.1. Overview .............................................................................................................. 115
2.2.11.2. Cretaceous Source Rocks ..................................................................................... 123
2.2.11.2.1. Sulaiy/Chia Gara (Lower Cretaceous) ............................................................ 123
2.2.11.2.2. Nahr Umr (Khazhdumi) Shale (Albian) .......................................................... 124
2.2.11.2.3. Subordinate Cretaceous Source Rocks............................................................ 125

2.2.11.3. Cretaceous Reservoirs .......................................................................................... 125
2.2.11.3.1. Yamama (Neocomian) .................................................................................... 126
2.2.11.3.2. Zubair (Aptian)................................................................................................ 126
2.2.11.3.3. Nahr Umr (Albian) .......................................................................................... 127
2.2.11.3.4. Mauddud (Upper Aptian - Lower Albian) ...................................................... 128
2.2.11.3.5. Mishrif (Albian - Turonian) ............................................................................ 129
2.2.11.3.6. Khasib, Tanuma and Sa'di (Upper Turonian to Lower Campanian)............... 130
2.2.11.3.7. Subordinate Cretaceous Reservoirs................................................................. 131
2.2.11.4. Cretaceous Seals................................................................................................... 131
2.2.11.4.1. Yamama Formation Seals ............................................................................... 132
2.2.11.4.2. Zubair Formation Seals ................................................................................... 132
2.2.11.4.3. Nahr Umr Formation Seals ............................................................................. 133
2.2.11.4.4. Mauddud Formation Seals .............................................................................. 134
2.2.11.4.5. Mishrif Formation Seals.................................................................................. 134
2.2.11.4.6. Khasib Formation Seals .................................................................................. 135
2.2.12. Tertiary Petroleum Systems ........................................................................................ 137
2.2.12.1. Overview .............................................................................................................. 137
2.2.12.2. Tertiary Source Rocks .......................................................................................... 140
2.2.12.3. Tertiary Reservoir Rocks ..................................................................................... 140
2.2.12.3.1. Jeribe/Euphrates (Miocene) ............................................................................ 140
2.2.12.3.2. Lower Fars Transition Beds ............................................................................ 141
2.2.12.4. Tertiary Seals ....................................................................................................... 141
2.2.12.6. Conclusions .......................................................................................................... 142
2.3. Oil......................................................................................................................................... 142
2.3.1. Northern Folded Zone ................................................................................................... 142
2.3.2. Mesopotamian Basin ..................................................................................................... 145
2.3.3. Western and Southwestern Desert ................................................................................ 147
2.4. Non-associated Gas .............................................................................................................. 149
2.4.1. Northern Folded Zone ................................................................................................... 149
2.4.2. Mesopotamian Basin ..................................................................................................... 150
2.4.3. Western and Southwestern Desert ................................................................................ 150
2.5. Licensing and Exploration ................................................................................................... 151
2.5.1. Licensing ....................................................................................................................... 151
2.5.1.1. Technical Service Contract Details ........................................................................ 154

2.5.2. Exploration .................................................................................................................... 155
2.5.3. Iraq Central Authority Licenses .................................................................................... 156
2.5.3.1. Pre-First and First Licensing Round Awards ......................................................... 156
2.5.3.2. Second Licensing Round........................................................................................ 158
2.5.3.3. Third Licensing Round .......................................................................................... 160
2.5.3.4. Fourth Licensing Round......................................................................................... 161
2.5.3.5. Fifth Licensing Round............................................................................................ 163
2.5.4. Kurdistan Licensing ...................................................................................................... 164
2.5.4.1. Exploration Activities in Kurdistan ....................................................................... 169
2.5.5. Past Licensing ............................................................................................................... 185
2.5.5.1. Western and SouthWestern Desert Licensing ........................................................ 185
2.5.5.1.1. Exploration Activities ..................................................................................... 186
2.5.5.1.2. Other Involvement .......................................................................................... 188
2.5.6. Associated Gas .............................................................................................................. 189
2.5.6.1. South Gas Utilisation (SGU) Project ..................................................................... 189
2.5.6.1.1. SGU Contract Details ...................................................................................... 189
3. Oil and Gas Industry ................................................................................................................... 190
3.1. Upstream .............................................................................................................................. 190
3.1.1. Oil.................................................................................................................................. 190
3.1.1.1. Production History ................................................................................................. 190
3.1.1.2. Production Forecast (2015 – 2020) ........................................................................ 192
3.1.1.3. Field Definitions..................................................................................................... 196
3.1.1.4. Northern Folded Zone ............................................................................................ 196
3.1.1.4.1. Producing Oil Fields ....................................................................................... 196
3.1.1.4.1.1. Abu Ghirab ............................................................................................... 201
3.1.1.4.1.2. Ain Zalah .................................................................................................. 206
3.1.1.4.1.3. Bai Hassan ................................................................................................ 213
3.1.1.4.1.4. Butmah ..................................................................................................... 218
3.1.1.4.1.5. Demir Dagh .............................................................................................. 222
3.1.1.4.1.6. Jambur ...................................................................................................... 227
3.1.1.4.1.7. Khabbaz.................................................................................................... 233
3.1.1.4.1.8. Kirkuk ...................................................................................................... 238
3.1.1.4.1.9. Mushorah.................................................................................................. 246
3.1.1.4.1.10. Safaya ....................................................................................................... 250
3.1.1.4.1.11. Sasan ........................................................................................................ 254
3.1.1.6.1.1. Shaikan ..................................................................................................... 258

3.1.1.6.1.2. Swara Tika ............................................................................................... 268
3.1.1.6.1.3. Taq Taq .................................................................................................... 272
3.1.1.6.1.4. Tawke ....................................................................................................... 279
3.1.1.6.2. Non-producing Oil Fields ............................................................................... 286
3.1.1.6.2.1. Adaiyah .................................................................................................... 292
3.2.1.1.1.1. Alan .......................................................................................................... 296
3.2.1.1.1.2. Atrush ....................................................................................................... 299
3.2.1.1.1.3. Atshan ...................................................................................................... 305
3.2.1.1.1.4. Bakrman ................................................................................................... 308
3.2.1.1.1.5. Barda Rash ............................................................................................... 311
3.2.1.1.1.6. Benenan .................................................................................................... 315
3.2.1.1.1.7. Bijeel ........................................................................................................ 318
3.2.1.1.1.8. Chia Surkh................................................................................................ 321
3.2.1.1.1.9. Galabat ..................................................................................................... 326
3.2.1.1.1.10. Gusair ....................................................................................................... 330
3.2.1.1.1.11. Hamrin...................................................................................................... 333
3.2.1.1.1.12. Ibrahim ..................................................................................................... 337
3.2.1.1.1.13. Injana ........................................................................................................ 340
3.2.1.1.1.14. Ismail ........................................................................................................ 344
3.2.1.1.1.15. Jawan ........................................................................................................ 347
3.2.1.1.1.16. Judaida...................................................................................................... 351
3.2.1.1.1.17. Khanuqah ................................................................................................. 354
3.2.1.1.1.18. Kurdamir .................................................................................................. 357
3.2.1.1.1.19. Makhul ..................................................................................................... 362
3.2.1.1.1.20. Naft Khaneh ............................................................................................. 366
3.2.1.1.1.21. Najmah ..................................................................................................... 371
3.2.1.1.1.22. Nau Doman .............................................................................................. 374
3.2.1.1.1.23. Pulkhana ................................................................................................... 378
3.2.1.1.1.24. Qaiyarah ................................................................................................... 381
3.2.1.1.1.25. Qalian ....................................................................................................... 385
3.2.1.1.1.26. Qamar ....................................................................................................... 388
3.2.1.1.1.27. Qara Chauq............................................................................................... 392
3.2.1.1.1.28. Qasab ........................................................................................................ 395
3.2.1.1.1.29. Quwair ...................................................................................................... 398
3.2.1.1.1.30. Sarqala ...................................................................................................... 402
3.2.1.1.1.31. Shakal ....................................................................................................... 405

