Rohan Sethi IPM03131 [email protected].

in

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGMENT, ROHTAK

(Batch 2021-26)
Business Internship Organization:
NASSCOM

Name: Rohan Sethi

Roll Number: IPM03131
Email: [email protected]
Company ID: [email protected]
Reporting manager: Vandhna Babu, Sneha
Sharma
Designation: Senior Manager and Manager-
Insights
Faculty accolated: Dr. Ashwani Kumar
Faculty email id:
[email protected]
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Rohan Sethi IPM03131 [email protected]

Certificate of Originality

I hereby certify that the content presented in this Business

Internship Report, is entirely original and has been produced solely
by me, Rohan Sethi, during the course of my internship at Nasscom.
All ideas, concepts, analyses, findings, conclusions, and
recommendations presented herein are the result of my
independent work and research efforts conducted under the
guidance of Vandhna Babu and Sneha Sharma, my internship
supervisors. I affirm that all sources used in the preparation of this
report have been appropriately cited and referenced in accordance
with academic and professional standards. Furthermore, I
acknowledge that any contributions from external sources, including
published literature, data, or insights obtained from discussions with
colleagues, have been duly credited and acknowledged. I take full
responsibility for the integrity and originality of this report and affirm
that no part of it has been plagiarized or copied from any other
source.

Name of Student: Rohan Sethi

Email ID: [email protected]

Roll Number: IPM03131

Designation: Research Intern

Name of Company: Nasscom

Internship Manager Sign of Student

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About My Guide

Dr. Ashwani Kumar is an Assistant Professor of Operations Management at the Indian

Institute of Management, Rohtak. He received a doctorate in operations management from
the Department of Management Studies at IIT Roorkee in India. He received an MHRD
fellowship for his doctoral program. He holds a master's degree in production and industrial
engineering. His academic career spans five years.

He has published over 15 research papers in reputable journals and conferences, with A*/A
ratings in the ABDC, SCI, SSCI, ABS, Scopus, and ESCI indices. He also serves as a
reviewer for a number of reputable periodicals.[1]

LinkedIn: https://in.linkedin.com/in/dr-ashwani-kumar-34243b165

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABOUT THE ORGANISATION
Organization Brief 5
Mission
Vision
Location
Nasscom 10,000 business program 6
Organization structure 7
Sustainable side of Nasscom Office 8
More about Nasscom Headquarters 9
INTRODUCTION
Overview of the Project 10
Problem Statement 10
Research Methodology 10
scope 10
FUNDAMENTALS OF CLOUD COMPUTING
Definition 11
Importance of cloud computing 11
Cloud Architecture 12
Cloud Architecture Components 13
1. Frontend
2. Back end
CLOUD BASED SERVICE MODELS 14

CLOUD DEPLOYMENT MODEL 15

CLOUD COMPUTING LANDSCAPE IN INDIA
The current state of computing adoption in India 18
4 Sector -wise analysis on cloud usage 19
1. Banking
2. Healthcare and Life Sciences
3. E-commerce and Retail Business
GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
Government Policies 22
1. The Digital India Mission
2. GI Cloud
23
Regulations governing privacy in cloud computing
Government initiatives
24
1. The bhudhaar Project
2. The national science Service

GLOBAL CASE STUDIES

Few Examples 25
1. Netflix
2. Airbnb
3. JPMorgan Chase
4. HSBC
26
Recommendations and strategies for end users
IMPACT OF GENERATIVE AI ON CLOUD
Overview on GenAI and its capabilities 27
Benefits to end users with this integration 27
CONCLUSION 29
NASSCOM REPORT AND LIMITATION 30
NASSCOM’S VIEW
The perspective of Nasscom 31
Future of Cloud 32
APPENDIX
Definitions 33
Abbreviations 33
Bibliography 34
Refences and sources 34
Rohan Sethi IPM03131 [email protected]

About the organization

Nasscom
Organization Brief

Nasscom, is a non-profit trade association and the apex body for the Indian IT and business process
management (BPM) industry. Established in 1988 and headquartered in New Delhi, India, Nasscom
plays a crucial role in representing and advocating for the interests of the IT sector. The association
engages with government bodies and policymakers to shape policies that support the growth of the
industry, promoting the Indian IT sector both domestically and internationally. Nasscom fosters
collaboration and networking among its members, organizing events and conferences to facilitate
knowledge sharing. Skill development initiatives are also a focus for Nasscom, aiming to bridge the
industry's skill gap and establish quality standards for the IT services sector. The membership of
Nasscom includes a wide range of IT companies, multinational corporations, business process
management service providers, technology start-ups, and industry stakeholders.[2][3]

Mission
“To help the technology products and services industry in India to be trustworthy and innovative
across the globe.”
Vision
“When the world thinks, Digital, the world will think India.”
Location
Main office: Plot No, 7 to 10, Raipur Khadar, Sector 126, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303
Landline: +91-120-4990119

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Nasscom Offices throughout India

S. No. Nasscom Offices in India

1. Bengaluru

2. Chennai

3. Hydabad

4. Kochi

5. Kolkata

6. Mumbai

7. NCR

8. Pune

9. Thiruvananthapuram

10. Gujarat

11. Gurugram

12. Vishakhapatnam

Nasscom 10,000 Businesses Program

During my internship at Nasscom, I learned about the remarkable 10,000 Startups project. Launched
in 2013, this program intended to incubate, fund, and develop 10,000 technology-based businesses
across India over a ten-year period. I realized that it is India's largest network for linking digital
entrepreneurs to important ecosystem actors, including accelerators, businesses, and industry
groups.
I was surprised to find that the program shortlists IT firms based on their product emphasis, which
might be pure software or a combination of hardware and software. The chosen firms are given full
assistance, including investment, incubation, acceleration, mentorship, industry contacts, and
showcase opportunities. I was intrigued by the virtual incubation program, which yearly assists over
400 early to mid-stage entrepreneurs by providing them with the necessary resources and contacts
to flourish. Notably, the 10,000 Startups program has now evolved into a deeptech program,
reflecting Nasscom's commitment to driving deep tech innovation and growth in the Indian
technology sector. This transition signifies a powerful shift towards fostering the development of
deep tech products, enabling the Indian IT ecosystem to compete on a global scale.[4][5]

Some Examples under Nasscom 10,000 Businesses Program

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Organization structure of Nasscom

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Sustainable side of Nasscom Office

I had the honor of seeing firsthand Nasscom's steadfast dedication to advancing environmental
responsibility and sustainability in all parts of the business. The office infrastructure is the
foundation of the work; it is a shining example of sustainable methods. Every element of the office,
from the use of environmentally friendly materials to the installation of water-saving technologies
and energy-efficient lighting, has been carefully planned to reduce our environmental impact.

