MAS 101

Question 1
The HR department of a retail company surveyed the monthly salaries (in thou-
sands of KSh) of 30 sales employees and obtained the following results:

Salary Range (KSh ’000) Frequency

0—5 0.10
5—10 0.30
10—15 0.35
15—20 0.15
20—25 0.10

(i) Calculate the approximate mean, variance, and standard deviation of the
salaries.
(ii) If each employee receives a 20% salary increase, will the average salary
and variation change? Provide an explanation.
(iii) Determine the skewness of the salary distribution (symmetric, positively
skewed, or negatively skewed).
(iv) If the median salary is known to be KSh 12 ’000, calculate Pearson’s
coefficient of skewness, assuming the mean salary is KSh 14 ’000 and the
standard deviation is KSh 4 ’000.

Question 2
A manufacturing company conducted a salary survey for 25 factory workers.
The results are summarized as follows:
Salary Range (KSh ’000) Proportion of Employees
5—10 0.15
10—15 0.25
15—20 0.30
20—25 0.20
25—30 0.10

(i) Determine the mean, variance, and standard deviation of the salaries.

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 (ii) If the company offers a 10% bonus to all employees, how will the mean
salary change, and what will happen to the variance and standard devia-
tion? Explain.
(iii) Classify the salary distribution in terms of skewness.

(iv) Pearson’s coefficient of skewness for a distribution is -0.5, with a mean

of KSh 20 ’000 and a median of KSh 22 ’000. Calculate the standard
deviation.

Question 3
A telecom company surveyed the salaries of 40 call center agents. The salaries
were grouped as follows:

Salary Range (KSh ’000) Frequency

10—20 0.05
20—30 0.15
30—40 0.40
40—50 0.25
50—60 0.15

(i) Calculate the approximate mean, variance, and standard deviation of the
salaries.
(ii) Suppose the company offers a 30% salary raise to all employees. How will
this affect the mean and variance of the salary distribution? Justify your
answer.

(iii) Based on the salary distribution, classify the data as symmetric, positively
skewed, or negatively skewed.
(iv) Given that Pearson’s coefficient of skewness is 0.6, the standard deviation
is KSh 7 ’000, and the mean salary is KSh 35 ’000, find the median salary.

Question 4
In a survey of 1,000 patients at a hospital, the following statistics were recorded
regarding the number of days spent in the hospital:

• Average stay = 12 days

• 1st Quartile (Q1) = 8 days

• 3rd Quartile (Q3) = 18 days

• Coefficient of variation = 25%

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 Using this information, calculate:
(i) The number of patients who stayed more than 18 days.
(ii) The number of patients who stayed between 8 and 18 days.

(iii) The standard deviation for the length of stay.

Question 5
In a study of 600 tourists at a popular resort, the following statistics were
recorded concerning their duration of stay:

• Average stay = 7 days

• 1st Quartile (Q1) = 4 days
• 3rd Quartile (Q3) = 12 days
• Coefficient of variation = 30%

Answer the following:

(i) The number of tourists who stayed more than 12 days.

(ii) The number of tourists who stayed between 4 and 12 days.

(iii) The standard deviation for the duration of stay.

Question 6
A survey of 500 students at a university hostel found the following details re-
garding the number of nights spent at the hostel:

• Average stay = 10 nights

• 1st Quartile (Q1) = 6 nights
• 3rd Quartile (Q3) = 14 nights

• Coefficient of variation = 22%

From this information, determine:

(i) The number of students who stayed more than 14 nights.

(ii) The number of students who stayed between 6 and 14 nights.
(iii) The standard deviation for the length of stay.

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Question 7
A survey of 80 participants was conducted regarding their daily screen time (in
hours), and the results are summarized in the following histogram:

Classes (Hours) Percentage (%)

0-1 10%
1-2 20%
2-3 25%
3-4 30%
4-5 15%

Using the histogram data, calculate:

(i) The mean screen time for the participants.

(ii) The median screen time for the participants.
(iii) The mode of the screen time distribution.

(iv) The standard deviation of the screen time distribution.

(v) The 1st quartile of the screen time distribution.

Question 8
In a study of 80 employees’ weekly working hours, the following histogram dis-
plays the distribution:

Classes (Hours) Percentage (%)

20 - 25 15%
25 - 30 25%
30 - 35 30%
35 - 40 20%
40 - 45 10%

Determine:
(i) The mean working hours for the employees.

(ii) The median working hours for the employees.

(iii) The mode of the working hours distribution.
(iv) The standard deviation of the working hours distribution.
(v) The 1st quartile of the working hours distribution.

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Question 9
A research team collected data on the number of books read by 80 students in
a semester, represented by the following histogram:

(Books)Classes (Books) Percentage (%)

0-2 5%
2-4 15%
4-6 30%
6-8 40%
8 - 10 10%

Based on the histogram, find:

(i) The mean number of books read by the students.

(ii) The median number of books read by the students.

(iii) The mode of the book reading distribution.
(iv) The standard deviation of the number of books read.
(v) The 1st quartile of the number of books read.

Question 10
Compare the performance of two famous basketball players, LeBron James and
Stephen Curry, based on the number of three-point shots made during the 2015
NBA season. The data is summarized in the table below:
LeBron James Stephen Curry
65 102
58 116
72 100
47 89
66 113
59 124
71 97
62 121
55 110
68 108

(a) Calculate the five-number summary for the number of three-point shots
made by both LeBron James and Stephen Curry.
(b) Construct box plots for the two sets of data. Are there any outliers? What
do the box plots indicate about the shapes of the two distributions?

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Question 11
Analyze the performance of two elite football players, Lionel Messi and Cristiano
Ronaldo, based on the number of goals scored during the 2018 soccer season.
The following data represents their goal tallies:
Lionel Messi Cristiano Ronaldo
34 25
28 30
32 33
36 27
30 31
40 35
33 29
29 24
31 36
35 28
(a) Calculate the five-number summary for the number of goals scored by
both Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo.
(b) Create box plots for the two sets of data. Are there any outliers? What
do the box plots reveal about the shapes of the two distributions?

Question 12
Examine the scoring patterns of two well-known tennis players, Roger Federer
and Rafael Nadal, based on the number of aces they served during the 2019
tennis season. The data is shown below:
Roger Federer Rafael Nadal
210 150
200 175
215 140
190 180
205 160
220 170
198 155
207 145
212 165
230 180
(a) Calculate the five-number summary for the number of aces served by both
Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal.
(b) Draw box plots for the two sets of data. Are there any outliers? What
insights do the box plots provide regarding the shapes of the two distri-
butions?