Designation: C871 – 11´1

Standard Test Methods for

Chemical Analysis of Thermal Insulation Materials for
Leachable Chloride, Fluoride, Silicate, and Sodium Ions1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C871; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

´1 NOTE—10.1.1 was editorially corrected in December 2011.

1. Scope D1428 Test Method for Sodium and Potassium in Water and

--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
1.1 These test methods cover laboratory procedures for the Water-Formed Deposits by Flame Photometry3
determination of water-leachable chloride, fluoride, silicate, 2.2 AWWA Standards:
and sodium ions in thermal insulation materials in the parts per 4500-Si D Molybdosilicate Method for Silica4
million range. 4500-Si E Heteropoly Blue Method for Silica4
1.2 Selection of one of the test methods listed for each of the 3. Terminology
ionic determinations required shall be made on the basis of
laboratory capability and availability of the required equipment 3.1 Definitions—Refer to Terminology C168 for definitions
and appropriateness to the concentration of the ion and any relating to insulation.
possible ion interferences in the extraction solution. 4. Summary of Test Methods
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical 4.1 Insulation specimens are leached for 30 min in boiling
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only water. Tests to determine quantitatively chloride, fluoride,
and are not considered standard. silicate, and sodium ions are performed on aliquots of the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the filtered leachate solution.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 4.2 Analysis for Chloride:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 4.2.1 Amperometric-coulometric titration test method.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 4.2.2 Titrimetric test method. This method is no longer
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. recommended as requested by ASTM International due to use
of a specific hazardous substance.
2. Referenced Documents 4.2.3 Specific ion electrode test method.
2.1 ASTM Standards:2 4.3 Analysis for Fluoride:
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation 4.3.1 Specific ion electrode test method.
C692 Test Method for Evaluating the Influence of Thermal 4.3.2 SPADNS colorimetric test method.
Insulations on External Stress Corrosion Cracking Ten- 4.4 Analysis for Silicate:
dency of Austenitic Stainless Steel 4.4.1 Atomic absorption spectrophotometry test method.
C795 Specification for Thermal Insulation for Use in Con- 4.4.2 Colorimetric test methods—AWWA Methods 4500-Si
tact with Austenitic Stainless Steel D and 4500-Si E.
C871 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Thermal 4.5 Analysis for Sodium:
Insulation Materials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride, 4.5.1 Flame photometric test method
Silicate, and Sodium Ions Test Methods D1428.
4.5.2 Atomic absorption spectrophotometry test method.
4.5.3 Sodium Ion-Selective electrode.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on 5. Significance and Use
Thermal Insulation and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.31 on
5.1 Research has demonstrated that in addition to the halide
Chemical and Physical Properties.
Current edition approved May 15, 2011. Published June 2011. Originally ion chloride; fluoride ions, when deposited and concentrated on
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C871 – 08a ´2. DOI:
10.1520/C0871-11E01.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM on www.astm.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 17th
the ASTM website. Edition, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, 1989.

Copyright © ASTM International. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO box C-700 West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428-2959, United States

