CIV 321

Site Management
WEEK #7 Lecture – Integration of Building Information
Modeling into Construction Management
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Contact: [email protected]
What is Building Information
Modeling (BIM)?
• A three-dimensional digital representation of the building process.

 Which phases?

o design, construction, and operations of a facility.

 What for?

o to facilitate the exchange and interoperability of information.

 Which format?

o in a digital format.

• BIM enables the creation of a digital model of a building or a facility

 using intelligent objects,

 that can be shared among project team members,

 to enhance communication and collaboration.

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What is Building Information
Modeling (BIM)?
• BIM definitions are defined in the literature as follows:

 BIM is a computer-aided modeling technology for the purpose of

managing the information of a construction project focusing on
the production, communication, and analysis of building
information models.

 A BIM is a digital representation of the physical and functional

characteristics of a facility. As such, it serves as a common
source of information for knowledge about a facility and provides
a reliable basis for decisions throughout its life cycle from
inception.

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What is Building Information
Modeling (BIM)?
• BIM is a method that enables the networked planning, execution,
and management of buildings.

• It creates a digital representation, i.e. a 3D model, that contains

information on the physical and functional features of a building.

• The information is collected centrally in one place and is thus

accessible to everyone involved.

• The building data model, with all its information, is a reliable

basis for decision-making during the entire life cycle of the
building, from conception to deconstruction.

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What is not Building Information
Modeling (BIM)?
• BIM is not just about 3D (although that is part of it).
• BIM is not a faster version of Computer Aided Design (CAD) nor it is
a faster way to make 3D models.
• BIM is not a thing, it is a process.
• BIM is not a single building model or a single database.
• BIM is not just for architects.
• BIM is not a replacement for people.
• BIM is not perfect, people input data into BIM, and sometimes they
can incorrectly enter data.
• The big preconception about BIM is that it’s purely about one piece
of software. However, BIM is not a product or proprietary software
program (i.e. Revit, ArchiCAD, Bentley).
 An integrated process built on coordinated, reliable information
about a project from design through construction and into
operations.

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History of BIM
• Before 1980: Paper – based

• After 1980: CAD and Computers

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History of BIM
• 2003: BIM

• 1986 Robert Aish from Generative Components

 Building Modeling

• Van Nederveen, G.A..; Tolman, F.P. (1992). ‘‘Modeling multiple views of buildings’’.
 Building Information Model

• Jerry Laiserin, Autodesk (2003). Building Information Modeling. San Rafael, CA,
Autodesk, Inc.
 BIM

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History of BIM

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BIM Aspects
• Integrated Project Delivery System

 Integrated project delivery (IPD) is a growing approach for

delivering projects that unify different disciplines’ efforts and
integrate all parties including project managers, designers,
engineers, systems, and practices into a collaborative process.

 A BIM-based IPD approach provides many advantages

throughout the construction project lifecycle. With an integrated
collaborative approach, the project team can effectively monitor,
evaluate, and review the project, make decisions when
necessary, resolve conflicts and disputes, and successfully
execute the project.

 IPD is an integrative approach to project management and BIM

is a technological interface that facilitates this process.

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BIM Aspects
• Unique Language

 The Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) were developed to build

a vast set of consistent data representations of building
information for exchange between different software in the
construction industry. This is a holistic approach that considers
all phases of a construction project life cycle.

 IFC was developed by BuildingSMART and aims to develop a

common data schema that facilitates data exchange between
various BIM applications.

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BIM Aspects
• Technical Aspects

 BIM has some specific features that can effectively be used in

project management. These features are as follows;

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 BIM vs. PMBOK Knowledge Areas
• The capabilities of BIM on construction
projects correspond to the PMBOK
knowledge areas since the nature and
role of each item are alike. Therefore,
BIM can be considered an effective and
powerful tool in project management in
the construction industry.

• As can be seen in the figure, the BIM

aspects described in the previous section
correspond to the project management
knowledge areas.

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BIM Benefits
• Enhanced project collaboration and control among stakeholders,

• Improved productivity (less re-work, conflicts, and changes),

• Better project quality and performance,

• Faster project delivery,

• Reduced wastage,

• Reduced construction costs,

• New revenue and business opportunities.

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BIM Challenges
• Technical challenges, which are generally conflicts and issues
regarding data sharing among team parties and BIM software
problems,

• Skills and training challenges, which are mainly about training

project team members and improving their skills,

• Legal and procedural challenges, which refer to the lack of a

standard and legal definition for BIM professional responsibilities,

• Cost challenges, which sometimes hinder the construction firms

from changing and upgrading their current systems to a BIM-
oriented system.

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Why is BIM Needed?
1. Early detection of design flaws

2. Centralized electronic data environment

3. Providing advanced project management process

4. Providing the opportunity for amorphous buildings to work

5. Point cloud

6. Analysis in projects with various purposes

7. Facility operation

8. Marketing

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 LOD:
It refers to a standardized framework
for defining the amount of detail and
accuracy that should be included in a
BIM at different stages of a project.

What is LOD?
• LOD: Level of Detail / Development

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LOD Example

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 IAI: International Alliance for Interoperability.
BIM: Building Information Modeling.

