Past Year's Questions : selected Questions from la’ is Hon contains $* This section uding compartment paps Board Exam papers inc! Short Answer | Quest! INS (Q.Nos. 1-12) até" cannot end with digit 0 for any 4. Show the [CBSE 2028) natural number ‘1. Or Check whether 6" can end any natural number 1. 2, Find the HCF and LCM of 72 and 120. (08s 2023) 3, Using prime factorisation, find HCF and LCM of with the digit 0 for {[0BSE 2023 (Compartment) 96 and 120. [CBSE 2023] 4, Find the greatest 3-digit number which is [CBSE 2023] divisible by 18, 24 and 36. 5, If V2is given as an irrational number, then prove that (5 ~ 2¥2) is an irrational number. {16836 2023 (Compartment) 6. Prove that V2 is an irrational number. 0@Se 2020, 220 (Compartment) 7. If two positive integers p and qcan be expressed as p = ab? and q= 7b, a and b being prime ‘number, then find LCM of (p, 9). {08S 2020 (Compartment) 8. Write the smallest number which is divisible by both 306 and 657. [CBSE 2019] 9. Two positive integers a and b can be written as 'y? and b= xy’, x and y are prime numbers. Find the LCM of (a, b). [CBSE 2019] st 5 years’ Board ers are covered here. A Competency Based Questions Exams from 2024 t0 2018. Diferent gy 10. IFHICF (336, 54) =6, find LCM (336, 54) [CBge. 20 {te The LCM of two numbers is 9 times their joe” ‘The sum of LCM and HCF is $00. Find the C®- of the two numbers. ICBSE 2019 (Come CR ba] td ' i 12. Show that 2+ 7 5 an irrational number. + Biven that V7 is irrational. {CBSE 2019 (Company ) Short Answer Il Questions ( 1. Prove that ¥3 is am irrational number. (c3s¢ ay 2. The traffic lights at three different road crossings change after every 48 s, 72s and 138 s, respectively. If they change simultaneously at 7 am, at what time they change together next? 3. Find the HCF and LCM of 26, 65 and 117 using prime factorisation. ICSE aay 4, Prove that V5 is an irrational number. (case any 1CBSE zy 5. Prove that 2 +5v3 is an irrational number, given that V3 is an irrational number. [CBSE 2015) 243 6. Prove that is an irrational number, given [c8se 20) that V3 is an irrational number. As per latest Exam Pattern there will be 0% Com| i t ipetency Based Questions (CBQs)in the paper. So we have covered all types of CBQs; Multiple Choice Questions, Assertion-Reason, Case Based and Subjective Questions of competency nature, Multiple Choice Questions (Q.Nos. 1-22) 1 Ifa =2? x3*, b=2? x3x5, c=2? x3x7 and LCM (a, b, c)= 3780, then x is equal to [CBSE 2024) (a1 (b)2 ©3 @o 2. Given, HCF (2520, 6600) = 40 and LCM (2520, 6600) = 252x k. Then, the value of kis yonse 204) (a) 1650 (b) 1600 (©) 165 (d) 1625 aReal Numbers 3. A pair of ierational numbers whose product is a rational nubs [ease 2024) (w(t, vay (3,027) 4. The smallest should be s (05, V2) (a) (V36, V2) number by whieh 10 as 10 get rations 20 ional ICBSE 2024) 5 @) 5 wv ©) then p is wan 50" [BSE 2023) (a) whole number (b) integer (©) rational number (c) irrational number 6. The LCM of smallest 2-digit number and smallest composite number is CBSE 2023} @12 (a4 (© 20 (a) 40 7. The sum of exponents of prime factors in the prime factorisation of 196 is (c@se 2020) (a) 3 4 5 (a2 8. The total number of factors of a prime number is {c0se 2020) f@ (b) 0 (c)2 (3 9. The HCP and LCM of 12, 21 and 15 respectively, are [cBse 2020) (a) 3, 140 (b) 12, 420 (c) 3,420 (a) 420, 3 ral number such that n> 1. Which of these can definitely be expressed as a product of primes? @ va Gin (a) only (i) (b) only (i) and (ii) (©) all (i), (i) and (iii) (@) Cannot be determined without knowing n M1. If is a natural number divisible by 6, What can you definitely say about the prime factoriz of n? (a) It must contain 2 and 3 as prime factors (b) It must be a perfect square (c) Itean be a prime number (a) None of the above 03 12, The HCE of k and 93 is 31, where k is a natural ber. Which of these can be true for some alues of k? (i) isa multiple of 31 Gi) kis a multiple of 93 Gil) kis an even number (iv) kis an odd nut (©) only (0, (a) all (, (i 13. LCM of and 18 is 36. Misa natural numbe Which of