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
1
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 C871 – 11´1
the surface of austenitic stainless steel, can contribute to 8. Test Specimen
external stress corrosion cracking (ESCC) in the absence of 8.1 Apparatus and tools used for special preparation and
inhibiting ions.5 Two widely used insulation specifications that leaching shall be clean and free of chlorides, fluorides, sili-
are specific to ESCC allow the use of the same Test Methods cates, sodium, and acidic or alkaline materials that might affect
C692 and C871 for evaluation of insulation materials. Both the chemical test. Distilled water must be used in all tests
specifications require fluoride ions to be included with chloride unless deionized water has been shown to be adequate.
ions when evaluating the extractable ions. 8.1.1 For molded insulation, use a band saw or equivalent,
5.2 Chlorides (and fluorides) can be constituents of the making several cuts through the entire cross section of each
insulating material or of the environment, or both. Moisture in piece of insulation to be tested. Each specimen shall be
the insulation or from the environment can cause chlorides representative of the entire cross section of the piece, except
(and fluorides) to migrate through the insulation and concen- that metal screen, or expanded metal used as a supportive
trate at the hot stainless steel surface. facing shall not be included. It is recommended that thin wafers
5.3 The presence of sodium and silicate ions in the insula- of material be cut between 1⁄16 and 1⁄8 in. (1.6 and 3.2 mm)
tion has been found to inhibit external stress corrosion cracking thick. Cut enough material for two 20-g samples.
caused by chloride (and fluoride) ions, whether such ions come
8.1.2 Blanket fibrous materials are cut into strips across the
from the insulation itself or from external sources. Further-
entire width of the blanket using clean, dry scissors.
more, if the ratio of sodium and silicate ions to chloride (and
8.1.3 Samples containing moisture are placed in a suitable
fluoride) ions is in a certain proportion in the insulation,
container, protected from contamination, and oven dried at 230
external stress corrosion cracking as a result of the presence of
6 10°F (100 6 5°C) ( or manufacturers recommended
chloride (and fluoride) in the insulation will be prevented or at
temperature) to a constant weight (60.1 g) or overnight.
least mitigated (see also Specification C795).

6. Reagents 9. Extraction Technique

6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be 9.1 Apparatus:
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that 9.1.1 Electronic Balance, capable of weighing to 2000 g
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit- with readability to the nearest 0.1 g.
tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society, 9.1.2 Blender, with jar-top thread preferred.
where such specifications are available.6 Use other grades only 9.1.3 Beaker, 1-L stainless or borosilicate.
if is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high 9.1.4 Filter, Buchner with suitable filter paper.
purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the 9.2 Using a closed-top blender, such as a 1-qt Mason jar
determination. with blender blades, blend exactly 20.0 g of sample (or other
6.2 Purity of Water—Distilled or deionized water (DI), weight if necessary) in approximately 400 mL of DI or distilled
having maximum conductivity of 2.5 µS/cm and containing water for 30 s. While most materials blend to a homogeneous
less than 0.1 ppm of chloride ions shall be used in all tests. mixture in 30 s, some very hard materials require 60 s or more.
9.3 Quantitatively transfer the mixture to a tared 1-L stain-
7. Sampling less steel or borosilicate beaker, rinsing with distilled or DI
7.1 With low-chloride insulating materials, wear clean poly- water.
ethylene gloves while taking and handling the sample to avoid 9.4 Bring to boiling and maintain at the boiling point for 30
chloride contamination from perspiration. Do not use gloves 6 5 min.
made from chloride-containing compounds such as neoprene 9.5 Remove from heat, and cool in a cold water bath to
or saran, or materials with metallic chlorides in their formula- ambient temperature.
tions. Prior to use, rinse gloves twice, drain, and air-dry in a 9.6 Remove water from the outside of the beaker and place
clean, halide-free environment. Store clean gloves in a closed on a balance. Add DI (or distilled) water to bring amount of
container or envelope. water up to exactly 500.0 mL (g) (or other weight if necessary).
7.2 It is suitable to handle materials with more than 25 ppm 9.7 Stir mixture until it is uniform and filter through filter
chloride with clean, dry hands with no significant contamina-
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