LOD Definitions (IAI and BIM

Forum)
• LOD 100: The Model Element may be graphically represented in the Model with a symbol or other
generic representation, but does not satisfy the requirements for LOD 200. Information related to the
Model Element (i.e., cost per square foot, tonnage of HVAC, etc.) can be derived from other Model
Elements.

• LOD 200: The Model Element is graphically represented within the Model as a generic system, object,
or assembly with approximate quantities, size, shape, location, and orientation. Non-graphic
information may also be attached to the Model Element.

• LOD 300: The Model Element is graphically represented within the Model as a specific system, object,
or assembly in terms of quantity, size, shape, location, and orientation. Non-graphic information
may also be attached to the Model Element.

• LOD 350: The Model Element is graphically represented within the Model as a specific system, object,
or assembly in terms of quantity, size, shape, orientation, and interface with other building
systems. Non-graphic information may also be attached to the Model Element.

• LOD 400: The Model Element is graphically represented within the Model as a specific system, object, or
assembly in terms of size, shape, location, quantity, and orientation with detailing, fabrication,
assembly, and, installation information. Non-graphic information may also be attached to the Model
Element.

• LOD 500: The Model Element is a field-verified (one-to-one) representation in terms of size, shape,
location, quantity, and orientation. Non-graphic information may also be attached to the Model
Element.
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BIM Dimensions

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3D BIM
• Model Checking

• Code checking: The verification of the model adherence to

the project and to standards requirements.

• Clash detection: The preventive analysis of the possible

geometric conflicts present in the model.

• Visualization: Process of creating a virtual representation of

the project.

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4D BIM
• Scheduling

• The time dimension added to BIM Software to manage work

schedules.

• Planning the building site properly.

• Reducing disputes and unnecessary delays.
• Early detection of conflicts.

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5D BIM
• Quantity and Cost Estimation

• Consists of the measurements extraction from a project to

define the material/s quantity necessary for cost estimation
and analysis.
• Visualization costing with real-time data.

• Regular cost reporting.

• Optimized cost.
• Controlling budgetary offshoot.

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6D BIM
• Sustainability Assessment

• Associated with energy efficiency and sustainable

development of new or existing buildings.

• Optimum energy consumption.

• Energy-efficiency.
• Eco-efficiency.

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7D BIM
• Operations and Facility Management

• The operational management and maintenance of the

building and its components throughout its life cycle.

• Monitoring the management of the facility.

• Repair of a building.
• Maintenance process.

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8D BIM
• Safety on the Construction Site

• The dimension that adds safety information to the

geometric model, allowing to predict risks during the
construction process and identifying activities to be
implemented to improve safety at work and prevent
accidents.

• It is possible to visualize the construction site before

construction, enabling effective analysis of all possible
scenarios to prevent hazards and other issues.

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9D BIM
• Lean Construction

• The dimension of BIM that optimizes and streamlines all

the steps involved in the implementation of a project
through process digitization.
• Lean construction is an approach that enables efficient
management of resources and involves monitoring the use
of raw materials in order to minimize the incidence of
waste. By constantly monitoring these resources, strategies
can be created to effectively convert what would be waste,
material fragments, or odd pieces into something that adds
value to the whole.

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10D BIM
• Construction Industrialization

• Aims to industrialize and make the construction sector

more productive thanks to the integration of new
technologies and physical, commercial, environmental, or
other types of data.
• It is possible to achieve 10D BIM through the use of tools
for the digitization of civil construction such as the BIM
management system, which makes it possible to align all
those involved in the construction life cycle and optimize
each phase.

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BIM Software
• AutoCAD

• Navisworks

• Infurnia
• Vectorworks Architect
• Autodesk Revit
• Autodesk BIM360
• ALLPLAN

• Tekla BIMsight

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AutoCAD

- Versatility - Cost
- Precision - Steep learning curve
- Efficiency - Large file size
- Collaboration - Limited
- Accessibility interoperability
- Limited 3D modeling
capabilities

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Navisworks

- Improved coordination - Complexity

- Enhanced collaboration - Expensive
- Better visualization - Hardware
- Time and cost savings requirements
- Limited
interoperability

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Infurnia

- Easy to use - Cost

- Wide range of features - Limited object library
- Collaborative design - Internet connection
- Integrated marketplace - Limited file import
- Real-time rendering options
- Training required

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Vectorworks
Architect

- Versatility - Cost
- User-friendly interface - Steep learning curve
- Compatibility - Limited features for
- Rich library complicated architecture
- Collaboration - Limited third-party
add-ons
- Resource-intensive

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Autodesk Revit

- Time-saving - Steep learning curve

- Visualization - High cost
- Cost-effective - Hardware
- Efficiency requirements
- Limited compatibility
- Limited flexibility

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Autodesk BIM360

- Collaboration - Complexity
- Coordination - Cost
- Real-time access - Technological
- Scalability dependence
- Cost saving - Data security concerns
- Integration

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ALLPLAN

- Comprehensive design - Steep learning curve

solution - Expensive
- Powerful drawing and - System requirements
modeling tools
- Limited compatibility
- High-level coordination
- Maintenance and
- Enhanced workflows support
- Simplified project
management

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Tekla BIMsight

- Collaboration - Complexity
- Accurate model reviews - Limited design
- Visualization capabilities
- Improved - Limited customization
communication options
- Cost-effective - System requirements
- Limited file type
support

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Q&A

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