these can be true for some values of M? (i) Mis a multiple of 3 ) Misa multiple of 18 ) Mis an even number (a) only (ii) and (iii) (b) only (i) and Git) (©) only (i) and Gi) (d) all @, (i) and (ii 14, Which of these is the HCF of 1260 and 1680? [esse 08) C (a) 210 (b) 420 (©) 630 (a) 5040 15, The pair of positive integers, where sum is 91 and HCF is 13, is/are (a) only (13, 78) (b) only (13, 78) and (26, 65) (©) only (26, 65) and (39, 62) (d) all (13, 78), (26, 65) and (39, 52) 16. If the HCF of 408 and 1032 is expressible in the form 1032 x 2+ 408 x p, then the value of p is (@) 5 &)-5 oa oa 17, Ina seminar, the number of participants in English, Urdu and Sanskrit are 45, 73 and 135. Find the number of rooms required to house them, if in each room, the same number of participants are to be accommodated and they should be of the same language. (a) 45 (b) 17 75 (@) 135 18. Three farmers have 490 kg, 588 kg and 882 kg of rice, respectively. Find the maximum capacity of a bag so that the rice can be packed in exact number of bags. (a) 98 kg (b) 290 kg (©) 200 kg. (@) 350 ke19. Which of the following best des inal number? (a) can be expressed as a fraction (b) has a finite decimal representation (©) cannot be expressed as a fraction (d) is always an integer 20. Let p be a prime number and k be a positive integer. Ifp divides k®, then which of these is definitely divisible by p? hie ee ere |e (@) only k (©) only k and 7k (©) only k, 7k and (@)all Ek, and 21. Which of the following is an irrational number? 1c8se a5] @) sve 2 OF (645 (a) Joa - V4 22. Which of the following is the rationalised form oe W342 (cBse 0B} B42 @s wR (© Vi5 - V2 @ iS - Vio [Assertion-Reason (a.nos. 7-10) Directions (Q. Nos. 1-10) consist of two statements, Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below. (2) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is, the correct explanation of the Assertion. (b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not correct explanation of the Assertion. (c) Assertion is true but Reason is false. (4) Assertion is false but Reason is true. 1. Assertion (A) The product of two consecutive positive integers is divisible by 2. Reason (R) 132, 343, 565 is a compo: number. Class 10 cneckmate. MATHEMATICS CBSE 2. Assertion (A)(7 13 x11) + Land 4 (7x6 x5% 4x 3x2 x1) + Shave exactly composite numbers. Reason (R) (3 x 12* 1 number. Assertion (A) The numbet the digit 0, where nis a natural Reason (R) Prime factorisation of 5 has only two 01) + 4is not a composite 1-5" cannot end with 2 || number. factors, | and 5, “Assertion (A) 15" ends with the digit zero, where ‘nis natural number. Reason (R) Any number ends with dis its prime factor is of the form 2” x5 is with digit zero, if where rm and n are a natural numbers. : jumbers is 5 and 5. Assertion (A) The HCF of two num! their product is 150. Then, their LCM is 40. Reason (R) For any two positive integers a and b, HCF (a, b) x LCM (a, 6) =a xB 6. Assertion (A) The HCF of two numbers is 18 and their product is 3042, then their LCM is 169. Reason (R) For any two positive integers a and b, HCF (a, b) + LCM(a, 6) = ax b. 7. Assertion (A) IF HCF (336, 54) = 6, then LCM (336, 54) = 2043. Reason (R) The sum of exponents of prime factors in the prime factorisation of 196 is 4 Assertion (A) The HCF of 24, 30 and 42 is 6. Reason (R) HCF of two or more numbers Product of the smallest power of each ‘common prime factor, involved in the numbers. 8. 8. Assertion (A) Vx is an irrational number, where xis a prime number. Reason (R) Square root of any prime number is an irrational number. 10. Assertion (A) Product of HCF and LCM of three numbers is equal to the product of those numbers. Reason (R) Product of HCF and LCM of two numbers is equal to the product of those numbers. fonCase Based Questions (2.Nos. 1-5) feaching Mathematies through activities is a powerful approach that enhances students’ understanding and engagement. Keeping thi i, Ms, Mukta ed a prime number game for class 5 students. She announces the number 2 in her class and asked the first student to multiply it by a prime number and then pass it to second student. Second student also multiplied it by a prime number and passed it to third student, In this way by multiplying to a prime number, the last student got 173250. Now, Mukta asked some questions as given below to the students. 