Their commitment to sustainability, however, doesn't end there. They are always working to
minimize, whether it's through our extensive recycling and waste management programs or our use
of renewable energy sources. Some of the practices are as follows:

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More about the Nasscom Headquarters

Nasscom is the leading trade association and chamber of commerce for the Indian tech sector. The
Data Security Council of India (DSCI) and the Nasscom Foundation are the other two sister
organizations of Nasscom These groups are essential to Nasscom's goal of promoting sustainability,
growth, and change in the Indian tech industry.

Nasscom, DSCI, and the Nasscom Foundation work together to promote a flourishing, accountable,
and socially conscious technology sector in India through this integrated ecosystem. The synergies
between these organizations allow for a thorough approach to handling the many opportunities and
difficulties that the Indian digital sector faces.

Nasscom Foundation
The Nasscom Foundation is in the forefront of using technology to advance social justice and
promote equitable development throughout India. The organization, which serves as Nasscom’s
social arm, is dedicated to using technology to solve some of the most important social issues the
country is currently experiencing. The Nasscom Foundation works relentlessly to close the digital
gap, equip vulnerable populations with digital skills, and spark significant social change through
creative collaborations and projects. The foundation's programs support entrepreneurship, digital
literacy, education, and sustainable development with the goal of building a more just and
prosperous society. The Nasscom Foundation is committed to using technology for the benefit of
society, and it keeps making significant contributions to creating a better future for everybody.[6]

DSCI
Nasscom's Data Security Council of India (DSCI) stands as a cornerstone in India's journey towards
ensuring robust cybersecurity practices and data protection standards. As an integral arm of
Nasscom, DSCI plays a pivotal role in fostering a secure and resilient cyber ecosystem through its
comprehensive range of initiatives. From advocating for policy frameworks that safeguard digital
assets to offering cutting-edge training and certification programs, DSCI serves as a beacon of
expertise and guidance for both industry stakeholders and government bodies. Through its tireless
efforts, DSCI not only enhances the cybersecurity posture of organizations across sectors but also
bolsters India's position as a global leader in cybersecurity and data protection. As it is a secret
Council, I was not allowed to visit the same and was given an overview of their working.

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Introduction

Overview of the project

Cloud computing has emerged as a cornerstone technology in the rapidly changing digital world,
helping to reshape the way organizations run and develop. I have created this paper with Nasscom,
and its team, and it looks into the fundamental principles of cloud computing, emphasizing its crucial
role in today's technologically driven world. We start by looking at the fundamentals of cloud
computing, explaining its main principles and the critical role it plays in allowing organizations to
achieve more efficiency, scalability, and agility.

The paper concludes by categorizing the many types of cloud services and deployment patterns,
offering a full overview of the alternatives available to enterprises and how they may be exploited to
suit specific business goals. This segmentation is critical for decision-makers looking to customize
cloud solutions that correspond with their strategic goals.

Through data security, cost reduction, and operational efficiency, cloud computing has impacted
various sectors such as financial services, healthcare, and retail. Through innovative banking
services, it provides security, cost savings, scalability, and better customer experiences. Cloud
computing allows secure data storage, real-time patient record access, and improved telemedicine
capabilities, improving patient care and lowering operational expenses. It supports sustainability,
data security, inventory management, and Omni channel commerce in retail.

The purpose of this paper is to present a clear, comprehensive, and accessible overview of cloud
computing and its relevance across diverse fields. By assessing the existing landscape and future
prospects, we want to provide essential insights that will help organizations and stakeholders
navigate the cloud computing ecosystem efficiently.

Problem Statement
Despite the tremendous expansion and acceptance of cloud computing in India, which has been
spurred by digital transformation programs in a variety of industries, major difficulties exist that
prevent it from reaching its full potential. The incorporation of developing technologies such as
Generative AI into cloud platforms adds new levels of complexity, notably in terms of data privacy,
security concerns, and the requirement for specialized expertise. This integration, although
promising to improve efficiency, scalability, and creativity, poses serious questions about ethical AI
use, data management, and ensuring that these advanced technologies are accessible and helpful to
all sectors of the economy.

Research Methodology
This study's research methodology includes an in-depth review of existing cloud computing
literature, with an emphasis on the current landscape and future prospects The method being used
is exploratory in nature, aiming to offer a comprehensive review of the topic from technological,
business, and societal viewpoints.

Scope
The scope of this research study is to provide a detailed analysis of the current condition and future
possibilities of cloud computing in India. The study intends to investigate the underlying concepts of
cloud computing, its role in improving organizational efficiency, scalability, and agility, as well as the
many types of cloud services and deployment patterns available to corporations. My study
concentrates on India, exploring current trends and challenges in implementing cloud computing
technology. It also explores the role of organizations like Nasscom in driving cloud computing
adoption, as well as the impact of cloud computing on the Indian market.

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Fundamentals Of Cloud Computing

Definition
Cloud computing is a technology allowing individuals and businesses to access and use computing
resources such as servers, storage, databases, networking, software, and analytics over the internet
rather than physically installing them on their own personal computers or local servers. Essentially, it
enables users to store data and programs on remote servers and access them via the internet. This
means that the data and programs are not kept on a single computer, but are managed by service
providers in several locations, making them accessible from any device with an internet connection.
This technique offers flexibility, scalability, and cost-effectiveness because consumers typically pay
only for the resources they use and can easily adjust their consumption based on current demands
without requiring a significant upfront investment in hardware and infrastructure. Cloud
computing's fundamental features include scalability, elasticity, agility, high availability, and fault
tolerance.[9][12]

Importance and Relevance of Cloud Computing in the post covid and Gen AI world [10] [11] [13]
Cloud computing gives companies internet-based, on-demand access to computing resources, it has
completely changed how companies run. It provides so many advantages that improve productivity,
scalability, and creativity, and this technology has become essential in the contemporary world.

1. Cost efficiency and flexibility

Pay-as-you-go models made possible by cloud computing let companies cut capital costs on
infrastructure and software. Companies employ this flexibility pay for the resources they
use, which can be adjusted to suit demand. Since this approach decreases continuing
maintenance expenses and does away with the requirement for large initial investments, it
is an affordable option for companies of all sizes.

2. Improved Mobility and Collaboration

When several people can access and collaborate on documents and projects at the same
time from any place with an internet connection, cloud computing promotes better
collaboration. In the age of remote work, this feature is especially helpful since it enables
teams to remain productive and connected no matter where they are physically located.
Cloud services improve mobility and cooperation as seen by tools like Google Drive,
Dropbox, and Microsoft Office 365.