3.2.1.1.1.32. Simrit ........................................................................................................ 408
3.2.1.1.1.33. Taza .......................................................................................................... 411
3.2.1.2. Mesopotamian Basin .............................................................................................. 414
3.2.1.2.1.1. Ahdab ....................................................................................................... 419
3.2.1.2.1.2. Ajeel (Saddam)......................................................................................... 422
3.2.1.2.1.3. Buzurgan .................................................................................................. 427
3.2.1.2.1.4. Halfaya ..................................................................................................... 433
3.2.1.2.1.5. Jabal Fauqui ............................................................................................. 439
3.2.1.2.1.6. Luhais ....................................................................................................... 444
3.2.1.2.1.7. Majnoon ................................................................................................... 451
3.2.1.2.1.8. Nahr bin Umar.......................................................................................... 456
3.2.1.2.1.9. Rumaila .................................................................................................... 461
3.2.1.2.1.10. West Qurna............................................................................................... 469
3.2.1.2.1.11. Zubair ....................................................................................................... 481
3.2.1.2.2.1. Amara ....................................................................................................... 493
3.2.1.2.2.2. Badra ........................................................................................................ 497
3.2.1.2.2.3. Balad ........................................................................................................ 501
3.2.1.2.2.4. Boliyah ..................................................................................................... 505
3.2.1.2.2.5. Dhafriyah.................................................................................................. 508
3.2.1.2.2.6. Dujaila ...................................................................................................... 512
3.2.1.2.2.7. East Baghdad ............................................................................................ 515
3.2.1.2.2.8. Gharraf ..................................................................................................... 520
3.2.1.2.2.9. Huwaiza.................................................................................................... 525
3.2.1.2.2.10. Jerishan ..................................................................................................... 529
3.2.1.2.2.11. Khidr al Maa ............................................................................................ 533
3.2.1.2.2.12. Kifl ........................................................................................................... 536
3.2.1.2.2.13. Kumait ...................................................................................................... 540
3.2.1.2.2.14. Merjan ...................................................................................................... 543
3.2.1.2.2.15. Muhaniya.................................................................................................. 548
3.2.1.2.2.16. Nahrawan ................................................................................................. 551
3.2.1.2.2.17. Nasiriyah .................................................................................................. 554
3.2.1.2.2.18. Noor.......................................................................................................... 559
3.2.1.2.2.19. Rachi ........................................................................................................ 563
3.2.1.2.2.20. Rafidain .................................................................................................... 567

3.2.1.2.2.21. Ratawi ...................................................................................................... 572
3.2.1.2.2.22. Rifal .......................................................................................................... 577
3.2.1.2.2.23. Sadid......................................................................................................... 580
3.2.1.2.2.24. Safwan ...................................................................................................... 583
3.2.1.2.2.25. Sinbad....................................................................................................... 587
3.2.1.2.2.26. Subba ........................................................................................................ 591
3.2.1.2.2.27. Tuba.......................................................................................................... 597
3.2.1.2.2.28. Umm Qasr ................................................................................................ 602
3.2.1.2.2.29. West Baghdad (Fallujah).......................................................................... 606
3.2.1.2.2.30. West Kifl .................................................................................................. 610
3.2.1.2.2.31. West Luhais .............................................................................................. 613
3.2.1.2.2.32. West Tikrit ............................................................................................... 616
3.2.1.3. Western and Southwestern Desert ......................................................................... 620
3.2.1.3.2.1. Abu Khaimah ........................................................................................... 623
3.2.1.3.2.2. Ekhaider ................................................................................................... 626
3.2.1.3.2.3. Khleisia .................................................................................................... 630
3.2.1.3.2.4. Salman ...................................................................................................... 633
3.2.1.3.2.5. Samawa .................................................................................................... 636
3.2.1.4. Iraq’s Production Potential ..................................................................................... 639
3.2.1.4.1. Northern Folded Zone ..................................................................................... 640
3.2.1.4.2. Mesopotamian Basin ....................................................................................... 642
3.2.1.4.3. Western and Southwestern Desert .................................................................. 644
3.2.1.5. Iraq’s Exploration Potential ................................................................................... 645
3.2.1.5.1. Status ............................................................................................................... 645
3.2.1.5.2. Oppurtunity ..................................................................................................... 645
3.2.2. Gas................................................................................................................................. 648
3.2.2.1. Status ...................................................................................................................... 648
3.2.2.2. Non-associated Gas ................................................................................................ 652
3.2.2.2.1. Northern Folded Zone ..................................................................................... 652
3.2.2.2.1.1. Producing Non-associated Gas Fields ...................................................... 652
3.2.2.2.1.1.1 Khor Mor ............................................................................................ 655
3.2.2.2.1.2. Non-producing Non-associated Gas Fields .............................................. 658
3.2.2.2.1.2.1 Bina Bawi ........................................................................................... 662
3.2.2.2.1.2.2 Chemchemal....................................................................................... 666