1OBSE 2024) (®) What is the least prime number used by students ? (a) How many students are in the class ? (b) What is the highest prime number used by students ? (ii) Which prime number has been used maximum times ? in February 14 is celebrated as International jook Giving Day and many Countries in the world celebrate this day. Some people in India also started celebrating this day and donated the following number of books of various subjects to a public library : History = 96, Science = 240, Mathematics = 336 These books have to be arranged in minimum number of stacks such that each stack contains books of only one subject and the number of books on each stack is the same. Based on the above information, answer the following questions. _[08SE 2023 (Compartment) (i) How many books are arranged in each stack? (ii) How many stacks are used to arrange all the Mathematics books ? (ii) (a) Determine the total number of stacks that will be used for arranging all the books. Or (b) If the thickness of each book of History, Science and Mathematics is 1.8 em, 2.2 cm and 25 cm respectively, then find the height of each stack of History, Science and Mathematics books. Case 3 In a classroom activity on real numbers, the students have to pick a number from a pile and frame question on it if it is not a rational number for the rest of the class. number cards picked up by first 3 students and their questions on the numbers for the rest of the class are as shown below. Answer them. (i) Suraj picked up V8 and his question was — which of the following is true about V8? (a) [Lis a natural number (b) Itis an irrational number (©) Itis a rational number (d) None of the above Gi) Neha picked up ‘bonus’ and her question was—which of the following is not irrational? (a)3- V5. (b) 24 2v9 (v7 -6 @ aii -6 (ii) Anu pick up VIS - V10 and her question was VI5 - Vi0is . (a) a natural (© awhole number. (b) an irrational (a) a rational For the screening of an informational documentary, three schools were selected by the district administrat Name of the school _| Number of students C.AN Public School 78 Bal Vidya Bhawan 7 Bombay Public School 130 + During the screening, multiple rooms are used simultaneously, and each room can accomodate an equal number of students. All students in a particular room belong to the same school. + Asa token of appreciation, the district administration has provided an equal number of chocolates to each school. When distributing these chocolates, each school distributes chocolates equally among its students, ensuring fairness and consistency. Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (@ Find the maximum number of students that can be seated in one room. Show your work. (ii) What is the minimum number of rooms required? Show your work. What is the minimum number of chocolates provided to each school? Show your work. (i——— ‘Case §] Sakshara International School organised #8 combined exhibition for grade 10 students of its three branches. 345 students from Mumbai branch, 405 students from Pune branch and 270 students from Nagpur branch participated in it. The following were planned for the exhibition * Group projects The students of each of the three branches were divided in groups for making various group projects such that each group had equal number of students and the humber of groups was minimum. + Individual project Each of total 1020 students had to submit an individual Project. A fixed number of topics were allotted such that each topic had equal number of students. + Interstate model making competition A few equal number of students were selected from each branch to participate in the competition. Each branch was supposed to submit between 310 7 models (HA maths teacher asked his students