3. Agile and Scalable

Scalability of cloud computing is one of its main benefits. Companies don't have to make
physical infrastructure changes to easily scale their IT resources to meet shifting needs. This
agility enables businesses to innovate constantly, deploy new applications quickly, and react
quickly to changes in the market. Capacity to adjust resources as needed guarantees that
companies can effectively manage peak loads and sustain excellent performance

4. Enhanced Security and Disaster Recovery [15]

Cloud computing provides sophisticated security features and robust disaster recovery
solutions that are often unavailable in traditional on-premises systems. Cloud service
providers secure critical information with strict security methods such as data encryption,
access limits, and frequent security audits. Furthermore, cloud platforms offer dependable
disaster recovery alternatives, guaranteeing that data is backed up and easily restored in the
case of a system failure or cyberattack. This degree of security and resilience helps
businesses preserve their essential data and maintain continuity even during unplanned
disruptions.
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Cloud architecture [18] [21]

Cloud architecture is the design and arrangement of the technological components that comprise
cloud computing systems. It entails the configuration of both frontend and backend platforms, as
well as the network and delivery models required for cloud services. This design is critical for
realizing the full value of cloud computing, which includes scalability, flexibility, and resource
optimization.

Cloud Architecture

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Cloud Architecture Components

1. Frontend
End users engage with the frontend of the cloud architecture. It comprises the user interfaces and
client-side applications required to use cloud services. Common frontend components are:
- User Interfaces (UIs): These are visual components that allow users to engage with cloud
services, such as a cloud service's dashboard.
- Client Devices: These can be laptops, mobile devices, or any other device that allows
people to access the cloud.
- Web Browsers and Applications:
Web browsers and specialized cloud apps connect to the cloud and request services.

2. Backend
The backend refers to the cloud infrastructure where data and services are managed. It is
accountable for the storage, protection, and handling of data, as well as for processing requests
from the frontend. The essential elements of the backend consist of:

- Servers are either physical or virtual machines that are used to store and process data.
- Storage Cloud-based systems that utilize databases or file storage systems to store data.
- The network refers to the underlying infrastructure that facilitates the connection
between the frontend and backend systems. This infrastructure might be either the
internet or a specialized network.
- Security systems refer to a set of tools and protocols designed to safeguard data and
services by preventing unwanted access and assaults.
- Management Software: The software designed to facilitate the management and
surveillance of cloud resources.

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Cloud-based service models [16] ]19] [21]

The cloud-based service models are as follows

1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) refers to a cloud computing model where virtualized

computing resources, such as servers, storage, and networking, are provided to users over
the internet.
2. Platform as a Service (PaaS) refers to a cloud computing model where a provider offers a
platform for developing, testing, and deploying applications.
3. Software as a Service (SaaS) is a cloud computing model where a provider offers software
applications via the internet on a subscription basis.
4. Everything as a service (Xaas) refers to the delivery of various services, tools, and resources
over the internet through cloud computing models, rather than traditional on-premises
methods

1. IaaS
IaaS, short for Infrastructure as a Service, offers virtualized physical computer resources that can
be accessed over the Internet. It provides organizations with the utmost degree of freedom and
managerial authority over their IT resources, enabling them to lease gear such as servers,
storage, and networking technologies. Users of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) have the ability
to oversee operating systems, storage, and installed applications. However, they do not have the
authority to oversee or control the underlying cloud infrastructure. Some examples of
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) providers are Amazon Web Services (AWS) EC2, Google
Compute Engine (GCE), and Microsoft Azure.

2. PaaS
Platform as a Service (PaaS) eliminates the requirement for enterprises to oversee the
foundational infrastructure, such as hardware and operating systems, enabling them to
concentrate on the deployment and administration of applications. Developers might benefit
from this service since it offers a framework that enables them to design and customize apps.
Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) solutions oversee the underlying infrastructure, while users are
responsible for managing the applications and data. Some examples of platforms that might be
mentioned include Google App Engine, AWS Elastic Beanstalk.

3. SaaS
Software as a Service (SaaS) provides software programs over the internet, with a payment
model based on subscriptions. Users can remotely access software and its functionality using a
web-based service. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) providers oversee the management of the
underlying infrastructure, middleware, application software, and application data. This paradigm
offers convenience to end-users by alleviating the responsibility of software maintenance,
continuous operations, and support. Some common examples of Software as a Service (SaaS) are
Google Workspace, Salesforce, Dropbox, and Microsoft 365.

4. XaaS
Anything as a service, or XaaS, is a general term used to describe the cloud computing models-
based online distribution of different services, tools, and technology. Along with Infrastructure
as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and numerous more specialized services like
Security as a Service (SECaaS) and Communication as a Service (CaaS), this strategy goes beyond
conventional Software as a Service (SaaS). Through the flexible, pay-as-you-go access to these
services made possible by XaaS, large upfront hardware and software expenditures are avoided
and scalability and efficiency are enabled.

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Cloud deployment model [22] [23] [24] [25]

A cloud deployment model refers to the specific sort of cloud environment that determines how
cloud services are owned, scaled, and accessed, ultimately dictating how they are supplied to
consumers. The selection of a cloud deployment strategy is crucial as it directly affects the
scalability, control, security, and cost-efficiency of cloud services for enterprises and organizations.

1. Public Cloud:
Cloud computing infrastructure that is owned and operated by a third-party provider and made
available to the public.

The Public Cloud concept is characterized by its unrestricted accessibility to the public or a big
industrial group, and it is hosted and maintained by third-party providers. It works on a large scale,
providing a diverse range of services including Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service
(PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). Public clouds are constructed using a multi-tenant
architecture, which allows several users to use the same infrastructure resources. This arrangement
allows customers to take advantage of the cloud provider's cost savings resulting from economies of
scale. This strategy has a high degree of scalability and flexibility, enabling enterprises to solely pay
for the services they utilize. Public cloud providers such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft
Azure, and Google Cloud Platform are some notable examples.

2. Private Cloud
Cloud computing infrastructure that is dedicated to a single organization and is not shared with
other organizations.

The Private Cloud concept provides cloud computing resources that are dedicated solely to a
particular enterprise. The hosting options include on-premises deployment or outsourcing to a third-
party service provider. The private cloud offers enhanced governance and protection over the
infrastructure and data, rendering it well-suited for enterprises with stringent regulatory compliance
or sensitive data prerequisites. Private clouds provide enhanced customization and efficiency by
ensuring that resources are exclusively dedicated to a single business and not shared with others.
VMware and OpenStack are two instances of technologies that facilitate the creation and operation
of private cloud systems.

3. Hybrid Cloud
Hybrid Cloud refers to a computing environment that combines both public and private cloud
infrastructures, allowing organizations to leverage the benefits of both while maintaining control
over their data and applications.

Hybrid Cloud is a combination of public and private cloud components, enabling the sharing of data
and applications across them. This strategy provides organizations with more flexibility by allowing
them to transfer workloads across different cloud platforms in response to changing demands and
costs. Hybrid clouds provide significant advantages in terms of achieving a balance between the
requirements for security and compliance (private cloud) and the requirements for scalability and
cost-effectiveness (public cloud). It may be used in several deployment circumstances, including
cloud bursting to manage sudden increases in demand. Hybrid cloud systems may be intricate,
necessitating strong integration and administration tools.

