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Physics

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23 views10 pages

Physics

Uploaded by

bujjjitamil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of


gratitude to my physics teacher " for their able to
guidance and support in completing my project.
Iwould like to extend my gratitude to the principal
"S.K.DAMOR" for providing me all the facility that
was required.
INDEX

1.CERTIFICATE
2.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3.AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT
4.APPARATUS REQUIRED
5.THEORY

6.PROCEDURE

7.0BSERVATIONS
8.CONCLUSIONS

9.PRECAUTIONS
10.BIBLIOGRAPHY
Aim of the experiment

To find out the refractive indices of different liquids using a


hollow prism

Apparatus Required

" Hollow glass prism


Various liquids like water, carbon disulphide, benzaldehyde
etc.
Bell pins
Drawing board
Theory
A prism is a transparent
optical element with flat,
polished surfaces that refract
light. Prisms can be C

made from any material that is PE- 0ncident ray


EF -Refracted ray
Z4- Angle of incidence
Lr- Angle of refraction
transparent including glass, FS - Emergent ray Le-Angle of emengence
plastic and fluorite. A prism ZA-Angle of the prism D-Angle of deviation
can be used to break light up
into its constituent spectral colors. Prisms can also be used to
reflect light, or to split light into components with different
polarizations.

The refractive index of the liquid


Is given by the formula:
U=sin i/sin r=sin(a+dy/2)/'sin(a/2)
Where,
U-refractive index of the liquid.
a= the angle of minimum deviation
d=angle of prism
i-angle of incidence
rangle of refraction
Procedure

" Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing board with help
of drawing pins.

Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as ABC.


" Drop a normal PQon the side AB.

Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with the normal


PQ and place 2 pins so that they appear to be in the straight
line.

Place the prism filled with given sample of liquid ,on the
marked outline ABC.

Now take the pins and place them on the side AC so that all
the 4 pins appear to be in same line.

Remove the prism and draw the line joining the points so
obtained.

Mark the diagram as shown in the figure.


Repeat this with different liquids and different angle of
incidence.
Observation

" Benzaldehyde
S.no a (angle of prism) i° (angle of incidence) d° (angle of deviation)
60 30 45
2 60 35 42
3 60 37.5 40
4 60 39 42
5 60 40 45

U-sin((60+40))2)/sin(30)
= 1.504

" Water
S.no a (angle of prism) i° (angle of incidence)d° (angle of deviation)
1 60 30 25
2 60 35 22
3 60 40 20
4 60 45 22
60 50 25
6 60 55 28

U-sin(60+22)2)/sin(30)
= 1.306
" Dil. Sulphuric Acid
S.no a (angle of prism) i° (angle of incidence) d° (angle of deviation)

60 20 33
2 60 30 30
3 60 35 25
4 60 40 29
5 60 45 30

U-sin((60+25)2)/sin(30)
= 1.351
Conclusion
Refractive indices at room temperature:
Benzaldehyde
o Actual: 1.546
o Experimental: 1.504
" Water
o Actual: 1.33
o Experimental: 1.306

" Dil. Sulphuric acid


o Actual: 1.355
o Experimental: 1.351
Precautions
Angle of incidence should lie b/w 35-60 degree.

" Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in same line.

" Distance b/w twopoints should not be less than 10mm.

" Same angle of prism should be used for all observation.

" Arrow head should be marked to represent emergent and


incident ray.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Owww.google.in
O Www.cbse.nic.in
O www.icbse.com

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