3.2.2.2.1.2.3 Jeria Pika ............................................................................................ 670
3.2.2.2.1.2.4 Khashem Al-Ahmar ........................................................................... 674
3.2.2.2.1.2.5 Mansuriyah ......................................................................................... 678
3.2.2.2.1.2.6 Miran .................................................................................................. 682
3.2.2.2.1.2.7 Tel Ghazal .......................................................................................... 687
3.2.2.2.2. Mesopotamian Basin ....................................................................................... 690
3.2.2.2.2.2. Non-producing Non-associated Gas Fields .............................................. 690
3.2.2.2.2.2.1 Siba..................................................................................................... 693
3.2.2.2.3. Western and Southwestern Desert .................................................................. 698
3.2.2.2.3.2. Non-producing, Non-associated Gas Fields ............................................. 698
3.2.2.2.3.2.1 Akkas.................................................................................................. 700
3.2.2.2.3.2.2 Diwan ................................................................................................. 705
3.2.2.3. Future Gas Production Potential ............................................................................ 708
3.2.2.4. International Operator Involvement ....................................................................... 708
3.3. Mid-Stream .......................................................................................................................... 708
3.3.1. Pipe Lines ...................................................................................................................... 709
3.3.1.1. Existing Pipe Lines ................................................................................................ 711
3.3.1.1.1. Iraq - Turkey Twin Pipe Line System ............................................................. 711
3.3.1.1.2. Strategic Pipeline ............................................................................................ 712
3.3.1.1.3. Kurdistan-Turkey Pipe Line System ............................................................... 712
3.3.1.1.4. Iraq - Saudi Arabia Twin Pipe Line System ................................................... 712
3.3.1.1.5. Iraq – Syria Pipe Line ..................................................................................... 713
3.3.1.1.6. Domestic Pipe Line ......................................................................................... 714
3.3.1.2. Proposed Pipe Lines ............................................................................................... 714
3.3.1.2.1. New Iraq – Syria Pipe Line ............................................................................. 714
3.3.1.2.2. Iraq – Jordan Pipe Line ................................................................................... 715
3.3.1.2.3. New Iraq – Turkey Pipe Line .......................................................................... 716
3.3.1.2.4. Islamic Gas Pipeline ........................................................................................ 716
3.3.1.2.5. Erbil-Dohuk gas pipeline ................................................................................ 716
3.3.2. Terminal Facilities ........................................................................................................ 717
3.3.2.1. Existing Terminals ................................................................................................. 719
3.3.2.1.1. Mina al Bakr (Basra Oil Terminal, ABOT) .................................................... 719
3.3.2.1.2. Khor al Amaya (KAAOT) .............................................................................. 721
3.3.2.1.3. Umm al Qasr ................................................................................................... 722

3.3.2.1.4. Ceyhan (Turkey) ............................................................................................. 723
3.3.2.1.5. Banias (Syria) .................................................................................................. 723
3.3.2.1.6. Mu’jiz (Saudi Arabia) ..................................................................................... 724
3.3.2.1.7. Iraq Gulf Terminal .......................................................................................... 725
3.3.2.2. Proposed Terminals ................................................................................................ 725
3.3.2.2.1. Banias (Syria) New Terminal.......................................................................... 725
3.4. Downstream ......................................................................................................................... 725
3.4.1. Oil Refineries ................................................................................................................ 726
3.4.1.1. Major Oil Refineries .............................................................................................. 729
3.4.1.1.1. Basra (Ash Shaabiya)Oil Refinery .................................................................. 729
3.4.1.1.2. Baeiji (Baiji) - North and Salaheddin.............................................................. 732
3.4.1.1.3. Daura ............................................................................................................... 737
3.4.1.1.4. Erbil (Kalak/Khabat) ....................................................................................... 740
3.4.1.1.5. Kirkuk ............................................................................................................. 741
3.4.1.1.6. Proposed Dohuk .............................................................................................. 743
3.4.1.1.7. Proposed Nasiriyah ......................................................................................... 745
3.4.1.1.8. Proposed Karbala ............................................................................................ 748
3.4.1.1.9. Proposed Basra ................................................................................................ 750
3.4.1.1.10. Proposed Mosul ............................................................................................... 753
3.4.1.2. Minor Oil Refineries .............................................................................................. 753
3.4.2. Petrochemical Facilities ................................................................................................ 754
3.4.2.1. Existing Plants ........................................................................................................ 756
3.4.2.1.1. Basra ................................................................................................................ 756
3.4.3. Gas Processing Plants ................................................................................................... 759
3.4.3.1. Existing Plants ........................................................................................................ 761
3.4.3.1.1. North Gas ........................................................................................................ 761
3.4.3.1.2. South Gas ........................................................................................................ 764
3.4.3.1.3. Basra ................................................................................................................ 766
3.4.3.1.4. Khor Al Zubair ................................................................................................ 768
3.4.3.2. Proposed Plants ...................................................................................................... 771
3.4.3.2.1. Baeiji ............................................................................................................... 771
3.4.4. Flaring ........................................................................................................................... 773
3.5. Infrastructure ........................................................................................................................ 773
3.5.1. Transportation ............................................................................................................... 773
3.5.1.1. Roads ...................................................................................................................... 773
3.5.1.2. Rail ......................................................................................................................... 774

3.5.1.3. Air .......................................................................................................................... 775
3.5.1.4. Waterways .............................................................................................................. 776
3.5.1.5. Ports........................................................................................................................ 777
3.5.2. Power............................................................................................................................. 778
3.5.2.1. Generation .............................................................................................................. 779
3.5.2.2. Transmission .......................................................................................................... 783
3.6. Local Contractor Capability ................................................................................................. 784
List of Figures .................................................................................................................................... 788
4. List of Tables............................................................................................................................... 792
5. Index............................................................................................................................................ 808
6. Iraq Fields Database .................................................................................................................... 816

List of Figures
Figure 2.1 Main structural elements in Iraq ................................................................................... 64
Figure 2.2 Late Permian Paleofacies in Iraq .................................................................................. 67
Figure 2.3 Early Triassic Paleofacies in Iraq ................................................................................. 68
Figure 2.4 Middle Triassic Paleofacies in Iraq .............................................................................. 69
Figure 2.5 Late Triassic Paleofacies in Iraq ................................................................................... 70
Figure 2.6 End Triassic to Early Jurassic Paleofacies in Iraq ........................................................ 71
Figure 2.7 Early Jurassic Paleofacies in Iraq ................................................................................. 72
Figure 2.8 Middle Jurassic Paleofacies in Iraq .............................................................................. 73
Figure 2.9 Late Middle Jurassic Paleofacies in Iraq ...................................................................... 74
Figure 2.10 Late Jurassic Paleofacies in Iraq ................................................................................. 75
Figure 2.11 Earliest Cretaceous Paleofacies in Iraq....................................................................... 76
Figure 2.12 Early Cretaceous Paleofacies in Iraq .......................................................................... 77
Figure 2.13 Late Early Cretaceous Paleofacies in Iraq .................................................................. 78
Figure 2.14 Early Late Cretaceous Paleofacies of Iraq .................................................................. 79
Figure 2.15 Late Cretaceous to Early Paleocene Paleofacies in Iraq ............................................. 80
Figure 2.16 Late Paleocene to Early Eocene Paleofacies in Iraq ................................................... 81
Figure 2.17 Middle to Late Eocene Paleofacies in Iraq ................................................................. 82
Figure 2.18 Oligocene Paleofacies in Iraq ..................................................................................... 83
Figure 2.19 Miocene Paleofacies of Iraq ....................................................................................... 84
Figure 2.20 Pliocene to Quaternary Paleofacies of Iraq ................................................................ 85
Figure 2.21 Petroleum Systems in Iraq .......................................................................................... 87
Figure 2.22 Depositional environments and extent of the Gotnia & Hith Fms. ............................ 88
Figure 2.23: Paleozoic Petroleum System Overview ..................................................................... 90
Figure 2.24: Paleozoic Petroleum System in Iraq: Ordovician-Silurian-Devonian ....................... 91
Figure 2.25: Paleozoic Petroleum System in Iraq: Carboniferous-Permian .................................. 92
Figure 2.26: Paleozoic Petroleum System in Iraq: Carboniferous-Permian .................................. 93
Figure 2.27 Different Silurian Presence Maps ............................................................................... 95
Figure 2.28 Calculated source rock thermal maturity, Akkas Fm. (Silurian) ................................ 96
Figure 2.29 Paleozoic Potential in the Salman Zone ................................................................... 101
Figure 2.30 Triassic Petroleum Systems Overview ..................................................................... 103
Figure 2.31 Triassic Source Maturity (Oil) CRS Map ................................................................. 105
Figure 2.32 Triassic Source Maturity (Gas) CRS Map ................................................................ 105
Figure 2.33 Jurassic Petroleum Systems Overview ..................................................................... 108
Figure 2.34 Jurassic Combined CRS Map ................................................................................... 109
Figure 2.35 Jurassic Source Presence CRS Map ......................................................................... 110
Figure 2.36 Jurassic Source Maturity CRS Map - Oil ................................................................. 111

Figure 2.37 Jurassic Source Maturity CRS Map - Gas ................................................................ 111
Figure 2.38 Najmah Reservoir Presence CRS Map ..................................................................... 112
Figure 2.39 Gotnia Seal Presence CRS Map ............................................................................... 113
Figure 2.40 Cretaceous Petroleum Systems Overview ................................................................ 116
Figure 2.41 Sulaiy/Chia Gara - Yamama - Ratawi PS Composite CRS Map.............................. 117
Figure 2.42 Sulaiy/Chia Gara - Zubair PS Composite CRS Map ................................................ 118
Figure 2.43 Khazhdumi - Nahr Umr PS Composite CRS Map ................................................... 119
Figure 2.44 Khazhdumi - Mauddud - Ahmadi/Rumaila PS Composite CRS Map ..................... 120
Figure 2.45 Khazhdumi - Mishrif - Khasib PS Composite CRS Map ......................................... 121
Figure 2.46 Sargelu/Khazhdumi - Khasib - Tanuma PS Composite CRS Map .......................... 122
Figure 2.47 Sulaiy/Chia Gara Source Rock Presence CRS Map ................................................. 124
Figure 2.48 Sulaiy/Chia Gara and Nahr Umr Shale Source Rock Maturity CRS Map ............... 124
Figure 2.49 Nahr Umr Shale (Khazhdumi) Source Rock Presence CRS Map ............................ 125
Figure 2.50 Yamama Reservoir Rock Presence CRS Map .......................................................... 126
Figure 2.51 Zubair Reservoir Rock Presence CRS Map.............................................................. 127
Figure 2.52 Nahr Umr Reservoir Rock Presence CRS Map ........................................................ 128
Figure 2.53 Mauddud Reservoir Rock Presence CRS Map ......................................................... 129
Figure 2.54 Mishrif Reservoir Rock Presence CRS Map ............................................................ 130
Figure 2.55 Khasib Reservoir Rock Presence CRS Map ............................................................. 131
Figure 2.56 Ratawi Seal Presence CRS Map ............................................................................... 132
Figure 2.57 Top Zubair Shale Seal Presence CRS Map .............................................................. 133
Figure 2.58 Top Nahr Umr Shale Seal Presence CRS Map ......................................................... 134
Figure 2.59 Khasib Seal Presence CRS Map ............................................................................... 135
Figure 2.60 Tanuma Shale Seal Presence CRS Map ................................................................... 136
Figure 2.61 Tertiary Petroleum Systems Overview ..................................................................... 138
Figure 2.62 Tertiary Jeribe - Lower Fars PS Composite CRS Map............................................. 139
Figure 2.63 Jeribe Reservoir Rock Presence CRS Map ............................................................... 140
Figure 2.64 Lower Fars Reservoir Rock Presence CRS Map ...................................................... 141
Figure 2.65: Main Prospective Structures – Northern Folded Zone ............................................ 144
Figure 2.66: Main Prospective Structures – Mesopotamian Basin .............................................. 147
Figure 2.67: Main Prospective Structures – Western and Southwestern Desert.......................... 149
Figure 2.68: Iraq Fourth Licensing Round Exploration Blocks ................................................... 163
Figure 2.69: Kurdistan License Blocks ........................................................................................ 169
Figure 2.70: Location of the Akri Bijeel Block ........................................................................... 174
Figure 3.1: Iraq’s Average Daily Oil Production History ............................................................ 194
Figure 3.2: Iraq’s Average Daily Oil Production Forecast. ......................................................... 195
Figure 3.3: Location Map showing Northern Folded Zone Producing Fields ............................. 198

Figure 3.4 Structural Cross Section - Ain Zalah Field ................................................................. 207
Figure 3.5 Structural Depth Maps, Ain Zalah Field: A) Top Shiranish Formation, B) Top
Mushorahh Formation, C) Top Quamchuga Formation ...................................................... 208
Figure 3.6: Cross-Section of the Bai Hassan structure ................................................................ 213
Figure 3.7: Structural Depth Map of Top Jeribe Formation, Jambur Field ................................. 228
Figure 3.8: Cross-Section of the Kirkuk structure ....................................................................... 239
Figure 3.9: Hydrocarbon-bearing formations and reservoirs encountered in the Shaikan-1B well
.............................................................................................................................................. 259
Figure 3.10: Structure map of top Sarmord formation – Shaikan field ....................................... 260
Figure 3.11: Structure map of top Upper Kurra Chine B-member formation - Shaikan field. .... 261
Figure 3.12: North-South cross-section of Shaikan structure ...................................................... 263
Figure 3.13: East-West cross-section of Shaikan structure287...................................................... 263
Figure 3.14: Structural depth map of the Taq Taq oilfield showing the exploration and
appraisal/development wells. ............................................................................................... 274
Figure 3.15: Tawke Project Development Plan ........................................................................... 284
Figure 3.16: Location Map showing Northern Folded Zone Discovered, Non-producing Oil
Fields .................................................................................................................................... 287
Figure 17 : Atrush Field Appraisal and Well Plan ....................................................................... 300
Figure 18 : Structural Cross-Section of the Atrush Field............................................................. 301
Figure 19: Atrush Field Structural Map ....................................................................................... 301
Figure 3.20: A schematic cross-section of the Kurdamir structure .............................................. 359
Figure 3.21: Structure cross-section of the Naft Khaneh oilfield ................................................ 366
Figure 3.22: Location Map showing Mesopotamian Basin Producing Fields ............................. 418
Figure 3.23: A structural depth map of the top Zubair formation in the Buzurgan field. ............ 428
Figure 3.24: Structural Depth Map of the Top of the Zubair Formation – Halfaya Field ........... 434
Figure 3.25 Luhais Field Facilities Layout .................................................................................. 448
Figure 3.26: Development Schematic for Current Development of the Luhais Field ................. 448
Figure 3.27: Structural depth map of the top Zubair formation in (a) North Rumaila and (b) South
Rumaila. ............................................................................................................................... 463
Figure 3.28: Structural Depth Map of the Top of the Zubair Formation – West Qurna and North
Rumaila Fields ..................................................................................................................... 472
Figure 3.29: Structural Depth Map of the Top of the Zubair Formation – Zubair Field ............. 482
Figure 3.30: Location Map showing Mesopotamian Basin Discovered, Non-producing Oil Fields
.............................................................................................................................................. 489
Figure 3.31: Structural Depth Map of the Top of the Zubair Formation – Dujaila Field ............ 512
Figure 3.32: Structural Depth Map of the Top of the Zubair Formation – Gharraf Field ........... 521
Figure 3.33: Structural Depth Map of the Top of the Zubair Formation – Jerishan Field ........... 530
Figure 3.34: Structural Depth Map of the Top of the Zubair Formation – Kumait Field ............ 540
Figure 3.35: Graphical representation of the Merjan Field reservoir........................................... 544
Figure 3.36: Structural Depth Map of the Top of the Zubair Formation – Nasiriyah Field ........ 554

Figure 3.37: Structural Depth Map of the Top of the Zubair Formation – Noor Field ................ 560
Figure 3.38: Structural Depth Map of the Top of the Zubair Formation – Rachi Field............... 564
Figure 3.39: Structural Depth Map of the Top of the Zubair Formation – Rafidain Field .......... 568
Figure 3.40: Structural Depth Map of the Top of the Zubair Formation – Ratawi Field............. 573
Figure 3.41: Structural Depth Map of the Top of the Zubair Formation – Safwan and Umm Qasr
Fields .................................................................................................................................... 584
Figure 3.42: Structural Depth Map of the Top of the Zubair Formation – Subba Field .............. 591
Figure 3.43: Development Schematic for Current Development of the Subba Field .................. 594
Figure 3.44: Structural Depth Map of the Top of the Zubair Formation – Tuba Field ................ 598
Figure 3.45: Structural Depth Map of the Top of the Zubair Formation – Safwan and Umm Qasr
Fields .................................................................................................................................... 603
Figure 3.46: Location Map showing Western and Southwestern desert area Discovered, Non-
producing Fields. .................................................................................................................. 621
Figure 3.47: Regional Structural Map with Western and Southwestern Desert Blocks .............. 647
Figure 3.48: Map of current North Area Gas Project Fields. ....................................................... 649
Figure 3.49: Map of current South Area Gas Project Fields ........................................................ 650
Figure 3.50: Location Map showing Northern Folded Zone Producing Gas Field. .................... 654
Figure 3.51: Location Map showing Northern Folded Zone Non-Producing Gas Fields............ 660
Figure 3.52: Location Map showing Mesopotamian Basin Non-producing Non-associated Gas
Field...................................................................................................................................... 692
Figure 3.53: Location Map of Western and Southwestern Desert Non-producing Non-associated
Gas Fields. ............................................................................................................................ 699
Figure 3.54: Structural Depth Map of the Top of the Khabour Formation – Akkas Field .......... 701
Figure 3.55: Iraq's Main Oil Pipe Lines ....................................................................................... 710
Figure 3.56: Location of Iraq’s In-country Crude Oil Terminals and Ports ................................ 717
Figure 3.57: Locations of Iraq’s Oil Refineries ........................................................................... 728
Figure 3.58: Locations of Iraq’s Petrochemical Facilities ........................................................... 755
Figure 3.59: Locations of Iraq’s Gas Processing Plants .............................................................. 760
Figure 3.60: Iraq’s Power Generation Plants and Transmission Lines ........................................ 782

Index
All entries for the fields discussed along with companies active are listed in the index below.
Basin Oil, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 30, 33, 39,
42, 43, 44, 51, 52, 53, 54, 61, 62, 142,
Mesopotamian Basin, 18, 41, 42, 43, 145,
143, 145, 148, 150, 170, 186, 187, 188,
150, 155, 642, 646, 647
190, 194, 195, 197, 210, 215, 220, 247,
Northern Folded Zone, 18, 22, 41, 42, 46, 251, 256, 286, 323, 328, 368, 375, 390,
143, 149, 155, 286, 646, 647 413, 415, 420, 476, 487, 517, 538, 545,
Western and Southwestern Desert, 14, 18, 611, 620, 640, 642, 645, 646, 708, 709,
42, 43, 61, 62, 147, 148, 149, 150, 155, 710, 711, 715, 717, 719, 721, 723, 724,
170, 186, 188, 645, 646, 647, 648 725, 726, 728, 729, 730, 731, 732, 733,
735, 736, 737, 738, 739, 740, 744, 746,
Commodity 749, 751, 753, 761, 785, 786, 787
Ammonia, 56, 754, 757, 758 Polyethylene, 56, 754, 756, 758
Butadiene, 56, 754, 756 Polypropylene, 758
Chloralkali, 758 Propylene Glycol, 758
Ethylene, 56, 754, 756, 758 Propylene Oxide, 758
Ethylene Glycol, 758 Urea, 56, 754, 757, 758
Fuel Oil, 730, 733, 737, 742, 744, 746, Gas Processing
749, 751
Baeiji, 57, 652, 759, 760, 761, 771, 772,
Gas, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 22, 30, 33, 39, 773
42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49, 57, 61, 62, 142,
143, 145, 148, 149, 150, 170, 190, 197, Basra, 57, 761, 766, 767, 768
211, 217, 221, 231, 232, 236, 238, 244, Khor al Zubair, 57, 722, 759, 761, 767,
246, 248, 253, 254, 257, 286, 321, 415, 768, 769, 770
461, 487, 620, 640, 642, 645, 646, 648,
North Gas, 57, 759, 761, 762, 763, 764
649, 650, 651, 652, 653, 657, 659, 668,
671, 676, 680, 691, 698, 708, 725, 731, North Rumaila, 57, 759
759, 760, 761, 762, 763, 764, 765, 766, South Gas, 57, 759, 761, 764, 765, 766,
767, 768, 769, 770, 771, 772, 773 767, 769
Gas Oil, 730, 733, 737, 742, 744, 746,
Government Body
749, 751
Iraq Central Authority, 469, 624
Gasoline, 52, 650, 717, 722, 730, 733,
737, 742, 744, 746, 749, 751, 762, 763, Kurdistan Regional Government, 176,
765, 767, 769, 770, 772 180, 184, 240, 269, 276, 280, 282, 299,
302, 309, 312, 319, 360, 379, 403, 653,
Jet Fuel, 730, 733, 737, 742, 744, 746, 656, 667, 712, 727, 743, 745
749, 751
Hess, 184
Kerosene, 730, 733, 737, 742, 744, 746,
749, 751 Infrastructure
LPG, 730, 733, 738, 742, 744, 747, 749, Air, 58, 775
751 Ports, 58
Lube Oils, 730, 734, 738, 742, 744, 747, Basra, 718, 776, 777, 778
749, 752
Khor al Zubair, 59, 776, 777, 778
Naphtha, 730, 733, 738, 742, 744, 746,
749, 751 Umm Qasr, 777
Power Generation