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4. Multi-Cloud
Multi-Cloud refers to the utilization of several cloud computing services from various providers,
whether public, private, or hybrid, inside a single diverse architecture. This approach enables
enterprises to leverage the most optimal cloud services from several providers, taking into account
certain criteria such as performance, compliance, and pricing. Utilizing multi-cloud environments
helps prevent dependence on a single provider and enhance the efficiency of cloud investments.
Nevertheless, they provide difficulties in relation to intricacy, incorporation of data, and
administration.

5. Distributed Cloud
Distributed Cloud refers to a cloud computing model where the resources and services are spread
across several physical locations.
Distributed Cloud is a system that extends public cloud services to several physical locations,
although the tasks of managing, controlling, and developing the system are still the duty of the
original public cloud provider. This approach caters to the requirement for minimal delay, data
localization, and reliable functioning in many settings. Distributed cloud enables enterprises to
comply with local data regulations and minimize latency by processing data in proximity to its origin,
providing a combination of advantages from public cloud services and geographical dispersion.

Source: https://www.educba.com/cloud-deployment-models/

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Cloud computing Landscape in India [8] [26] [27] [28] [29]

India's cloud computing landscape is seeing a substantial metamorphosis, fueled by the swift
digitization across several industries. Cloud technologies are experiencing a substantial surge in
adoption in the country, since they are increasingly essential to company operations and strategy.
This movement is primarily driven by the necessity for enhanced scalability, adaptability, and
efficacy in company operations. India's cloud computing business is bolstered by a robust digital
infrastructure, which is continuously being improved via significant expenditures from both the
government and commercial sectors. The Digital India program by the government has played a
crucial role in boosting the use of cloud technology. This has been achieved via enhancing internet
connection and establishing a legislative framework that is conducive to cloud adoption. Moreover,
the existence of prominent international cloud service providers, who have created regional data
centers, guarantees that enterprises may avail themselves of innovative cloud solutions. This climate
is favorable for the development of cloud-native companies and the conversion of conventional
firms into contemporary, digitally focused corporations.

Source: Nasscom Report (Future of cloud and its economic impact: opportunity of for India)

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The current state of cloud computing adoption in India

Cloud adoption in India is now marked by a wide variety of applications in both major organizations
and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The adoption rates have been expedited by the
growing recognition of the cloud's capacity to enhance cost effectiveness and foster innovation.
Enterprises are utilizing cloud computing to not just store data and recover from disasters, but also
to build apps that improve operational flexibility and engage customers. The public sector has also
been a major adopter, migrating various e-governance efforts to the cloud in order to enhance
service delivery and citizen involvement. Nevertheless, obstacles such as data security, regulatory
concerns, and the requirement for proficient experts remain widespread. To address these
problems, it is imperative to continuously engage in strategic planning and provide resources
towards training and implementing security measures. This is crucial in order to guarantee a secure
and efficient transition to cloud services. Notwithstanding these obstacles, the general trend of
cloud adoption in India indicates a strengthening and expanding incorporation of cloud technology
into the fundamental business plans of enterprises in diverse industries.

Revenue of Public Cloud in India

7000
Key players and market share of each player in the Indian cloud computing market 6274
6000

5000
4112
4000
3270

3000 2700
2239 2162
2010
2000
1382 1376
1188
1018
1000 639.2 661
131.3 275

0
2018 2020 2022 2024 2026

IaaS PaaS SaaS

(Source: Statista market insights; 2023)

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Sector -wise analysis of cloud Usage

1. Banking and financial services[31][32][33]

Cloud computing has completely changed the banking and financial services sector. The capacity
of cloud computing to save costs is one of its main benefits. Utilising the resources provided by
cloud service providers, banks and financial institutions save money on infrastructure and
maintenance costs.

Cloud computing enhances flexibility by enabling the quick introduction of new services and
applications, which helps banks stay competitive and quickly satisfy market needs. Enhancing
disaster recovery capabilities, cloud-based data storage and backup solutions ensuring data
security and continuous business operations in the case of system failures or natural disasters.
Through cloud services, banks use of cutting-edge technology such big data analytics, machine
learning, and artificial intelligence. They can so enhance the effectiveness of their decision-
making and operations.

Still there are a number of risks and issues associated with cloud computing adoption in the
banking sector. Sensitive financial and consumer data moving to the cloud poses significant
challenges for data security, privacy, and compliance with regulations. Depending too much on a
single cloud service provider might lead to vendor lock-in, which would make it difficult and
expensive to switch providers or migrate data back to an internal system.

Banks have a critical issue in ensuring regulatory compliance since they have to confirm that the
cloud service providers follow the legal requirements and industry norms set by central banks
and financial regulators. Moreover, banks may feel less in control over their IT systems and data
when they contract with cloud providers for their infrastructure and services, which could result
in issues with governance and supervision. Cloud services are very reliant on internet connection;
hence any outages or network problems can seriously affect how available and effective cloud-
based services are.

Banks and other financial institutions should have clear policies and procedures for data
governance, compliance, and risk management, as well as strong security measures and thorough
due diligence on cloud service providers, to lower these risks. Integrity and security of financial
data and systems must be ensured by regular and continuous monitoring, auditing, and testing of
cloud services.

Case Study:
Federal Bank, India's top private sector bank, has considerably improved its digital capabilities by
embracing cloud and artificial intelligence technologies. The bank teamed with Google Cloud and
Riafy Technologies to develop an advanced AI personal assistant named "Feddy," which achieved
near-perfect response accuracy and increased customer satisfaction by 25%. In addition, Federal
Bank worked with Infosys to adopt Oracle CX, a cloud-based customer relationship management
platform, to enhance marketing, sales, and customer experience. This digital transformation has
enabled the bank to scale its operations, reduce customer care costs by half, and provide a smooth,
personalized banking experience to its customers. [34]

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2. Healthcare and life sciences[35][36]

The healthcare and life sciences industry in India is now experiencing a substantial revolution,
mostly driven by the use of cloud computing technology. The objective of this change is to
improve the delivery of healthcare services, enhance patient outcomes, and optimize
operational efficiency. The use of cloud computing in this industry is not only transforming the
manner in which healthcare services are provided, but also how healthcare data is handled,
examined, and utilized to enhance patient care.

Cloud computing provides a scalable, adaptable, and cost-efficient option for handling the
immense volumes of data produced by the healthcare industry. It allows healthcare
professionals to store, process, and analyze data with more efficiency, resulting in enhanced
patient care and operational effectiveness. Cloud technologies enable the implementation of
patient-centric models, transitioning from traditional reactive treatment to ongoing preventative
care, and from examination to surveillance

A significant advantage of cloud computing in the healthcare industry is its capacity to facilitate
the administration of electronic health records (EHRs). Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are
essential for delivering thorough and prompt patient care, although they also pose difficulties in
terms of ensuring data security and privacy. Cloud computing mitigates these issues by providing
safe and compliant platforms for storing and accessing electronic health records (EHRs), hence
bolstering the security of patient data

A major impact of cloud computing is personalized medicine, which adjusts medical care to the
unique characteristics of every patient. The management of large genomic data and
individualised patient care are much enhanced by cloud computing. Innovative technology called
cloud-fog diagnosis improves patient-centered care by making diagnosis and therapy more
precise and quicker.

