Scribd
Upload
7 views

Unit 3 NLP 8 Question

Nlp

Uploaded by

mmonisha2201
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views

Unit 3 NLP 8 Question

Nlp

Uploaded by

mmonisha2201
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Dynamic Programming in Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Dynamic programming (DP) is a powerful technique used in various fields, including natural language
processing (NLP).

Overview of Parsing in NLP

Parsing involves analyzing a string of symbols, either in natural language or formal languages, to
determine its grammatical structure. The goal is to generate a parse tree that reflects the hierarchical
structure of the input.

Types of Parsing

Top-Down Parsing: Starts from the root of the parse tree and works down to the leaves.

Bottom-Up Parsing: Starts from the leaves and works up to the root.

Chart Parsing: Utilizes a dynamic programming approach to store intermediate results, making it efficient
for ambiguous grammars.

Dynamic Programming Approach to Parsing

In parsing, particularly with context-free grammars (CFG), dynamic programming can be applied to
efficiently compute parse trees. The CYK (Cocke-Younger-Kasami) algorithm is a well-known DP-based
parsing algorithm for CFGs in Chomsky Normal Form.

Steps in the CYK Algorithm:

Input Preparation: Transform the input string and grammar into a suitable form.

Table Initialization: Create a 2D table where each entry

P[i][j] contains the non-terminals that can generate the substring from index

𝑖
i to

j.

Filling the Table:

Iterate through the length of the input string.

For each substring, check possible partitions and update the table based on production rules.

Result Extraction: The non-terminals that can generate the entire string will be found

Example of CYK Parsing

Consider the string "cats" and a simple CFG:

S→NPVP

NP→DetN
𝑉

VP→VNP

Det→

the

∣
′

N→

cat

dogs

′
𝑉

V→

chased

The CYK table will be filled iteratively to determine if "cats" can be generated by the grammar.

Diagram of CYK Parsing Process

[0, 3] (S)

/\

[0, 1] [2, 3]

| |

[0, 0] [1, 1]

'c' 'a'

In the above diagram:

The parse table

𝑃
P is populated with valid non-terminals for substrings of "cats".

Each cell is filled based on combinations of non-terminals that can produce the substring.

Benefits of Dynamic Programming in Parsing

Efficiency: Reduces the computational complexity from exponential to polynomial in many cases.

Memory Optimization: By storing intermediate results, the algorithm avoids recalculating values,
speeding up the parsing process.

Ambiguity Handling: Can manage ambiguous grammars by keeping track of multiple parse trees.

Applications in NLP:

Dynamic programming techniques in parsing have broad applications:

Syntax Analysis: Enhances the efficiency of syntactic parsers.

Machine Translation: Aids in aligning phrases across languages.

Speech Recognition: Helps in decoding sequences of spoken words into structured formats.

You might also like