paper to get a clear filtrate. If not clear after the first filtration,
tion. refilter through a finer filter paper. The first small portion of
filtrate is used to rinse the receiving flask and Solution A bottle.
Complete this filtration by putting this filtrate in the bottle
5
Whorlow, Kenneth M., Woolridge, Edward and Hutto, Francis B., Jr., “ Effect
labeled Solution A. Since the relationship between solids and
of Halogens and Inhibitors on the External Stress Corrosion Cracking of Type 304 liquid has been established, it is not necessary to filter all of the
Austenitic Stainless Steel”; STP 1320 Insulation Materials: Testing and Applica- extract. DO NOT WASH THE FILTER CAKE!
tions, Third Volume, Ronald S. Graves and Robert R. Zarr, editors, ASTM West
Conshohocken, PA, 1997, page 485.
9.8 Calculate the Gravimetric Conversion Factor (GCF) by
6
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American dividing the weight of the water by the weight of the sample.
Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not In the ideal case, this is 500/20 = 25. If weights are not exactly
listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory as prescribed, a correct GCF must be calculated and used.
Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
and National Formulary , U.S. Pharmaceutical Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, 9.9 With calcium silicate insulation it has been shown that it
MD. is not necessary to pulverize the thin chips called for in 8.1.1.

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
2
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 C871 – 11´1
Equivalent results are obtained, and a lengthy filtration step is 10.2 Fluoride Determination—One of the following test
avoided, by extracting the unpulverized chips. methods shall be used on a fresh aliquot from Solution A:
10.2.1 Specific Ion Electrode Test Method for Fluoride—
10. Test Procedures The fluoride-sensitive electrode consists of a single-crystal
10.1 Chloride Determination—One of the following test lanthanum fluoride membrane, and an internal reference,
methods shall be used on a fresh aliquot from Solution A. The bonded into an epoxy body. The crystal is an ionic conductor
precision of the test equipment is often improved through the in which fluoride ions are mobile. When the membrane is in
use of analytical techniques involving known addition (or contact with a fluoride solution, an electrode potential develops
sample and standard spiking) when the ion concentrations are across the membrane. This potential, which depends on the
very low. It is recommended for chloride ion concentrations level of free fluoride ions in solution, is measured against an
less than 20 ppm. external constant reference potential with a digital pH/mV
10.1.1 Amperometric-Coulometric Titration Test Method— meter or specific ion meter. Operation and use should follow
Use an apparatus7 in which direct current between a pair of manufacturer’s recommended procedures, especially noting
silver electrodes causes electrochemical oxidation of the anode any corrections for interferences to determinations.
and produces silver ions at a constant rate. When all of the 10.2.2 SPADNS Colorimetric Test Method—This colorimet-
chloride ions have combined with silver ions, the appearance ric test method is based on the reaction between fluoride and a
of free silver ions causes an abrupt increase in current between zirconium-dye lake. The fluoride reacts with the dye lake,
a pair of indicator electrodes. Because silver ions are generated dissociating a portion of it into a colorless complex anion (ZrF6
at a constant rate, the amount used to precipitate the chloride 2−) and the dye. As the amount of fluoride is increased, the
ions is proportional to the elapsed time. Hence, the chloride color produced becomes progressively lighter or different in
content of the titration solution can be determined. Since the hue, depending on the reagent used.
coulometric titrator would not discriminate between chloride, 10.2.3 Ion Chromatography— It is suitable to use and ion
bromide, and iodide—all would test as chloride—in some chromatograph, following the manufactures directions and
cases it is practical to differentiate between the halides to show appropriate techniques for the concentration of the ion in the
chloride only, since the others have not been shown to cause extraction solution.
stress corrosion cracking in austenitic stainless steel. Some
organic insulation materials contain carbon-nitrogen com- 10.3 Silicate Determination—One of the following test
pounds that are extracted during the water leaching process. methods shall be used on a fresh aliquot from Solution A. If
These carbon nitrogen ions have the ability to interfere with the Solution A is cloudy, it shall be refiltered through a 0.45-µm
silver nitrate chloride methods causing a higher numerical millipore filter or centrifuged until clear before use.
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

