Technology for Teaching and Learning

ICT Competency Standards (CHED – UNESCO) as provided in the 2017, Policy Standard and guidelines
(PSG) for Pre-Service Teacher Education

Demonstrate proficiency in the development and utilization of information, Communication and

Technology (ICT) resources in promoting quality-learning process.

Domain 1: Understanding ICT in Education

1.1 Demonstrate awareness of policies affecting ICT in education

1.2. Comply with ICT policies as they affect teaching-learning

1.3. Contextualize ICT policies to the learning environment

Domain 2: Curriculum and Assessment

2.1 Demonstrate Understanding of concepts, principles and theories of ICT systems as they apply to
teaching-learning

2.2 Evaluate digital and non-digital learning resources in response to student’s diverse needs.

2.3 Develop digital learning resources to enhance teaching-learning

2.4 Use ICT tools to develop 21st century skills: information media and technology skills, learning and
innovation skills, career skills and effective communication skills.

Domain 3: Pedagogy

3.1 Apply relevant technology tools for classroom activities

3.2 Use ICT knowledge to solve complex problems and support student collaborative activities

3.3 Model collaborative knowledge construction in face to face and virtual environments

Domain 4: Technology Tools

4.1 Demonstrate competence in the technical operations of technology Tools and systems as they apply
to teaching and learning

4.2 Use technology tools to create new learning opportunities to support Communities of learners

4.3 Demonstrate proficiency in the use of technology tools to support teaching and learning
Domain 5: Organization and Administration

5.1 Manage technology-assisted instruction in an inclusive classroom environment.

5.2 Exhibit leadership in shared decision-making using technology tools

Domain 6: Teacher Professional Learning

6.1 Explore existing and emerging technology to acquire additional content and pedagogical knowledge

6.2 Utilize technology tools in creating communities of practice

6.3 Collaborate with peers, colleagues and stakeholders to access information in support of professional
learning

Domain 7: Teacher Disposition

7.1 Demonstrate social, ethical, and legal responsibility in the use of technology tools and resources

7.2 Show positive attitude towards the use of technology tools

TECHNOLOGY CONCERNING TEACHING AND LEARNING

 Technology for teaching and learning describes communication, information, and technological
tools used to enhance learning, teaching, and assessment.
 Nowadays, technology integration has gone through advancements and revolutionized our
society, completely changing the way people think, work, and live (Grabe, 2007).
 As part of this, schools and other educational institutions that integrate ICT should be included
in courses meant to educate students to live in a “knowledge society.” curriculum (Ghavifekr,
Afshari & Amla Salleh, 2012).
 Information is processed data and has meaning, and is used for making decisions.
 Technology came from the Latin word “techne” which means art, craft, and skill.

 When these two are combined what we have now is the term information technology which is
used in many fields such as business, medicine, agriculture, and of course education.

BASIC CONCEPTS IN ICT

Technology – refers to a mix of processes and products used in the application of knowledge.
ICT Literacy – use of digital technology, communication tools and/or networks to access, manage,
integrate, evaluate, create and communicate information in order to function in a knowledge society
(Guro 21, 2011)

Educational Technology – refers to the use of technology in teaching and learning, it includes both
digital and non-digital.

Digital Literacy – is the ability to find, evaluate, utilize, share and create contents using information
technologies and the internet. It is also the ability to use information and communication, requiring both
cognitive and technical skills.

Digital Learning – is any type of learning that is accompanied by technology or by instructional practice
that makes effective use of technology.

Online Digital Tools and Apps –telecommunications application software products that specializes in
providing video chat and voice calls between computers, tablets, mobile devises via internet and regular
telephones.

Offline Digital Tools and Apps – software applications that can be used and accessed by both teachers
and students even without the internet.

Instructional Technology – is the theory and practice of design, development, utilization, management,
and evaluation of the processes and resources for learning.

Software – refers to program control instructions and accompanying documents; stored on disks or
tapes when not being used in computers.

Multimedia – the sequential or simultaneous use of a variety of formats in a given presentation or self-
study program.

Internet –a massive network of networks, a network infrastructure. It is generally defined as a global

network connecting millions of computers.

World Wide Web – is a graphical environment on computer networks that allows you to access, view
and maintain documentations that can include text, data, sound and videos of the internet.

Web Access – it is the ability of learners to access the internet at any point during the lesson in order to
take advantage of the array of available educational resources.