Personalized medicine and healthcare in general face certain challenges when using cloud
computing, though. The security of data, privacy, and ethical ramifications are still very much
problems. Sensitive health data needs to be protected by strong governance and compliance
procedures. Though there are challenges, cloud computing has huge potential to totally
revolutionize healthcare and personalised treatment. It offers opportunity for creativity and
improvement of patient results.

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3. E-commerce and Retail business [37][38][39]

The retail and e-commerce industries have seen a fundamental change in how companies run
and interact with consumers because to cloud computing. Companies may succeed in an
increasingly competitive and customer-centric environment by leveraging the potential of
cloud-based solutions to reach previously unheard-of levels of scalability, agility, and cost-
efficiency.

The capacity to smoothly adjust resources up or down in response to demand is at the heart
of this revolution; it guarantees best performance during busy times and reduces expenses
during slow ones. Retailers struggling with varying foot traffic in physical locations and e-
commerce platforms experiencing seasonal or promotional traffic spikes need this scalability
in particular. Companies can easily handle these ups and downs by using the cloud, giving
clients a smooth and constant experience.

Cloud computing has also made a plethora of chances for personalization and data-driven
insights possible. Cloud-based big data analytics solutions enable retail and e-commerce
businesses to collect and examine enormous volumes of consumer data, including
preferences, purchase history, and browsing habits. Equipped with this information,
companies can create incredibly customized experiences, focused marketing efforts, and
highly individualized product recommendations that appeal to specific clients, encouraging
loyalty and increasing sales.

Cloud-based solutions have completely changed supply chain and inventory management,
gave real-time stock level insight and facilitated smooth connection between e-commerce
platforms and physical storefronts. By enabling omnichannel experiences like buy online, pick
up in-store (BOPIS), this connection gives consumers a unified and practical purchasing
experience.

Over and above conventional sales channels, cloud computing has improved in-store
experiences and enabled mobile commerce. Driving the consumer experience to new heights
are mobile apps, beacons, and Internet of Things (IoT) sensors that, when combined with
cloud infrastructure, provide customized offers, navigation help, and individualized product
information.

The cloud has also quickened the time to market and creativity for new features, services,
and applications. Businesses may quickly create and implement cutting-edge solutions,
staying ahead of the competition and addressing changing customer expectations with
unmatched agility, by doing away with the requirement for large upfront expenditures in
hardware and infrastructure.

The cost-optimization component of cloud computing models, such Software-as-a-Service

(SaaS) and Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), is what powers these revolutionary capabilities.
Through these methods, e-commerce and retail companies can benefit from strong
computing resources and software without having to pay large capital costs for hardware,
upkeep, and specialized IT personnel, therefore promoting a lean and effective operating
model.

A vital catalyst in the always changing digital ecosystem, cloud computing enables retail and
e-commerce companies to redefine operational excellence, spur innovation, and provide
outstanding consumer experiences. Companies who keep adopting the cloud open up new
opportunities for expansion, flexibility, and customer-centricity and put themselves at the
vanguard of the digital revolution.

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Government Initiatives and Polices for Cloud Computing in India

Government activities and policies around cloud computing in India [40][41]
The Indian government has been aggressively advocating for the adoption of cloud computing to
boost its e-governance projects and better service delivery to residents. MeghRaj, launched as part
of the Digital India goal, is a program that intends to utilize cloud technology to enhance governance
in a manner that is both efficient and cost-effective. This program aims to improve the efficiency of
spending on information and communication technology (ICT), speed up the implementation of e-
government applications, and guarantee the safe and flexible handling of data. The government
aims to revolutionize the delivery of public services, combat corruption, and guarantee that digital
services are accessible in even the most isolated regions of the country by executing a
comprehensive cloud plan.

The primary governmental policies and activities pertaining to cloud computing in India are :
1. The Digital India Mission[43]
- Initiated in July 2015.
- To enhance the technological capabilities of individuals and strengthen the nation's
digital framework.
PM Narendra Modi established the Digital India Mission with the objective of converting India into a
society empowered by digital technology and a knowledge-based economy. This initiative prioritizes
the provision of fast internet connectivity, digital infrastructure, and e-governance services to every
person. The concept includes important areas of focus, such as treating digital infrastructure as a
basic service for all individuals, providing on-demand government and services, and empowering
citizens through digital means. The Digital India Mission aims to improve the delivery of public
services, increase digital literacy, and reduce the gap in access to technology between urban and
rural regions by combining several government efforts and utilizing technology.

The Government of India had launched several initiatives under the Digital India program, focusing
on three key areas:
1. Digital Infrastructure
a. BharatNet Project: Extends broadband connectivity to all Gram Panchayats in the
country.
b. National Broadband Mission: Focuses on expanding broadband access and
improving internet speeds.
c. National Data Centre Policy: Supports the expansion of data centres to enhance
telecommunications infrastructure

2. Digital Services
a. DigiLocker: A digital locker service that allows citizens to store and share important
documents online securely
b. UMANG (Unified Mobile Application for New-age Governance: Provides access to
various government services through a single mobile app.
c. CoWIN: A COVID-19 Platform

3. Digital Empowerment
a. Digital Didi: A program to educate and fight misinformation and myths around
menstruation and providing digital literacy courses to women
b. SkillBot: A chatbot for building digital skills among rural artisans and youth
c. E-Kranti: Focuses on the electronic delivery of government services

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2. GI Cloud- MeghRaj[44]
- The launch date of GI Cloud- MeghRaj was February 2014.
- To offer a strategic plan for the implementation of cloud technology by government
ministries and agencies.
MeghRaj, the cloud computing project of the Government of India, seeks to expedite the provision
of electronic services while maximizing the efficiency of information and communication technology
expenditures. MeghRaj, launched by the National Informatics Centre (NIC) under the National Cloud,
offers a complete framework for the use of cloud technology in different government ministries. The
company provides services such as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS),
and Software as a Service (SaaS), guaranteeing safe, scalable, and effective data management.
MeghRaj utilizes cloud technology to improve the creation and implementation of e-governance
apps, facilitating effective public service provision and driving digital transformation nationwide.

Benefits:
This initiative provides a cost-effective and efficient way for the government to manage its IT
infrastructure, enabling better services for citizens and enhancing the overall efficiency of
government operations.

Regulations governing privacy in cloud computing in India [42][45]

1. The Information Technology Act of 2000

The IT Act is the main legal framework that regulates data protection and privacy in India.
Section 43A of the IT Act requires any business entity that deals with sensitive personal data to
establish and follow appropriate security standards and processes to safeguard this information.
This clause pertains to cloud service providers (CSPs) and encompasses the payment of
compensation in the event of carelessness resulting in data breaches.