result. A chloride-sensitive electrode detects chloride only. 10.3.1 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry Test
10.1.2 Titrimetric Test Method8—This method is no longer Method—Atomize an aliquot from Solution A by means of a
recommended as requested by ASTM International due to use nitrous oxide-acetylene flame. The absorption by the silicon
of specific hazardous substance. atoms of radiation being emitted by a silicon hollow cathode
10.1.3 Specific Ion Electrode Test Method—The chloride- lamp source provides a measure of the amount of silicon
sensitive electrode consists of silver halide/silver sulfide mem- present in the solution, using an atomic absorption spectropho-
branes bonded into the tip of an epoxy electrode body. When tometer.
the membrane is in contact with a chloride solution, silver ions 10.3.2 Colorimetric Test Method—This test method covers
dissolve from the membrane surface and the electrode develops the determination of soluble silica (SiO 2) by the molybdosili-
a potential due to the silver ion concentration. This concentra- cate colorimetric procedure. In this test method, ammonium
tion is in turn determined by the sample chloride ion concen- molybdate at low pH reacts with soluble silicate or phosphate
tration. This potential is measured against a constant reference to produce heteropoly acids. Oxalic acid is used to destroy the
potential with a digital pH/mV meter or specific ion meter. molybdophosphoric acid but not the molybdosilicic acid. The
Operation and use should follow manufacturer’s recommended intensity of the yellow molybdosilicate complex follows Beers
procedures, especially noting any corrections for interferences law. This test method is an adaption of AWWA Meth-
to determinations. The chloride-sensitive electrode is not ods 4500-Si D and 4500-Si E. If phosphates are not present as
reliable for chloride levels below 2 ppm in Solution A. contaminants, the oxalic acid may be omitted to obtain a more
10.1.4 Ion Chromatography—It is suitable to use an ion stable molybdosilicate complex. Materials that have not been
chromatograph, following the manufacturers directions and previously verified as having no significant phosphate interfer-
appropriate techniques for the concentration of the ion in the ence or materials with formulation changes must be checked
extraction solution. for phosphate interference. When oxalic acid is used it must be
noted in the final report.
10.3.2.1 Reagents:
7
Bowman, R. L., Cotlove, E., Trantham, H. V., “An Instrument and Method for (1) 10 % Ammonium Molybdate—Dissolve 10.0 g of
Automatic, Rapid, Accurate, and Sensitive Titration of Chloride in Biologic (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H 2O in distilled water, bringing final volume
Samples,” Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, Vol51 , 1958, pp. to 100.0 mL.
461–468.
8
Clarke, F. E., “Determination of Chloride in Water Improved Colorimetric and (2) Hydrochloric Acid—Dilute 125 mL of concentrated
Titrimetric Methods,” Analytical Chemistry, Vol 22, 1950, pp. 553–555. HCl to 500 mL to make 1:3.