Productivity tools – refers to any type of software associated with computers and related technologies
that can be used as tools for personal, professional or classroom productivity.

Technology Tools – instrument used for doing work. It can be anything that help you accomplish your
goal with the use of the technology

Blogs and Vlogs – an online journal where posted information from teachers and students are arranges.
It can be blogs for communication, instruction or both. Vlogs are also journals posted as videos instead
of text
Flipped Classroom – utilizes a reverse instructional delivery, where the teacher is required to use the
web resources as homework or out of class activity as initial instruction of the lesson which will be
discussed during class time.

Google Apps – cloud-based teaching tool which is stored in the google server and is available for
students both at home and in school.

ROLES OF TECHNOLOGY IN TEACHING AND LEARNING

 Technology as a tutor
 Technology as teaching tool
 Technology as a learning tool

For teachers and teaching

 Technology provides enormous support to the teacher as the facilitator of learning

 Technology has modernized the teaching-learning environment
 Technology improves teaching-learning process and ways of teaching
 Technology adds to the competence of teachers and inculcates scientific outlook
 Technology supports teacher professional development

FOR LEARNERS AND LEARNING

 Support learners to learn how to learn on their own

 Declarative knowledge - consist of the discrete pieces of information. that answers the
questions what, who, when, and where. It is often learned through memorization of facts, drills
and practice. It can be learned by simple mnemonics or conceptual maps.
 Structural knowledge - consists of facts or pieces of declarative knowledge put together to
attain some form of meaning.
 Procedural knowledge - is knowledge in action or the knowledge of how to do something. It is
based on facts but learned through the process of procedural knowledge.
 Technology enhances learners' communication skills through social interactions

ICT POLICIES AND ISSUES: IMPLICATIONS TO TEACHING AND LEARNING

“THE FUTURE HAS ARRIVED. NOW WE HAVE TO ENSURE THAT WE HAVE A PLACE IN IT.”

POLICIES AND ISSUES ON INTERNET AND IMPLICATIONS TO TEACHING AND LEARNING

Definition of ICT Policy

The Oxford English Dictionary has defined “policy” as a course of action adopted and pursued by a
government, party, ruler, statesman. It is any course of action adopted as expedient or advantageous.
Its operational definition of policy is a plan of action to guide decisions and achieve outcomes.

Thus, ICT Policies are needed to put a roadmap of course of actions to be pursued and adopted by
various governments, organizations, entities involving ICT. These include principles and guidelines in the
use of ICT which cover three main areas:

Telecommunication (telephone), broadcasting (radio and television), and Internet

THE NEW ICT TECHNOLOGIES

 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY - includes the use of computers, which has become indispensable
in modem societies to process data and save time and effort. What are needed will be computer
hardware and peripherals, software and for the user, computer literacy
 TELECOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES - include telephones with fax and the broadcasting of
radio and television often through satellites. Telephone system, radio and TV broadcasting are
needed in this category.
 NETWORKING TECHNOLOGIES - The best known of networking technologies is internet, but has
extended to mobile phone technology, Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) satellite
communications and other forms of communications are still in their infancy

THE DICT ROADMAP

 The Department of Information and Communication Technology (DICT) has formulated a

roadmap to guide all agencies in the utilization, regulation and enhancement of ICT.
 The ICT for Education (ICT4E) is a program under DICT that supports all the efforts of the
education sector in incorporating the use of ICT as well as in determining and gaining access to
the infrastructure which are necessary to use and deploy learning technologies at all levels of
education. Among the policy recommended programs that have applications to education
teaching-learning are:
 ICT in Education Masterplan for all levels, including a National Roadmap for Faculty
Development in ICT in Education. A National Framework Plan for ICTs in Basic Education was
developed.

2. Content and application development through the Open Content to Education Initiative (OCEI)
which converts DepEd materials into interactive multi-media content, develop applications used in
schools and conduct students and teachers competitions to promote the development of education-
related web content.

3. PheDNET is a “walled” garden that hosts educational learning and teaching materials and
applications for the use by Filipino students, their parents and teachers. All public high school will be
part of this network with only DepEd-approved multi-media applications, materials and mirrored
internet sites accessible from school’s PCs.