Baeiji, 782 International Oil Company
Rail, 58, 774 Addax Petroleum, 272, 276, 277
Roads, 58, 773 Afren, 181, 312
Waterways, 58, 776 Anadarko, 156, 446, 593
International Contractor Anglo Persian Oil, 238
Avrasya, 188, 242 Arab International Oil Company, 186
Brown and Root, 713, 720 Arab International Petroleum Company,
334
Chiyoda, 733
Aran, 186
Compagnia Tecnica Industrie Petroli, 715,
758 Atlantis Dogmoch, 787
Dynamic Processing Solutions, 188, 242 Bashneft, 161, 186
ECL, 242 Basra Petroleum Company, 444, 461, 481,
512, 563, 597
Foster Wheeler, 556, 729
Basrah Gas Company, 773
GAMA, 733
BG Group, 156, 188
GE Energy, 59, 778
BHP Billiton, 156, 187
Mitsubishi, 730
BP, 466
MW Kellogg, 758
BP, 156, 188, 238, 242, 465
Norinco, 420, 570
Branch Energy, 522
Petrofac, 715
Bula, 187
Scientific Design, 758
Bulgargeomin, 787
Shafari Group, 715
Candian Natural Resources Limited, 187
Siemens, 60, 778
CanOxy, 574
SNC-Lavalin Group, 715
CEPSA, 187
STC Heavy Industries, 758
Cesky Strojexport, 187
Stone & Webster, 729
Chauvco, 187
Technimont, 758
Chevron, 153, 156, 188
Technip, 729, 733
CNOOC Ltd., 203, 312, 406, 409, 430,
Techno Export, 733
441
Tekfen, 657, 672, 680, 711
CNPC, 156, 420, 436
TerraSeis International Inc., 277
CNPC, 474
International Energy Company
Compagnie Francaise des Petroles, 238
Dana Gas, 60, 653, 655, 656, 664, 667,
ConocoPhillips, 156
778
Crescent, 187, 574, 653, 655, 656, 664,
Edison, 156, 188, 703
667
Forbes and Manhattan Inc., 323
Cresent, 657
Gaz de France, 657, 672, 675, 680
Dana Gas, 657
Gazprom, 156, 657, 672, 680
DNO, 182, 188, 280, 282
Dome Oil, 593

Dove, 188 Kuwait Energy, 679
DPAD, 188 LUKoil, 156, 161, 465, 470, 474, 475,
476
Dragon Oil, 161
Lundin, 187, 446, 593
Dynamic Global Advisors, 177, 178
Machinoimport, 446, 466, 475, 593
ENI, 156, 484, 485, 556, 657, 672, 675,
680 Maersk, 156, 269
Escondido, 187, 574 Make Oil, 743
Evicon, 188 Marathon Oil, 156, 176, 181, 269, 303
ExxonMobil, 153, 156, 184, 188, 238, Mitsubishi, 157, 188, 757, 773
266, 470, 474 MOL, 172, 266, 309, 319
Gazprom, 498 Mosul Petroleum Company, 246, 296
Genel Energy, 180, 272, 276, 323, 324, Nafta Gebly, 188
684, 685, 712
Near East Development Corporation, 238
General Exploration Partners (GEP), 176,
299, 302 Nexen, 156
Gulf Keystone Petroleum, 172, 177, 178 Nippon Oil Corporation, 156, 556
Gulfsands Petroleum, 695 Occidental, 156, 484, 485
Heritage Energy Middle East, 682 OMV, 517
Heritage Oil Corporation, 682, 683, 685 Pakistan Petroleum, 161
Hess, 156, 183 Participations and Investments Limited,
238
Hillwood Energy, 269
Pertamina, 156
HKN Energy, 269
Petoil Petroleum, 323
Hunt Oil, 181
Petrel Resources, 187, 334, 446, 545, 592,
Idemitsu, 188 593, 657
Indian Oil Corporation, 715 Petrobras, 188
Inpex, 156, 161 Petrocal, 187
IOEC, 186 Petroceltic International PLC, 183, 184
IPC, 187, 238
Petromex, 188
Iraq Petroleum Company, 238, 240, 713,
Petronas, 436, 437, 453, 498, 499, 522
753
Petronas Carigali, 156
Ironhorse, 334
Petronor, 556
ITOCHU, 509, 545
Polemex, 188
Ivanhoe Energy, 334, 383, 593
Premier, 161, 187
JAPEX, 156, 517, 522, 523, 600
Reliance Industries, 466, 600
KazMunaiGaz, 694
Repsol, 156, 187, 556
Kogas, 156, 484, 485, 498, 499, 679, 694,
703 Rosneft, 458
Komet, 312 Setcar, 188
Kriti, 523 Shamaran Petroleum, 183

Shell, 156, 238, 242, 453, 474, 574, 679, Chemchemal, 46, 47, 149, 642, 652, 657,
694, 695, 702, 703, 766, 773 661, 666, 668, 669, 671, 674, 676, 680
Sinochem, 156, 570 Bina Bawi, 662
Sinopec, 156 Diwan, 700, 705, 707
Slavneft, 446, 593 Jeria Pika, 46, 47, 150, 642, 652, 657,
661, 668, 670, 671, 672, 674, 676, 680,
Sonangol, 371, 372, 381, 382, 383
772
Sonoran Energy, 188
Kashim al Ahmar, 48, 150, 642, 661, 674,
Statoil, 470, 475 678
StatoilHydro, 156 Khashem Al-Ahmar, 677
Stroyexport, 334 Khashem Al-Ahmar, 46
Stroytransgaz, 187, 715 Khashem Al-Ahmar, 674, 677
Sumitomo, 188 Khor Mor, 45, 46, 149, 642, 650, 651,
Surgutneftegaz, 189 652, 653, 655, 657, 668, 671, 674, 676,
680
Talisman Energy, 517
Mansuriyah, 46
Tancur, 210
Mansuriyah, 48, 150, 642, 652, 657, 661,
TAQA, 302, 783 668, 671, 674, 676, 678, 679, 680, 681,
Tatneft, 215, 242, 424, 465 772
Texas Keystone, 266 Miran, 685
TNK-BP, 186, 570 Qamar, 675
TOTAL, 156, 186, 436, 458, 657, 672, Qara Choq, 675
703 Siba, 697
TPAO, 156, 184, 498, 499, 679 Sibba, 48, 150, 693, 696
TPAO., 203, 430, 441 Tel Ghazal, 47
TPIC, 184 Tel Ghazal, 48, 150, 661, 687, 689, 690
Tullow, 186 Oil Field
Uvergas Multigroup, 188 Abu Ghirab, 19, 20, 143, 196, 197, 199,
Vitol, 593 201, 204, 205, 640
Western Zagros Ltd, 171, 360, 403 Abu Khaimah, 645
Wintershall, 156 Abu Khaimah, 39, 40, 620, 622, 623, 624
Woodside, 156, 657 Abu Khaimah, 626
Zarabest Kerment, 188 Abu Khleisia, 41
Zarubezneft, 215, 242, 424, 458, 465, 475 Adaiyah, 22, 24, 143, 286, 288, 292, 293,
294, 331, 338, 503, 534, 541, 552, 574,
Local Contractor 581, 585, 641
Kar Group, 188, 242, 446, 592, 786 Dhafriyah, 510
Makman, 446, 592, 786 Huwaiza, 526
Non-associated Gas Field Rachi, 565
Akkas, 652, 700, 701, 702, 704 Ahdab, 30, 145, 415, 419, 420, 652
Bina Bawi, 664