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
3
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 C871 – 11´1
(3) Oxalic Acid—Dissolve 7.5 g of H 2C2O4·2H2O in 10.4.2 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry Test
distilled water to make 100.0 mL. Method—Atomize the filtered aliquot by means of an air-
(4) Silica—Prepare a standard silica solution from pure acetylene flame. The absorption by the sodium atoms of
sodium metasilicate or equivalent concentrate to a stock radiation being emitted by a sodium hollow cathode lamp
concentration of 1000 mg/L (µg/mL) on SiO2 basis. source provides a measure of the amount of sodium present in
10.3.2.2 Apparatus: the solution, using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
(1) Spectrophotometer, with a 1-cm cell or tube. NOTE 4—Corrections must be made if high concentrations of calcium,
(2) Volumetric Flasks, 50 mL, for solution and sample potassium, or magnesium are present.
preparation. 10.4.3 Ion-Selective Electrode—Use the Sodium Ion-
(3) Pipettes, miscellaneous. Selective electrode according to the manufacturer’s directions,
10.3.2.3 Calibration Procedure—Turn on the spectropho- calibrating with standards to bracket the range of the unknown.
tometer and set to 410 nm. Prepare 100-µg/mL standard by 10.4.4 Ion Chromatography—It is suitable to use an ion
diluting 100 mL of the 1000-µg/mL stock to 1000 mL. Pipette chromatograph, following the manufactures directions and
1, 2, and 4 mL of the 100-µg/mL standard into each of the three appropriate techniques for the concentration of the ion in the
50-mL volumetric flasks. Set out one more 50-mL flask for extraction solution.
reagent blank use. Pipette 2.0 mL of ammonium molybdate 10.5 pH, when required—Determine the pH8 of an aliquot
solution into each volumetric flask. Pipette 2.0 mL of 1:3 from Solution A. Discard the aliquot after the determination.
hydrochloric acid into each flask, then bring volumes to exactly The pH shall be run as quickly as possible after the extraction
50.0 mL, and mix well (see Note 1). Start the timer. Zero the because solutions sometimes change pH on standing.
spectrophotometer with the reagent blank. Read all three
standards versus the reagent zero between 10 and 30 min of the 11. Calculation
time when the reagents were added. Plot the optical density 11.1 Procedure—The gravimetric conversion factor (GCF)
versus millilitres of 100-µg/mL standard added (µg/mL in test is calculated using Eq 1:
solution).
GCF 5 $Volume liquid ~g!%/$Sample weight ~g!% (1)
NOTE 1—When it has been determined that phosphates are present, 2.0
mL of oxalic acid must be added after the other two reagents. When oxalic 11.2 Chloride content of insulation is calculated using Eq 2:
acid is used, the timing is much more important, because the yellow color
begins to fade after 15 min. Cl2 ~µg/g! 5 concentration observed
in Solution A ~µg/mL! 3 GCF (2)
10.3.2.4 Determination of the Unknown—Test as soon as
possible after cooling Solution A, preferably on the same day,
overnight at worst. In a 50-mL volumetric flask, add 1.0 mL of 11.3 Fluoride content of insulation is calculated using Eq 3:
Solution A (see Note 2), 2.0 mL of ammonium molybdate F2 ~µg/g! 5 concentration observed
reagent, and 2.0 mL of 1:3 hydrochloric acid, (and 2 mL oxalic in Solution A ~µg/mL! 3 GCF (3)
acid solution when necessary), followed by swirling to dissolve
any precipitated material. Add distilled (or DI) water to bring 11.4 Silicate content of insulation is calculated using Eq 4:
volumes to exactly 50.0 mL. Mix well and start the timer.
S iO3 5 ~µg/g! 5 concentration of SiO 2 observed
Between 10 and 30 min, read the sample versus the reagent in Solution A ~µg/mL! 3 76/60 3 GCF (4)
zero. Consult the calibration curve to find equivalent millilitres
of 100-µg/mL standard.
NOTE 5—The factor 76/60 converts observed SiO2 to SiO3 = as
NOTE 2—This test method was designed for determining soluble required by Specification C795 and other specifications relating to
silicate in materials containing 1000 to 10 000 ppm of soluble silicate as austenitic stainless steel corrosion.
determined by this test method. For materials out of this range, more or
less of Solution A must be used with appropriate adjustments being made
11.5 Sodium content of insulation is calculated using Eq 5:
to the calculation procedure. N a1 ~µg/g! 5 concentration observed
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

in Solution A ~µg/mL! 3 GCF (5)

10.4 Sodium Determination—One of the following test
methods shall be used on Solution A. The precision of the test
equipment is often improved through the use of analytical 12. Report
techniques involving known addition (or sample and standard
12.1 Include in the report of the results of each test the
spiking) when the ion concentrations are very low. It is
following information:
recommended for sodium ion concentrations less than 500
12.1.1 Any pertinent information concerning the identifica-
ppm.
tion of the material.
10.4.1 Flame Photometric Test Method—Atomize the fil- 12.1.2 The test methods used for determination of chloride,
tered aliquot in a flame and determine the concentration of fluoride, sodium, and silicate, including any methods used to
sodium by photometry in accordance with Test Methods correct for interferences.
D1428 or equivalent. 12.1.3 The numerical results of the tests expressed in µg/g
NOTE 3—Corrections must be made if high concentrations of calcium, (ppm) of chloride, fluoride, sodium, and silicate calculated on
potassium, or magnesium are present. the basis of weight of each dry insulation specimen.