2. IT, 2011
These regulations, established under the IT Act, outline the security protocols that enterprises
are required to adhere to in order to safeguard sensitive personal data. CSPs are obligated to
have extensive information security systems and policies, which encompass data encryption,
access control, and periodic security audits. The standards further delineate the protocols for
gathering, retaining, and transmitting data, guaranteeing that CSPs manage data in a responsible
manner.

3. Rules for Intercepting, Monitoring, and Decrypting Communications, 2009

According to these regulations, the government is empowered to intercept, monitor, or decrypt
information that is created, sent, received, or stored in any computer resource for the purposes
of ensuring security or enforcing the law. This rule mandates that Communication Service
Providers (CSPs) adhere to government demands for data retrieval, while also upholding the
confidentiality and protection of user data.

4. Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023

This is a law that governs the processing of digital personal data by public and private entities
within India, as well as the processing of personal data of Indian citizens outside India for
offering goods/services in India

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Government initiatives involving cloud computing

The Bhudhaar Project [46]

The Bhudhaar project, launched by the Government of Andhra Pradesh, is a substantial e-
governance endeavor with the objective of digitalizing land records and allocating a distinct 11-digit
identification number to each land parcel in the state. This project utilizes cloud computing
technologies to store and oversee land records, guaranteeing data security, convenient accessibility,
and reduced susceptibility to manipulation and mistakes. Bhudhaar reduces the requirement for
physical land records by employing a cloud-based platform, hence reducing the risk of manipulation
and mistakes that were commonly associated with such records.

The use of cloud computing in the Bhudhaar project serves as a prime example of the wider pattern
of embracing cloud technology in government endeavors to improve effectiveness, openness, and
provision of services. The Bhudhaar initiative utilizes cloud computing to enhance the precision and
dependability of property records, while also aiding the government's objective of establishing a
digitally empowered and efficient public administration system.

The National Health Service (NHS) [47]

The National Health Stack (NHS) is an all-encompassing digital framework put out by the
Government of India with the aim of transforming the healthcare sector. Its objective is to offer a
resilient, cloud-based framework that sustains diverse health services and activities throughout the
nation. The purpose of the NHS is to support the execution of the Ayushman Bharat Yojana, which
involves establishing Health and Wellness Centres and the Pradhan Mantri-Rashtriya Swasthya
Suraksha Mission (PM-RSSM) to offer health insurance to more than 100 million impoverished and
vulnerable households.

The NHS utilizes cloud computing to provide scalable and adaptable services that can be accessed
through open APIs that are compliant with international standards. This cloud-based method
guarantees the secure storage and convenient access to healthcare data, which enables the quick
development of various health solutions. The NHS aspires to achieve Universal Health Coverage
(UHC) by consolidating different health sectors into a unified digital framework. This will enable a
comprehensive analysis of health data, enhance service provision, and align with the government's
objective.

Source: Nasscom Report (Cloud as A Catalyst for Business Transformation: 2022 Trends)

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Global Case studies and Best Practices

Cloud computing has fundamentally transformed the methods by which organizations and
people handle, store, and manipulate data. Cloud computing delivers unmatched flexibility,
scalability, and cost-efficiency by allowing users to use a shared pool of customizable computing
resources, including servers, storage, and applications, whenever they need them. This
technology empowers firms to swiftly adjust to evolving wants, diminish operational expenses,
and concentrate on fundamental company tasks without the responsibility of overseeing
physical infrastructure. Cloud computing has become an essential component of contemporary
digital infrastructure, fueling innovation in several industries, ranging from streaming services
like Netflix to collaboration applications like Slack. This introduction examines many case studies
that illustrate the profound influence of cloud computing on various industries, showcasing its
crucial function in improving operational efficiency and facilitating innovative business models.

Few examples are:

1. Netflix
Netflix exemplifies the effective utilization of cloud computing to expand its operations and enhance
consumer satisfaction. Netflix achieved the ability to manage enormous volumes of data and user
traffic and provide uninterrupted streaming services to millions of global consumers by transitioning
to Amazon Web Services (AWS). Netflix was able to adjust its scale and capacity according to
demand, save costs, and improve performance by utilizing cloud infrastructure.

2. Airbnb
Airbnb employed Amazon Web Services (AWS) to effectively handle its swiftly expanding platform,
facilitating the connection between hosts and tourists worldwide. AWS's cloud services empowered
Airbnb to effectively manage substantial quantities of transactions and data, guaranteeing
dependability and expandability. This strategic decision enabled Airbnb to prioritize innovation and
enhance customer experience without being encumbered by infrastructure constraints.

3. JPMorgan Chase
JPMorgan Chase implemented a hybrid cloud approach to improve its IT infrastructure. Through the
integration of private and public cloud technologies, the financial behemoth successfully enhanced
data security, compliance, and operational efficiency. JPMorgan Chase was able to utilize the
adaptability and expandability of cloud technology while still retaining authority over confidential
financial information

4. HSBC
HSBC adopted Microsoft Azure to update its IT infrastructure and facilitate its digital transformation
efforts. HSBC utilized the cloud platform to access data analytics, machine learning, and artificial
intelligence capabilities, which allowed the bank to enhance its client services and optimize
operational efficiency

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Recommendations and strategies for end users and policy makers

1. Allocate resources to enhance proficiency in cloud computing.

India must tackle the substantial requirement for professionals skilled in cloud computing. Extensive
upskilling, reskilling, and training initiatives are required to address the deficiencies in cloud skills.
This will guarantee that the staff is adequately prepared to manage the increasing needs of cloud
infrastructure.

2. Utilize Government Initiatives

Indian enterprises should capitalize on government initiatives such as the Digital India Mission and
Digital MSME. These programs offer assistance and establish a conducive atmosphere for the use of
cloud technology, assisting enterprises in reducing capital expenditure and transitioning to more
efficient operating models.

3. Implement Multi-Cloud and Hybrid Cloud Strategies

Indian businesses could contemplate implementing multi-cloud and hybrid cloud configurations to
achieve a harmonious blend of traditional legacy systems and contemporary cloud technologies. This
method offers enterprises the opportunity to adapt, expand, and recover from disasters by
managing data ownership and utilizing advanced cloud services such as Disaster Recovery as a
Service.

4. Prioritize Cloud Security

Given the growing reliance on cloud services, it is imperative to implement strong security measures.
To maintain the security and compliance of their cloud infrastructure, Indian enterprises should
allocate resources towards hiring cloud security specialists and using advanced technologies.

5. Harness the Power of Cloud Computing for Innovation and Agility

Cloud computing facilitates swift scalability and agility, both of which are crucial for fostering
innovation. Businesses should implement a strategy that prioritizes the use of cloud platforms,
either as the primary choice or as the only choice. This will enable them to take advantage of the
flexibility and cost-effectiveness offered by cloud technology, empowering them to innovate and
swiftly adapt to market fluctuations.

6. Establish strategic partnerships.

Establishing strategic alliances with reputed cloud service providers helps streamline extensive cloud
migrations and guarantee access to cutting-edge technology and advancements. This partnership
has the potential to assist organizations in effectively modernizing their infrastructure and apps.