 Establish Community eLearning Centers called eSkwela for out-of-school youth (OSY) providing
them with ICT-enhanced alternative education opportunities.
 eQuality program for tertiary education through partnership with universities and colleges
(SUCs) to improve quality of IT education and the use of ICT in education in the country,
particularly outside of Metro Manila.
 Digital Media Arts program which builds digital media skills for government using Open source
technologies. Particular beneficiary agencies include the Philippine Information Agency and the
other government media organizations, the Cultural Center of the Philippines, National
Commission for Culture and Arts and other government art agencies, State Universities and
Colleges and local government units.
 ICT Skills strategic plan which develops an inter-agency approach to identifying strategic and
policy and program recommendation to address ICT skills demand-supply type.

SOME ISSUES ON ICT AND INTERNET POLICY AND REGULATIONS

Issue no. 1: Freedom of Expression and Censorship

Issue no. 2: Privacy and Security

Issue no. 3: Surveillance and Data Retention

Issue no. 4: E-pollutants from E-waste

IMPLICATIONS TO TEACHING AND LEARNING

 Guide the teachers on what they should teach that relate to ICT, and how to teach it. Since ICT
development comes so rapid and fast, teachers might be overwhelmed by its rapid speed.
Temperance in its use is a caution that should be looked at.
 There are rules and regulations that govern the use of technology. Caution should be observed
to protect individual privacy. As teachers, you must be aware that the use of technology may
jeopardize your privacy and security.
 All issues and many more shall be part of the teaching content as each teacher will be
encouraged to use technology in teaching.

IMPLICATION TO LEARNERS AND LEARNING

 The learners of the 21st Century are even more advance than some of the teachers. However,
learners still need guidance on how to use, regulate technology use. As there are positive and
 negative effect of technology use, Learners should not only know the benefits but they should
also know how they can be protected from the hazard that technology brings to their lives.
 Learners should take advantage of the potential of learning support they can derive such as the
development of HOTS, the development of learning communities through collaboration, the
enhancement of skills to manage the vast resources as 21st century learners.

Some Issues on ICT and Internet Policy and Regulations

• Global Issues

 Access and Civil Liberties (human rights and freedom such as freedom of expression, right to
privacy, right to communicate, and intellectual property right)
 Access to the Use of Internet and ICT (access means the possibility for everyone to use the
internet and other media.
 Infringement to Civil Liberties or Human Rights (internet issues on internet policy tat have
relationship to human rights)

Issue No. 1: Freedom of Expression and Censorship

 The UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights provides that everyone has the right to freedom
of thought, conscience and religion.

Practices that violates these provision:

1. Individual rights are given up in order to have access to electronic networks

2. Censorship restricts the transmission of information by blocking it or filtering the information.

3. Defamation actions may be used to silence critics. This actions deters the freedom of expression.

Issue No. 2: Privacy and Security

Most commercial sites have privacy policy.

Several type of privacy

1. Personal Privacy, the right of individuals not to have their home, private life or personal life interfered
with.

2. Privacy of Communication, protection from interference with communication over the phone or
internet.

3. Information privacy, related to the use of computers and communication system which are able to
hold and process information about the large numbers of people at a high speed.
Issue No. 3 Surveillance and Data Retention

 Indirect Surveillance, there is no direct contact between the agent and the subject of
surveillance but evidence of activities can be traced.
 Dataveillance, the use of personal information to monitor a person's activities
 Data retention, the storage and use of information from communication systems.

"counter surveillance or information security", prevent surveillance if it is refers to computer and e-

communication.

Issue No. 4: E-pollutants from E-waste

 Large amount of e-waste is generated by ICT. These are in particular, terminal equipment used
for computing (PCs, laptops), broadcasting (television and radiosets), telephony (fixed and
mobile phones), and peripherals (fax machines, printers and scanners).
 Remedies include standardization and regulatory measures to increase the life cycle of
equipment before they become obsolete.

Implication to teaching and Learning

How do the policy guidelines, projects and issues relate to the teaching and learning?

For the Teachers and Teaching

1. Guide the teachers on what they should teach that relate to ICT, and how to teach it.

2. Technology should never replace any human teacher.

3. There are rules and regulation that govern the use of technology.

4. All issues and many more shall be part of the teaching content as each teacher will be encouraged to
use technology in teaching.

For the Learners and Learning

1. Learners still need guidance on how to use, regulate technology use.

2. Learners should know the difference between the positive and negative effect of technology use.

3. Learners should also know how they can be protected from hazards that technology brings to their
life.
4. Learners should take advantage of the potential learning support they can derive.

LESSON 2: SAFETY ISSUES ON THE USE OF ICT INCLUDING E- SAFETY RULES

Some Risks in the Use of ICT and e-Networking

1. Exposure to inappropriate content, including on-line pornography, extremism (exposure to violence

associated with racist language);

2. Lifestyle websites like self-harms and suicide sites and hates sites;

3. Cyber-bullying in all forms, receiving sexually explicit images or messages;

4. Privacy issues including disclosure of personal information;

5. Health and well being (among of time spent on-line, internet gaming and many more);

6. Prolonged exposure to on-line technologies, particularly at an early age;

7. Addiction to gambling and gaming;

8. Theft and fraud from activities such as phishing;

9. Viruses, Trojans, spyware and other malware; and

10. Social pressure to maintain online networks via texting and social networking sites.

Minor Misuse of ICT

In school, some minor misuse made by learners:

➤ Copying information into assignment and failing to acknowledge the source (plagiarism and copyright
infringement).

➤ Downloading materials not relevant to their studies.

➤ Misconduct associated with subject logins, such as someone else's password

➤ Leaving a mobile phone turned on during class period

➤ Unauthorized taking of pictures or images with mobile phone camera, still or moving.

e-Safety

• Takes care not only of internet technologies but also electronic communications via mobile phones,
games consoles and wireless technology
eSafety Tips

1 People you don't know are strangers. They're not always who they say they are.

2. Be nice to people like you would on the playground.

3. Keep your personal information private.

4. If you ever get that 'uh oh' feeling, tell a grown-up you trust.

Some issues of e-safety

e-safety helps safeguard children and young people in the digital world;

e-safety emphasizes learning to understand and new technologies in a positive ways;

e-safety educates children about the risks as well as the benefits so we can feel confident online;

e-safety supports young learners and adults to develop safer online behaviors, both in and out of school.

Network Management

1. Safety in the Use of Network in School

1.1. Make clear that no one should log on as another user.

1.2. Require all users to always log off when they have finished working.

1.3. Maintain equipment to ensure health and safety.

1.4. Provide students with access to content and resources through guided e-learning.

1.5. Set up a clear disaster recovery system in place for critical data that include secure, remote back up
of critical data.

1.6. Secure wireless network to appropriate standards suitable for educational use.

1.7. Install all computer equipment professionally and meet health and safety standards.

1.8. Review the school ICT system regularly with regard to health and safety and security.

2. Password Policy

2.1. Only authorized users will have individual passwords.

3. Personal mobile phones and mobile devices

3.1. All mobile phones shall be kept away in a box from the learners and access is only allowed at
breaktime or at the end of classes or when needed during the class period.

4. Cameras

4.1. Taking pictures only from parents or caregivers and not from any other family members or friend
while the child attends class.

4.2. Any picture taken of children shall be on cameras solely for the purpose.

Setting Up An Educational Technology Room

1. Provide tiltable tables.

2. Provide anti-glare screen filters.

3. Provide adjustable chairs.

4. Provide foot support.

5. Make sure lighting is suitable.

6. Make sure work stations are not cramped.

7. Plan work at a computers so that there are frequent breaks.

More specifically safety rules that can reduce risk of accidents in the working stations should include:

1. No trailing wires across or around the room which people can trip.

2. Electrical sockets should not be overload.

3. Electrical equipment should be safety-tested at least once a year.

4. There should be adequate space around desk for people to move.

5. Bags and obstacles should be stored out of the way.

6. Foods and drinks should not be placed near machines.

7. Heating and ventilation should be suitable for the working environment.

8. Fire extinguishers should be available.

9. Fire exits should be clearly marked and free from clutter.

4.1 Non-Digital or Conventional Technology Tools for Teaching and Learning

What is non-digital instructional materials?

Instructional materials are print and non-print items that are rested to Impact information to students in
the educational process (Effiong & Igin, 2015)

 Teachers need instructional materials to enhance teaching and learning.

 Examples of Instructional materials are drawings, kits, textbooks, posters, magazines, flip chart,
newspapers, diorama, pictures, recording videos and the like.

Roles of Instructional materials:

1. They promote meaningful communications and effective learning

2. They ensure better retention, thus making learning more. permanent

3. They help to overcome the limited classroom by making the inaccessible accessible

4. They provide a common experience upon which late learning can be developed

5. They encourage participation especially if students are allowed to manipulate materials used. (Brown
et al., Effiong & Igiri, 2015) Instructional materials are the supplementary materials, which help the
teacher make his/her presentation concrete, effective, interesting, meaningful and inspiring.