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
4
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
 C871 – 11´1
TABLE 1 Round-Robin Mean Values and Standard Deviations
Sample Type Calsil Perlite Fiber Glass Solution Solution
Chloride mean 121 40.3 116 129 54.2
Standard deviation 13.4 8.9 22.5 16.3 12.6
sd/mean 3 100 11.1 22.1 19.3 12.6 23.2

Fluoride mean 55.6 17.5 1.9 44.0 13.2

Standard deviation 7.4 3.7 0.8 2.9 2.8
sd/mean 3 100 13.3 21.1 42.1 6.6 21.2

Sodium mean 5845 23 950 732 5243 1692

Standard deviation 1472 3531 194 595 523
sd/mean 3 100 25.1 14.7 26.5 11.3 30.9

Silicate mean 5926 45 860 498 4275 1358

Standard deviation 1609 5190 206 831 295
sd/mean 3 100 27.2 11.3 41.3 19.4 21.7

13. Precision and Bias prepared extraction solutions from six different kinds of
13.1 A round robin was conducted utilizing three different thermal insulation containing a wide range of extractable ions
types of insulation and two prepared extracts. Samples were concentrations. Each lab ran the test series three times provid-
supplied to ten laboratories. Seven reported results on all of the ing interlaboratory and within-laboratory precision data. The
samples, and one reported partial results. results of these tests are for the chemical analysis only and do
13.1.1 Of the 236 data points supplied, 39 were thrown out not include the extraction step, which was covered by the
as outliers because they were either double or one half of the previous precision and bias testing.
average of the other comparative data points. Twenty-six of the 13.2.1 The interlaboratory reproducibility standard devia-
outliers were from three laboratories that were using the ion tion as a percentage of the mean value obtained by all of the
chromatograph. Of these 26, 6 and an additional 4 were from labs (SD/Mean x 100) was higher at the low ion concentrations
a laboratory that used an unapproved extraction method. and therefore the data is summarized with ranges:
13.1.2 For each determination, a mean value and a standard
Silicate <1000ppm = 12.1%; >1000ppm = 7.5%
deviation were calculated. Table 1 shows the results. Sodium <600ppm = 21.7%; >600ppm = 9.0%
13.1.3 There was no estimation of bias, since the true values Chloride <20ppm = 23.6%; >20ppm = 10.0%
for the samples were unknown. Fluoride <5ppm = 34.1%; >5<10ppm = 13.4%; >10ppm = 5.7%
13.1.4 Since the material samples were run in duplicate by
all of the participating laboratories but one, a within laboratory 13.2.2 The within-laboratory repeatability standard devia-
value could have been calculated but was not. Suffice it to say tion as a percentage of the mean value obtained within the lab
that the within laboratory variability should have been some- (SD/Mean x 100) is summarized as follows:
what less than the between laboratory variability. Silicate <1000ppm = 5.4%; >1000ppm = 2.6%
13.1.5 A full report of the data is on file with ASTM as a Sodium <600ppm = 5.7%; >600ppm = 1.8%
Chloride <20ppm = 9.6%; >20ppm = 7.4%
research report.9
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Fluoride <5ppm = 4.0%; >5<10ppm = 2.5%; >10ppm = 3.0%

13.2 An interlaboratory round-robin10 was performed by
five laboratories on samples taken from large batches of 14. Keywords
9
14.1 chemical analysis; chloride; fluoride; silicate; sodium;
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:C16-1015. thermal insulation
10
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:C16-1026.

ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should
make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.

This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above
address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or [email protected] (e-mail); or through the ASTM website
(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/
COPYRIGHT/).

Copyright ASTM International

Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
5
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale