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Q2 01 Lecture Notes Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities

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24 views4 pages

Q2 01 Lecture Notes Solving Rational Equations and Inequalities

Uploaded by

Chrissy Mae Tahum
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GENERAL MATHEMATICS 11 | Q2 | LECTURE NOTES

Solving Rational Equations and


Inequalities
A. Activity
1. GUESS ME!
Ask the learners to determine the rational inequalities among the
mathematical statements. Each rational inequality has a
corresponding letter. The learners will then form a word to guess the
Science fact below.
1 3𝑥+2
A. 𝑥
<8 C. 𝑥 + 4 = 5 E. 𝑥+1
>5

1 𝑥+3
G. 2𝑥+1 ≤ 𝑥 + 1 H. 2𝑥
< 2
M. 𝑥 ≥ 2𝑥 + 7

𝑥+2 3𝑥+1
R. 𝑥−3
> 10 T. 𝑥−2
≤0 P. 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 ≥ 4

𝑥+4 𝑥
S. 𝑥 ≥ 2𝑥 + 7 O. 𝑥−9
= 𝑥+1

The only planet in the solar system that has a large amount of water
because 70% of its surface it covered with liquid or frozen water.

Key Answer:
Earth

2. COMPLETE ME!
Let the learners choose their partner. In a one whole sheet of pad
paper, instruct them to copy and complete the table of signs of a
𝑥+4
rational inequality, < 0 . Substitute the values of x to the given
𝑥−1
expressions and determine its sign. One example is given.

Interval 𝑥 < −4 −4 < 𝑥 < 1 𝑥>1


Test Point 𝑥 = −5 𝑥=0 𝑥=2
𝑥+4 −
𝑥−1
𝑥+4
𝑥−1
Key Answer:
Interval 𝑥 < −4 −4 < 𝑥 < 1 𝑥>1
Test Point 𝑥 = −5 𝑥=0 𝑥=2
𝑥+4 − + +
𝑥−1 − − +
𝑥+4 + − +
𝑥−1

B. Analysis
1. How do you find the activity?
2. What did you do to determine the value of each expression?
3. What do you think is the significance of the inequality symbols in
determining the solution set?
4. Based on the table of signs, what is the solution set of the given
rational inequality?
5. How do you know that a certain value of x is a part of the solution set
of the rational inequality?

Lesson Proper:

Rational Inequality. An inequality involving rational expressions.


𝑥−2 3𝑥+2 1 𝑥+3 2𝑥+1
Examples: 5
> 3, 𝑥+1
> 5, 2𝑥
< 2
, 𝑥−1
≤0

To solve rational inequalities:


(a) Rewrite the inequality as a single rational expression on one side
of the inequality symbol and 0 on the other side.
(b) Determine over what intervals the rational expression takes on
positive and negative values.

i. Locate the x values for which the rational expression is zero or


undefined (factoring the numerator and denominator is a useful
strategy).
ii. Mark the numbers found in (i) on a number line. Use a shaded
circle to indicate that the value is included in the solution set,
and a hollow circle to indicate that the value is excluded. These
numbers partition the number line into intervals.
iii. Select a test point within the interior of each interval in (ii).
The sign of the rational expression at this test point is also the
sign of the rational expression at each interior point in the
aforementioned interval.
iv. Summarize the intervals containing the solutions.

2𝑥
Example 1. Solve the inequality ≥1
𝑥+1

Solution.
(a) Rewrite the inequality as a single rational expression.
2𝑥
≥0
𝑥+1

2𝑥 − (𝑥 + 1)
≥0
𝑥+1

(𝑥 − 1)
≥0
𝑥+1

(b) The rational expression will be zero for x = 1 and undefined for
x = –1. The value x = 1 is included while x = –1 is not. Mark these
on the number line. Use a shaded circle for x = 1 (a solution) and
an unshaded circle for x = -1 (not a solution).

(c) Choose convenient test points in the intervals determined by –1


𝑥−1
and 1 to determine the sign of of these intervals. Construct a
𝑥+1
table of signs as shown below.
Interval 𝑥 < −1 −1 < 𝑥 < 1 𝑥>1
Test Point 𝑥 = −2 𝑥=0 𝑥=2
𝑥−1 − − +
𝑥+1 − + +
𝑥−1 + − +
𝑥+1
(d) Since we are
looking for the intervals where the rational expression is positive or
zero, we determine the solution to be the set
{𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 |𝑥 < −1 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≥ 1}.
Plot this set on the number line.

3 1
Example 2. Solve the inequality 𝑥−2
<𝑥.

(a) Rewrite the inequality with zero on one side.


3 1
− <0
𝑥−2 𝑥

3𝑥 − (𝑥 − 2)
<0
𝑥(𝑥 − 2)

2𝑥 + 2
<0
𝑥(𝑥 − 2)
2(𝑥 + 1)
<0
𝑥(𝑥 − 2)

(b) The rational expression will be zero for x = –1 and undefined for 0 and 2. Plot
these points on a number line. Use hollow circles since these values are not part
of the solution.

(c) Construct a table of signs to determine the sign of the function in each
interval determined by –1, 0 and 2.
Interval 𝑥 < −1 −1 < 𝑥 < 0 0<𝑥<2 𝑥>2
Test Point 𝑥 = −2 1 𝑥=1 𝑥=3
𝑥=−
2

2(𝑥 + 1) − + + +
𝑥 − − + +
𝑥−2 − − − +
2(𝑥 + 1) − + − +
𝑥(𝑥 − 2)

(d) Summarize the intervals satisfying the inequality. The solution set of the
inequality is {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 |𝑥 < −1 𝑜𝑟 0 < 𝑥 < 2} .
Plot this set on the number line

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