Ain Zalah, 19, 20, 143, 191, 197, 199, Ekhaider, 39, 40, 620, 622, 627, 628, 629
206, 208, 210, 212, 245, 426, 640, 650, Galabat, 23, 25, 143, 286, 289, 326, 327,
651 328, 334, 641
Ajeel (Saddam), 30, 31, 145, 191, 215, Gharraf, 34, 36, 145, 487, 517, 521, 522,
390, 413, 415, 416, 422, 425, 642 524, 600, 643, 652
Akkas, 645 Gussair, 23, 25, 143, 286, 289, 330, 331,
Akkas, 620 332, 641
Alan, 22, 24, 143, 286, 288, 296, 297, Halfaya, 30, 31, 145, 415, 433, 436, 437,
298, 306, 641 438, 643, 652
Amara, 34, 35, 145, 487, 493, 495, 496, Hamrin, 23, 26, 143, 286, 289, 333, 334,
643 335, 641, 652
Atrush, 176, 300, 301, 303, 304, 641 Huwaiza, 34, 36, 145, 487, 525, 527, 528,
529, 533, 587, 643
Atshan, 23, 24, 143, 286, 288, 305, 641
Ibrahim, 23, 26, 143, 286, 289, 337, 339,
Badra, 34, 35, 145, 487, 497, 498, 500,
641
501, 643
Abu Khaimah, 625, 626
Dhafriyah, 511
Injana, 23, 26, 143, 286, 290, 340, 341,
Dujaila, 514
342, 641
Bai Hassan, 19, 20, 61, 143, 191, 196,
Ismail, 23, 26, 143, 286, 290, 344, 345,
197, 199, 206, 212, 213, 215, 216, 217,
346, 400, 641
218, 233, 237, 242, 245, 249, 250, 254,
258, 424, 640, 650, 651, 733, 762 Jabal Fauqui, 30, 31, 145, 415, 416, 439,
441, 442, 443, 444, 643
Balad, 34, 35, 145, 191, 487, 501, 502,
503, 504, 643, 652 Jambur, 19, 21, 143, 191, 197, 200, 227,
228, 231, 640, 651, 655, 733, 762
Barda Rash, 23, 311
Jawan, 26, 143, 144, 286, 290, 347, 348,
Benenan, 23, 177, 315, 317
349, 352, 356, 364, 380, 394, 395, 396,
Bijeel, 23, 172, 173, 174, 308, 309, 310, 397, 641, 652
311, 318, 319, 320, 321
Jeria Pika, 659
Boliyah, 34, 35, 145, 487, 505, 506, 507,
Jerishan, 34, 36, 145, 487, 529, 530, 531,
643, 652
532, 643
Butmah, 19, 20, 143, 191, 197, 199, 218,
Judaida, 23, 26, 143, 286, 290, 351, 352,
219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 640, 650, 651
641
Buzurgan, 30, 31, 145, 415, 416, 427,
Khabbaz, 19, 21, 143, 191, 197, 200, 233,
428, 431, 432, 642
235, 236, 640
Chemchemal, 659
Khanuquah, 23, 26, 143, 286, 290, 354,
Chia Surkh, 23, 143, 286, 321, 322, 323, 641
325, 641
Khashem Al-Ahmar, 659
Dhafriyah, 34, 35, 145, 487, 508, 510, 643
Khidr al Maa, 36
Diwan, 645
Khidr al Maa, 533, 535
Dujaila, 34, 35, 145, 487, 512, 513, 514,
Khidr al Maa, 535
643
Khleisia, 630, 631, 645
East Baghdad, 34, 36, 61, 145, 191, 487,
515, 518, 519, 522, 600, 643, 652 Khleisia, 39, 620, 622
Ekhaider, 645 Khlesia, 632

Khurmala, 144, 244, 286, 652 Nau Doman, 23, 27, 143, 286, 291, 374,
376, 377, 641
Kifl, 34, 36, 145, 488, 536, 537, 538, 643
Noor, 34, 37, 145, 488, 493, 559, 560,
Kirkuk, 19, 21, 61, 143, 190, 191, 196,
561, 562, 643
197, 200, 215, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242,
243, 424, 640, 650, 651, 655, 714, 723, North Rumaila, 30, 32, 145, 191, 242,
730, 737, 740, 749, 751, 753 415, 417, 643, 650, 651
Kumait, 34, 145, 488, 540, 541, 542, 643 Pulkhana, 23, 27, 143, 286, 291, 378, 641
Kurdamir, 357, 359, 361, 362 Qaiyarah, 23, 27, 144, 191, 286, 291, 348,
381, 384, 385, 396, 641
Kuwait, 36
Qalian, 387, 388
Luhais, 30, 31, 145, 415, 417, 444, 445,
446, 449, 450, 592, 643 Qamar, 23, 28, 143, 286, 291, 388, 389,
641
Majnoon, 30, 32, 145, 191, 212, 217, 222,
226, 232, 237, 245, 249, 253, 258, 295, Qara Choq, 23, 28, 144, 286, 291, 392,
298, 307, 314, 325, 329, 332, 336, 340, 641
343, 346, 350, 353, 357, 365, 370, 380, Qasab, 23, 28, 291, 348, 395, 396, 641
391, 394, 398, 401, 414, 415, 417, 426,
451, 453, 454, 455, 466, 519, 643, 651 Qualian, 23, 28, 144, 286, 291, 385, 641
Benenan, 317 Quwair, 23, 398, 399, 641
Kifl, 539 Rachi, 34, 37, 146, 488, 563, 565, 566,
643
Salman, 635
Rafidain, 570
Samawa, 639
Rafidain, 37, 568, 570
Simrit, 410
Rafidain, 567, 569
Makhul, 23, 27, 143, 286, 290, 363, 641
Rafidian, 34, 146, 488
Mansuriyah, 659
Ratawi, 34, 37, 146, 488, 572, 573, 574,
Merjan, 34, 36, 145, 488, 543, 544, 546, 575, 643, 652
643
Rifal, 34, 37, 146, 488, 577, 578, 643
Merjan, 547
Rifal, 579
Miran, 683, 686
Rumaila, 422, 461, 463, 465, 467, 468,
Muhaniya, 34, 37, 145, 488, 548, 549, 643 497, 505, 508, 543, 553, 567, 605
Mushora, 19, 143, 197, 246, 247, 248 Muhaniya, 550
Naft Kaneh, 23, 27, 143, 191, 286, 290, Noor, 563
366, 367, 369, 652
Rafidain, 571
Naft Khaneh, 641
Sadid, 582
Nahr bin Umar, 30, 32, 145, 415, 417,
456, 457, 459, 460, 461, 643 West Tikrit, 619
Nahrawan, 34, 145, 488, 551, 552, 643 Sadid, 34, 37, 146, 488, 580, 581, 643
Nahrawan, 37 Safaya, 19, 21, 143, 191, 197, 200, 250,
251, 252, 640
Najmah, 23, 27, 143, 286, 290, 348, 371,
373, 396, 641 Safwan, 34, 38, 146, 488, 583, 584, 586,
587, 643
Nasiriyah, 34, 37, 145, 488, 554, 555,
556, 557, 558, 652 Salman, 633, 635, 645
Ratawi, 576, 577 Salman, 39, 41, 620, 622

Samawa, 636, 638, 645 Petrochemicals
Samawa, 40, 41, 620, 623 Basra, 55, 56, 754, 755, 756, 757, 758
Sarqala, 23, 402, 403, 404 Pipe Line
Sasan, 19, 143, 197, 254, 257, 640 Domestic, 51, 52, 709
Shaikan, 21, 200, 258, 263, 267, 640 Iraq – Jordan, 51, 52, 709, 710, 715, 716
Shakal, 23, 405, 406, 407 Iraq-Saudi Arabia Twin Pipe, 51, 52, 709,
710
Siba, 644
Iraq-Syria, 51, 52, 709, 710, 725
Simrit, 23, 181, 408, 409
Iraq-Turkey Twin Pipe Line, 51, 52, 709,
Sinbad, 34, 38, 146, 488, 587, 588, 589,
710
590, 643
Kurdistan-Turkey, 712
Sinbad, 590
Nabbucco Pipeline, 766
South Rumaila, 61, 191, 650, 651, 730,
737, 740, 749, 751 New Iraq – Syria, 51, 52, 709, 710, 714
Subba, 34, 38, 146, 446, 488, 591, 592, Refinery
593, 595, 596, 643 Major
Luhais, 447, 448 Baeiji, 54, 55, 726, 729, 732, 733, 734,
Swara Tika, 22, 200, 268, 269, 270, 272 735, 736, 737, 740
Taq Taq, 19, 143, 197, 272, 274, 275, Basra, 54, 55, 726, 729, 730, 731, 732
276, 277, 279, 285, 415, 640 Daura, 54, 55, 726, 729, 737, 738, 739
Tawke, 19, 143, 197, 281, 284, 640 Dohuk, 729
Tel Ghazal, 659 Erbil, 740
Tikrit, 191 Karbala, 729
Tuba, 34, 38, 146, 186, 488, 517, 522, Kirkuk, 729
597, 598, 599, 600, 601, 643, 652
Maysan, 729
Umm Qasr, 34, 38, 146, 488, 602, 603,
604, 605, 644 Nasiriyah, 729
West Baghdad, 34, 38, 146, 488, 606, Proposed Basra, 751, 752
607, 608, 609, 644 Proposed Central, 54, 55, 515
West Kifl, 34, 38, 146, 188, 488, 610, Proposed Dohuk, 743
612, 644
Proposed Basra, 750
West Luhais, 34, 39, 146, 488, 613, 614,
615, 644 Proposed Karbala, 748
West Luhais, 615 Proposed Kirkuk, 741
West Qifl, 610 Proposed Nasiriyah, 745
West Qurna, 30, 32, 61, 145, 415, 417, Proposed Karbala, 748, 750
469, 470, 472, 473, 474, 475, 477, 478, Proposed Kirkuk, 742, 743
479, 480, 643
Proposed Nasiriyah, 746, 747
West Tikrit, 34, 39, 146, 488, 616, 617,
618, 644 Minor
Zubair, 30, 33, 61, 145, 415, 418, 481, Baeiji 1, 54, 726, 753
482, 483, 485, 486, 643, 650, 651, 765, Baeiji 2, 54, 726, 753
767

Haditha, 54, 715, 726, 753 Pertamina, 186, 600
Khanaquin, 54, 726, 753 Petroleum Authority of Thailand, 156
Kirkuk, 54, 726, 753 Petronas, 186, 187, 188, 574
Meisan, 54, 726, 753 PetroVietnam, 156, 186, 187, 495, 556
Nasiriyah, 54, 726, 753 PNOC, 187
Qaiyarah, 54, 753 SOMO, 465
Qaiyarahh, 726 Sonangol, 156
State Company Sonatrach, 156, 186, 187, 600
BOTAS, 657, 672, 680, 711, 723, 725 South Gas Company, 695, 766
CNPC, 187, 420, 446, 465, 466, 471, 593 South Oil Company, 191, 409, 415, 475,
488, 526, 555, 556, 620, 627, 631, 637,
CPC, 523
694, 702, 706, 720, 722, 764, 766, 768
ETAP, 186
South Refineries Company, 729
Institute France du Petrol, 758
State Company for Oil Projects, 657
Iraq Oil Exploration Company, 498, 499
Syrian Petroleum Company, 561
Iraq State Company, 703
TPAO, 187, 523, 657, 672, 680
Jordanian National Petroleum Company,
Turkish Petroleum Corporation, 156
188, 570
Kuwait National Petroleum Company, Terminals
695 Liquids
MOC, 484, 485 Umm al Qasr, 52, 53, 717, 719, 722,
770
Mubadala, 474
Oil
North Oil Company, 191, 197, 210, 215,
220, 230, 235, 247, 251, 256, 286, 293, Banias, 52, 53, 713, 714, 717, 718, 719,
297, 306, 323, 331, 334, 338, 341, 345, 723, 724
348, 352, 355, 363, 368, 379, 386, 393, Ceyhan, 52, 53, 711, 714, 717, 718,
396, 399, 640, 657, 671, 688 719, 722, 723, 725
North Refineries Company, 733 Khor al Amaya, 52, 53, 717, 719, 721,
Oil Exploration Company, 155, 169, 170, 777
474 Mina al Bakr, 52, 53, 717, 718, 719,
ONGC Videsh, 156, 170, 187, 270, 302, 721, 722, 777
309, 316, 319, 412, 466, 600, 624 Mu’jiz, 52, 53, 713, 717, 719, 724
Pakistan Petroleum, 156 New Banias, 52, 53, 714, 718, 719, 725

Our Product Clients
For a full list of clients see: http://www.bayphase.com/clients.php

Address: St George’s House
Knoll Road
Camberley
Surrey
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GU15 3SY
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Telephone: +44 (0) 1276 682828
Fax: +44 (0) 1276 63334
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Web: www.bayphase.com
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Geologists, Engineers and Investment Analysts

Iraq Strategic Booklet

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Iraq Strategic Booklet

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This is the Ninth Edition of our Report on Iraq’s oil

and gas industry. This report contains 833 pages and

For a full list of clients see: http://www.bayphase.com/clients.php

Highlights of the 9th Edition.

- Northern Folded Zone

- 9th Edition January 2015 – 833 pages

What Do You Get

Field Analysis Samples

Key Field Data

The reserve figures cover a number of categories;

Table 3.69: Tawke Field Data

Table 3.70: Tawke’s Average Daily Oil Production History

Table 3.71: Tawke Key Commercial Data

 Drilling of further production wells to target the shallow reservoir.

Table 3.72: Tawke Development Costs Summary

Table 3.73: Tawke Operating Cost Summary

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For a full list of clients see: http://www.bayphase.com/clients.php

Geologists, Engineers and Investment Analysts

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