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Impact of Generative AI on Cloud

Overview on GenAI and its capabilities

Generative AI (Gen AI) is a subset of artificial intelligence that focuses on creating new and original
content by extrapolating from its training data. Unlike traditional AI, which typically analyzes data to
make predictions or decisions, Gen AI can produce human-like text, images, audio, and video. This
technology operates by processing prompts—such as text, images, or other inputs—through
advanced algorithms to generate new content that resembles, but is not identical to, the data it was
trained on. The capabilities of Gen AI are vast and varied, including the generation of essays, realistic
images, music compositions, and even software code. It can automate content creation, enhance
customer service through chatbots, improve product designs, and optimize business processes.
Despite its transformative potential, Gen AI also poses challenges such as the risk of generating
misleading information, privacy concerns, and the potential for misuse in creating deepfakes or
facilitating cyber-attacks. Nonetheless, its ability to significantly boost productivity and innovation
makes it a powerful tool in the modern digital landscape

Benefits to end users with the integration of Cloud and Gen AI

The integration of Gen AI with cloud computing has brought numerous benefits to end-users,
revolutionizing the way they interact with and leverage technology. Here are some key ways this
integration has benefited end-users:

1. Improved accessibility and scalability: By combining Gen AI capabilities with the scalable
infrastructure of cloud computing, end-users can access powerful AI models and services on-
demand, without the need for expensive local hardware or infrastructure. This democratizes
access to advanced AI capabilities, enabling individuals and businesses of all sizes to leverage
Gen AI tools and services seamlessly.

2. Enhanced user experiences: Gen AI integrated with cloud computing enables more natural
and intuitive user interactions. End-users can communicate with AI-powered virtual
assistants, chatbots, and conversational interfaces using natural language, making it easier
to accomplish tasks, retrieve information, and engage with digital services.

3. Personalized and context-aware services: The integration of Gen AI and cloud computing
enables the creation of highly personalized and context-aware services. By analyzing vast
amounts of user data stored in the cloud, Gen AI models can provide tailored
recommendations, personalized content, and customized experiences that cater to
individual preferences and needs.

4. Streamlined workflows and productivity: Gen AI-powered tools and services hosted on the
cloud can streamline workflows and enhance productivity for end-users. For example, AI-
assisted writing tools can help generate high-quality content more efficiently, while
intelligent automation can handle repetitive tasks, freeing up time for more creative and
strategic work.

5. Continuous improvement and updates: Cloud-based Gen AI services can be continuously

updated and improved without the need for end-users to manually install updates or
patches. This ensures that end-users always have access to the latest AI models, features,
and enhancements, providing a seamless and up-to-date experience.

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6. Collaborative and shared AI capabilities: The cloud enables end-users to collaborate and
share AI capabilities across teams, organizations, or even geographically dispersed locations.
This fosters collaboration, knowledge sharing, and the ability to leverage collective
intelligence and insights.

7. Cost-effective and pay-as-you-go models: Cloud computing's pay-as-you-go and

subscription-based models make it more cost-effective for end-users to access and utilize
Gen AI services. This eliminates the need for large upfront investments in hardware and
infrastructure, making advanced AI capabilities accessible to a wider range of users.

By combining the power of Gen AI with the scalability, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness of cloud
computing, end-users can benefit from enhanced experiences, improved productivity, and access to
cutting-edge AI capabilities that were previously out of reach for many individuals and organizations.

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Conclusion

Cloud computing is a revolutionary technology that is changing the way corporations function and
develop. My research has helped me examine the core principles of cloud computing, as well as its
several service and deployment methods (public, private, hybrid, multi-cloud). Integrating
Generative AI (GenAI) with cloud computing improves its abilities by providing automated content
creation, data synthesis, and personalized user experiences.

Cloud computing use in India is rapidly increasing due to the demand for scalability, cost-
effectiveness, and innovation in areas like banking, healthcare, and retail. The Digital India Mission
and MeghRaj government programs are significantly contributing to the promotion of cloud use.
Their primary objectives are to enhance public service delivery and facilitate digital transformation.

Although there are notable advantages, there are still obstacles to overcome in the form of data
security, regulatory compliance, and the requirement for proficient personnel. To fully harness the
capabilities of cloud computing, it is crucial to tackle these obstacles by implementing strategic
planning, strong security protocols, and ongoing skills development.

Cloud computing serves as more than just a technological progression; it acts as a driving force for
innovation and effectiveness. As enterprises increasingly use cloud technologies, they will gain
access to fresh prospects for expansion, flexibility, and a competitive edge in the digital era.

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Nasscom Report
I began working on a report that discusses the cloud, its many kinds, and the subsequent influence
of GenAI on cloud computing. Cloud computing may be classified into many categories according to
service models and deployment models. The main service models consist of Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS) gives virtualized computing resources via the internet. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
provides a platform for clients to design, run, and manage applications without having to handle the
underlying infrastructure. Software as a Service (SaaS) distributes software applications over the
internet through a subscription model. Furthermore, the many cloud deployment methods
encompass public cloud, private cloud, hybrid cloud, and multi-cloud. Public clouds are overseen by
external providers and provide flexible resources accessible via the internet. Private clouds are
exclusively used by a single organization. Hybrid clouds merge public and private clouds to enable
the sharing of data and applications between them. Multi-cloud entails utilizing various cloud
services from different providers. The incorporation of Generative AI (GenAI) into cloud computing is
transforming the field by improving functionalities such as automated content production, data
synthesis, natural language interfaces, tailored suggestions, and code generation. This collaboration
not only maximizes the allocation of resources and promotes performance but also strengthens
security and improves the user experience, creating opportunities for creative and efficient cloud
solutions.

Limitations
1. The project time was longer than my internship. Hence the learnings from the interviews,
secondary research etc. have been incorporated in this report.
2. GenAI and its effect on Cloud are broad umbrella terms and covering everything was not
possible.
3. Due to the confidentiality requirements outlined in the signed NDA, I cannot disclose or cite
any information gathered from the interviews conducted by our team prior to the formal
release of the final report.

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Nasscom’s view and future expectation of Nasscom in regards to cloud

The perspective of Nasscom [7b][7c][7d][7e][7f][7g][7h]

There is a substantial potential and strategic significance of cloud computing for India's digital
future. As per Nasscom’s report titled “Cloud Skills: Powering India’s Digital DNA” shares that India is
expected to have a demand of 2 million cloud related talent by 2025. The expansion is fueled by the
rising use of cloud technologies in diverse industries such as technology, healthcare, and finance.
According to Nasscom’s report titled “Cloud Skills: Powering India’s Digital DNA” talks that India
currently has around 608,000 professionals with expertise in cloud computing. However, with
focused efforts to nurture talent, this figure has the potential to increase to between 1.7 and 1.8
million. The report highlights the importance of acquiring new skills and retraining in order to satisfy
the increasing demand for cloud expertise, since the existing supply is severely insufficient.