 Instructional materials play a vital role of providing sensory experiences to the learners
 The primary aim of teaching materials is to provide the teachers the Tayout of the way for
teaching in the classroom.
 According to Wright (1976:1) as cited in Cakir (2006). All audio-visual materials, have positive
contributions to language learning as long as they are used at the right time, in the right place.
 In the teaching and learning process, learners use their eyes as well as their ears; but their eyes
are basic in learning.

Different types of non-digital or conventional technology tools for teaching and learning:

1. Writing board

- A writing board can display information written with chalk. (chalkboard or blackboard) or whiteboard.

2. Diorama

- Dioramas are small scenes created of layers of materials, all depicting a similar concept or theme.

- They usually display a historical time period, a nature scene, or a fictional situation
3. Nature table

- This is a table that contains objects and/or scenes related to the current season, or upcoming festival
or a symbol of an ecosyste.

- Children love to follow the natural changes that the world offers each month and classroom
decorations reflect these...

4. Flip chart

- It is a large or pad of paper, usually on a tripod or stand.

5. Zigzag board

- It is a multi-board series of three or four rectangular boards. They are joined together along the sides
by hinges so that they can be easily folded up and carried.

- Each board can be of a different type, for example, a whiteboard, a chalkboard, a flannel board and so
on. The size of the boards for the zigzag multi-board depends on what you want to use them for.

6. Board Display Wall/ Wall Display

- A wall display is a collection of many different types of items. and materials put up on a wall to make
an interesting and informative display.

- In a classroom, the display can consist of the students' own work.

- In development work it can be used to convey information to the community.

7. Rope and Pole Display Board

- This board is consists of two parallel, horizontal poles and tied loosely together with rope...

- Visual aids such as posters can be pinned to the rope.

- This kind of display board is invaluable where there are few solid walls for displaying information.

- It has no solid backing and can be made quickly for teaching, and when working with communities
training.

4.2 DIGITAL AND NON-CONVENTIONAL INSTRUCTIONAL SUPPORT FOR LEARNING AND TEACHING
Digital Learning Tools include a wide variety of applications, websites and learning platforms that
facilitate learning by connecting students, teachers and even parents, Digital Learning Tools can assist
teachers and students with teaching, learning and communication. Digital Learning Tools are mostly
accessed via the Intemet but can be used at home or in a school setting. They can help students to
deeply understand the shared content of their teachers.

A. Using Mobile Phone and the QR Code

QR CODE - QR stands for "Quick Response". It is a code that was created by a Japanese corporation
Denso-Wave in 1994. Effectively and efficiently connecting the physical world with electronic world.

Ten Interesting Ways to Integrate QR codes in your Teaching:

1. Create Interactive and Engaging Content.

2. Share Resources

3. Use in Classroom Activities.

4. Provide help with Homework

5. Communicate with Parents or Partners

6. Scavenger Hunt

7. Enhance Classroom Library

8, Gather Students Feedback

9. Research Project

10. Provide easy Access to Online Content

Interesting ways to integrate QR code

Steps on how to make QR Code:

1. Download QR Code Generator in Google Play Store or App Store.

2. Select which type You may choose from URL, Plain Text, PDF, Images, Email, SMS, WiFi and Bitcoin.

3. Fill in the details -- Enter all the information in the fields that appear. This could be a link, contact
information, text or any other type of info.
4. Download the QR Code -- You may choose to have standard black and white design or choose colors
and frames to make it more pleasant to eyes. Then you can proceed to "download" to finish your QR
Code.

B. Using Laptop and the Infographics

 Infographic - is a visual representation or an image such as a diagram, chart or picture

representing information or data. It is eye-catching and makes use of a clear layout, attractive
colors and hues, and caricatures that provide a cohesive presentation of the information.
 Canva - is a tool that can be used in creating info graphics. It has several infographics templates
for education.

There are many ways for which info graphics can be used:

1. To present Survey Data

2. To Simplify a Complex Concept

3. To explain how something Functions

4. To Compare

5. To present Interesting Facts

C. E-Portfolio as a Tool

-- Has been used to facilitate, document, and achieve students learning,

-- Example: Ipad/Tablet and Online Bulletin Board

 Online Bulletin Board is a way of presenting ideas with a twist and interest with no cost at all.
 Padlet is an online multimedia bulletin boards where students and teachers can share and
collaborate with each other.