to solve the below puzzle regarding the individual project The number of students who got the same topic can be represented as @* x3), where n is a positive integer having the maximum possible value. * * Find n and the number of topics allotted. Show your work. (ii) Mumbai branch divided the students selected for inter-state model making competition into the groups of 12 students, Pune into the groups of 10 students and Nagpur into the groups of 15 students. (a) How many students were selected from each branch? (b) How indi together? Show your work. [Subjective Questions (a.Nos. 7-17) 1. Mand N are positive integers such that M = p'q'r? and N = p?°r, where p, gand rare prime numbers. Find LCM (M, N) and HF (M,N), jany models were submitted by idual branches and all the branches 1cBSE OB} [oBse a8} CBSE Class 19 checkmate. MATHEMATICS length 3.2 m, breadth 2.4 m 2. ning has 2 BOS oa isthe length of the and height 16 7% Syn exactly measure the three longest ruler pox? Show your steps and dimensions of the be eg given valid rea: tae 5 ional number. Write t false Zula jooranewe tease and justify your ans Gi : that V3 is irrational, show by contradiction 3. 4 tional. Show you and 2 is irral it that the sum of ¥3 and easton, steps. 1 onal. 5, Prove that + is irrational ——, 2+ Sand 6. On the two real numbers 4 =2 / 3 _ 47, perform the following operations: (i Calculate the sum (a + 8) ji) Calculate the product (ab). iii) Find the additive inverse of a. (iv) Rationalise #. Verity whether the mumbers a and bare © Mesa ae entonal: Provide alld reson Sr your enower ‘casey vision of 23 on a 7. Nida performed the division of 23 calculator whose result is shown below. Even though the quotient has more digits, the calculator didn’t display it all due to the limited display area 108se 08) oo = Standard 2 0.6385542168674699 Is the output of the division rational or irrational? Explain your answerReal Numbers In the figure below, the inner circles are filled 8. 2" is not divisible by 6 where mis a positive with the prime factors of the numbers given in integer. Is the above statement true or false? the out es. Each number from 1-26 If true, give a valid reason and if false, give an corresponds to the letter in its position in ‘example. 1C8SE 08) the alphabet, A-Z. For instance, | is A, 2 is B, and so on, 10, ‘The prime factorisation of a natural number k is (x5 x p) where p #2. What is the prime factorisation of 10 k?? [CBSE OB) 1. A rectangular arrangement of pens has rows and columns. Rohan takes away 3 rows of pens and then Sarah takes away 2 columns of pens from the remaining pens. The remaining pens are rearranged in p rows and g columns where p is a prime number. If Rohan takes 24 pens and Sarah takes 18 pens, find all possible value(s) of p. Show your work. Starting clockwise from *, find the word formed [c8se a8} by the numbers in the inner circle. Show your work. [68S€ 08) Answers & Explanations Past Year’s Questions 4, Prime factorisation of given numbers, 23%3, Short Answer I Questions (0.Nos. 1-12) 2x2x2x3 Tine manne epee and 22x33 LCM (18, 24, 36) = 2x 3?=72 So, the greatest 3-digit number divisible by 18, 24 and 36 is the highest multiple of 72 that is less than 1000. 13x72=936 3 2x3" ation of 6 does not contain 5 and 2 together as its factors. So, we can say that 6" can never end with digit 0 for any natural number n. leyoe tos i tome cliz2 andy 20 a Hence, the greatest 3-digit number divisible by 18, 24 T2=2x2%2x3 3 and 36 is 936 and 120 = 22% 2%3 x5 HCF (72, 120) = 2x 2x2%3=24 Since, the prime fact Let us assume that (5 ~ 2V2) is a rational number. So, ? ad fond Caham aeeseeee ares -300 ican be expressed nthe form 2 where pand gare 3. Wehave, coprime and q #0 o__a| 0 4 2] 60 5- 22a a apo a 22 = s-2enline ss ceelee Since 59 pis am integer and 2 lio an integer ps (a0) ‘The prime factorisation of is a rational number. 