Another report by Nasscom named “Future of Cloud and Its Economic Impact: Opportunity for India”
shares that cloud technology is expected to account for ~8% of India's GDP by 2026, leading to
remarkable development in job prospects and supporting the nation's objective of achieving a $1
trillion digital economy.

The Indian government has actively promoted the adoption of cloud technology through efforts like
as the 'Digital MSME' and 'Digital India' projects. These initiatives have facilitated the migration of
enterprises to cloud platforms, resulting in reduced capital investment and improved operational
efficiency. Nasscom further highlights that cloud computing facilitates organizations to swiftly
innovate, introduce novel goods and services, and enhance consumer experiences. Nevertheless, in
order to fully reap the advantages of cloud adoption, it is imperative to tackle obstacles such as
migration priority, inadequate planning, and insufficient staff training. In general, Nasscom regards
cloud computing as a crucial catalyst for economic expansion, the generation of employment
opportunities, and the digital revolution in India.

Source: Nasscom Report (Future of cloud and its economic impact: opportunity of for India)

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Future of Cloud[7a]

As per Nasscom’s “Future of Cloud And Its Economic Impact” report, Cloud computing in India is
poised to have a profound influence on the economy, technology, and society. Based on the date
from International Data Corporation (IDC), the market for public cloud services in India is expected
to reach USD 18.5 billion by 2026. This growth is estimated to have a compound annual growth rate
(CAGR) of 27% from 2021E to 2026E. The rise in question is mostly fueled by the rising popularity of
Software as a Service (SaaS), Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), and Platform as a Service (PaaS).
Among them, SaaS holds the highest share in the market.

Cloud computing is anticipated to make a substantial contribution to the economy of India. By the
year 2026, the utilization of cloud technology in India has the potential to make up 8% of the
country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), resulting in a contribution of around USD 310-380 billion
and the generation of 14 million employment opportunities. India's goal of achieving a USD 1 trillion
digital economy by 2026 is driving a wider digital revolution, which is also contributing to its
economic effect.

Nasscom’s “India the Next Data Centre Hub” report talks about the significant rise of data centers,
which is projected to increase from 770 MW in 2022 to an estimated 1,500 MW by 2025, and
highlights the need development of infrastructure to accommodate the demands of the digital
economy.

Technological progress is a significant catalyst for the development of cloud computing in India. The
convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) with cloud platforms is
anticipated to stimulate innovation and enhance productivity in many industries in addition, the
advancement of industry-specific clouds, domain clouds, and distributed clouds will offer tailored
solutions, improve performance, and guarantee adherence to local regulations. These technological
improvements will enable enterprises to utilize public, hybrid, and edge computing in order to
enhance performance and minimize delay.

There is a growing need for cloud computing specialists in India, with a projected requirement of
over 2 million cloud experts by 2025. The need for cloud engineers is evident in the competitive
compensation they get, as demonstrated by big companies like Google India offering appealing
salary packages. Upskilling and reskilling initiatives are crucial in order to fulfill this need, establishing
India as a worldwide center for cloud expertise.

Government actions and funding from prominent firms are essential for promoting the use of cloud
technology. Cloud technology is being utilized to improve public services through programs such as
Digi Locker, e-governance, and Unified Mobile Application for New-age Governance (UMANG).
Major cloud service providers such as AWS and Microsoft are making substantial financial
commitments in India, indicating their belief in the market's promising prospects.

The future prospects for cloud computing in India are encouraging, since it offers significant
economic advantages, technical progress, and an increasing need for proficient individuals. The
collaboration between the government, industry, and educational institutions will play a vital role in
fully harnessing the capabilities of cloud computing and establishing India as a frontrunner in the
worldwide digital economy.

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Appendix
1. Agility- Ability to move quickly and easily.
2. Scalability-The capacity to be changed in size or scale.
3. Elasticity - The ability of an object or material to resume its normal shape after being
stretched or compressed.
4. Availability - The quality of being able to be used or obtained.
5. Fault Tolerance - The ability of a system to continue operating without interruption when
one or more of its components fail.
6. Proficiency - A high degree of competence or skill; expertise.
7. Proximity - Nearness in space, time, or relationship.
8. Deeptech- Deep tech is a generic term for technologies including artificial intelligence,
robotics, block chain etc.
9. Resilience - The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness.
10. Synergies - The interaction or cooperation of two or more organizations, substances, or
other agents to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects.
11. Proactive - Creating or controlling a situation by causing something to happen rather than
responding to it after it has happened.
12. Interoperability - The ability of computer systems or software to exchange and make use of
information.
13. Optimization- The action of making the best or most effective use of a situation or
14. Dissemination - The act of spreading something, especially information, widely; circulation.
15. Proactive- Creating or controlling a situation by causing something to happen rather than
responding to it after it has happened.
16. Optimization- The action of making the best or most effective use of a situation or resource.
17. Efficacy- The ability to produce a desired or intended result.
18. Empowerment - Authority or power given to someone to do something.
19. Equitable- Fair and impartial.
20. Incorporation - The inclusion of something as part of a whole.
21. Ethical- Relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.
22. Confidentiality - The state of keeping or being kept secret or private.

List of Abbreviations
1. DSCI- Data Security Council of India
2. EHR- Electronic Health Record
3. NHS - National Health Service
4. UHC - Universal Health Coverage
5. SaaS - Software as a Service
6. PaaS - Platform as a Service
7. IaaS - Infrastructure as a Service
8. XaaS - Everything as a Service
9. ICT - Information and Communication Technology
10. API - Application Programming Interface
11. GDP - Gross Domestic Product
12. IDC - International Data Corporation
13. AWS - Amazon Web Services
14. GCE - Google Compute Engine
15. PM-RSSM - Pradhan Mantri-Rashtriya Swasthya Suraksha Mission
16. NIC - National Informatics Centre
17. NDA - Non-Disclosure Agreement

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Bibliography

I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my mentors, Vandhna Babu and Sneha Sharma, for
their invaluable guidance and support throughout the course of this research. Their expertise and
insightful feedback have been instrumental in shaping the direction and quality of this work. I am
particularly grateful for their encouragement and the time they dedicated to reviewing my drafts,
which significantly enhanced the clarity and depth of my research. This paper would not have been
possible without their unwavering support and mentorship.

References and Sources

1. https://www.iimrohtak.ac.in/faculty-detail.php?facultyId=46
2. https://nasscom.in/about-us
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASSCOM
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startup-sharma?trk=public_profile_article_view
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a. Future of cloud and its economic Impact- July, 2022
b. SMB cloud adoption in India- September, 2020
c. Designing the enterprise of tomorrow- January, 2023
d. Cloud strategic partnership- April, 2022
e. Cloud Skills- August 2021
f. Cloud as a catalyst for business transformation
g. The cloud cornerstone Vol-I
h. The cloud cornerstone Vol-II
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