96 = 2x 2% 2x2x2x3= 2x3 and prime factorisation of 120 =2x2x2%3 x Now, HCF (96, 120) and LCM (96, 120 ‘This shows that V2 is a rational numbers. But we know that J/2 is irrational, So, it contradicts our assumption = Our assumption of 5-22 is rat -W2 3 x5 is incorrect. ‘an irrational number.6 Let us assume that 2 is rational. Ther ; wal bef the form #.sthere a are imegers and bo Again lea and b have no common lactr other than 1 s av2= jp Where @ and b are coprime integers. On squaring both sides, we get {using the theorem if p divides q?, then p divides q) Then, a can be written as 2m, where mis an integer. Put a= 2nr in Eq. (i), we get 2m)? => 2b = 4m? So, 2 divides B? = 2divides b {using the theorem if p divides q, then p divides q) Thus, 2 is a common factor of a and b. But this contradicts the fact that @ and b have no common factor other than I. The contradiction arises by assuming that V2 is rational. Hence, V2 is irrational Hence proved. % Given positive integers are ab* and q= a, LEM (p, q) = The product of the greatest power of each prime factors involved in the numbers = a°b> 8. The smallest number which is divisible by both 306 and 657 is equal to the LCM of 306 and 657. Now, prime factors of given numbers are 306 = 2x3%3 x17 and 657 =3x3%73, +: LEM (306, 657) = Product of the greatest power of ‘each prime factor involved in the numbers = 2x3#X17 x73 10. beayaxxyxyxy LCM (a,b) = Product of the greatest power of each rime factor involved in the numbers axy? axty? Given, HCF (336, 54) ‘We know that axb = HCF(a,b)x LCM(a, b) Here, a =336 and b =54 336 x54 =6 x LCM(336,54) 1369 =3024 Checkwat. MATHEMATICS CBSE My Let HCF of two numbers be « According to the question, LCM =9x HCF Ai) [from Ea. (p) 12. Let us asst ened al number. Th hat is rational number. Then, 1 us assume that 1e form 2, where a and b are coprime it will be of the form 5 integers and 6 #0. re 347 oe EG aa Vat = 3 3a7 sa—3b o nce, 5 and © are rational, Since, 5 and $ 5a= 38 wi rational. So, 56-3 will be rai 7 is rational But itis given y7_is irrational, So, this contradicts the fact that V7 is irrational. Therefore, our ‘assumption is wrong BHF Hence, irrational. Short Answer Il Questions (0.Nos. 1-6) Let us assume to the contrary that ¥3 is rational ive, we can find integers a and 0) such that Beas Suppose a and b have a common factor other than 1, then we can divide by the common factor and assume that a and 6 are coprime. So, bv3 =a (On Squaring both sides and rearranging, we get 30 =a? a? is divisible by 3 ais divisible by 3 {using the theorem if p ides q?, then p divides g] So, we can write a =3c for some integer ¢ Substituting for a, we get36?=9c? ie aac = btis divisible by 3 =bis divisible by 3 {using the theorem if p divides g?, then p divides 4] + @and b have atleast 3 as a common factor.Real Numbers But this contradicts the fact that a and b are coprime. ‘This contradiction has arisen because of our incorrect, assumption that V3 is rational. So, we conclude that ¥3 is an irrational number. 2. Given, the traffic light at three different road crossing change after 48 s, 72 s and 108 s. Using prime factorisation, we get 48 = 2x 2x 2x23 72=2x2K2x3x3 and 108 = 2x2x3%3%3 LCM of 48, 72 and 108 = 2x 2x 2x 2x3x3x3= 432 ‘Therefore, after 432 s, they will change simultaneously. We know that 60 s=1 min = fea 0 432 = 432 5 = 932 main =7 min 12s “ 12 Hence, the lights will change simultaneously at 7:07: 12am, 3. Prime factorisation of 26, 65 and 117 are as follow 26=2x13 65=5 x13 117 =3x3 x13 HCF (26, 65, 117) =13 and LCM (26, 65, 117) = 2x5 x33 x13=1170 4. Let us assume, to the contrary that V5 is rational, Then, it will be of the form f, where a,b are integers and b 20. Again, let a and b have no common factor other than 1 od , where a and b are coprime integers. e (On squaring both sides, we get Set asitea? Oo) c 5 divides a? = 5 divides a [using the theorem that if p divides a’, then p divide a) ‘Then, a can be written as Sm, where mis an integer. Put a=5m in Eq. (, we get 5(b?)= (Sm) = 5b = 25n? = BP =5m? So, 5 divides b? = 5 divides & {using the theorem that if pedivides a, then p divide a] ‘Thus, 5 is a common factor of a and b. But this contradicts the fact that a and 6 have no common factor other than 1. The contradiction arises by assuming that ¥5 is rational. Hence, V5 is irrational number. Mul 5. To prove 2+543 is an irrational number. Let us assume that 2+ 5y3 is a rational number. Then, it will be of the form ee where a and bare coprime integers and b #0. Now, 2+5v3 =f 05-2253 Since, 2 and “are rational numbers. D So, £—2will be rational. b 2. 548s rational. 5 is rational. So, this contradicts the fact that J is irrational. ‘Therefore, our assumption is wrone. Hence, 24 55 is irrational 2405 is rational number. Then, it 6. Let us assume that 2% will be of the form ¢, where a, & are coprime integers and b #0. 24a Now, ince, § and are rational. be b 5a=2) it be rational. So, +. 4B is rational. But given that, ¥3 is irrational. So, this contradicts the fact that V3 is irrational. ‘Therefore, our assumption is wrong. 2448 Henee, is irrational. Competency Based Questions Je Choice Questions (a.Nos. 1-22) P38 = 2x3 34 x3 xSand ¢=2?x3x7 Here, LM (a, b,c) =2? x3 x3" x5x7 .@ and given that LCM (a,b, ¢)=3780 ‘Thus, from Eqs. (i) and (i), we get 1. (©) Given, 2x3 x34 x5 x7 =3780 = jet ___ 3780 %3x5K7 = 3H4a9 3 a3? On comparing the exponents of 3, we get 2x53* @) Given, HCE (2520, 6600) «49 20, 6600) = LEM (2520, = 252xkx40 Using the giv ‘en options, @) V6 x VG 258, rational (0) V5 x V2 = 10, irrational 3 x 27 =a, (8) N36 x 3 = 73, Here, from option (a, mn (@), We get rational number but ‘na V4 are not ieational umber nt EOS but VG 4 @Wehave, 20-25 From the given options, if we mult ions, if we multiply by WF ‘e245 by 45, we will ota rational nuns ©) Given,p? e . irrational 5. _ - 5 Which are rational numbers, 8 (©) Smallest 2-dgit numb Smallest composite numbe 10=2%5 and 4-262 “-LCM (10, 4) =2x 2x 20 7% (b) The prime factorisation of 196 = 2% 2x7 x7=22x72 The sum of expo i524 2164, (6) A prime mum itl. So, total number of factors ofa prime number is 2 9. (c) We have, 12= 2x2x3=2 x3 15=3%5 21s3x7 HCF = Product of smallest power ofeach common Prime factor in the number <3 and LCM = product of greatest power of each prime factor involved in the number 2x3x5x7 =420 Thus, HCF and LCM are 3 and 420, respectively () The original number itself can definitely be expressed as a product of primes, On dividing vir by 2 introduces another factor and might not result ina prime number, nents of prime factorisation of 196 8. ber has exactly two factors, 1 and 10, Checks 1H. (a) We know that a number divisible by 6 must both 2 and 3 as prime factors in is actorisatign athe options are not necessarily rus, ould itself or 12 (not a perfect square) MATHEMATICS Th 12 (e) Hore, ifs a multiple of 93, then CF of agg SBeannot be 3i-s0 Gs mo re 13. (b) For M=12, @) and (ii) are tue, 18. (b) 408 = 2x3 x17 and 1032= 233 x 43 ‘Then, HCF of 408 and 1032 =2" x3 =24 : 24 =1032%24 408(p) = 24-2064 = 408(p) _ 2040 - “408° 1 (W)Here, —45=37xs, 15 =3 x5? and 135 =39xs & HGF of 45, 75 and 135 = 15 Then, each room accommodates 15 participants, =-Number of rooms required for Englist Number of rooms required for Urdu ‘and number of rooms required for Sanskrit « 135 Hence, total number of rooms = 34549017 (2) Here, 490 = 2x5 x72 588= 2x3 x7? and 882= 23% x7? ‘Then, HCF of 490, 588 and 882 =2%7? =99 Hence, maximum capacity of a bag is 98 kg. (©) An irrational numa an iber cannot be expressed as a Positive integer So, p divides &,7hand i 2. isan irrational number. 2 Biba ‘number and 5 is an irrational #6 V5 is an irrational number,| Numbers 22, (d) We have, 5. Bn BBB (3 - V2) 3-2 = Vi5 - vi0 Assertion-Reason (2.Nos. 1-10) 1 (B) In the product of two consecutive positive meyers, p= (+1), one of m or (n+ 1)is an even umber So, the product of two consecutive positive integers will be divisible by 2, Thus, assertion is true Now, 132 ends in 2, so itis divisible by 2, 343 is divisible by 7 565 ends in 5, so it is divisible by 5 ‘Therefore, 132, 343 and 565 are composite numbers, Thus, reason is also true but reason is not the correct explanation for assertion. (©) Here, (7 13 x11) #11 S117 x13 x14) 11x92 =11x 2% 2% 23, and (7 x6x5%4x3x2x1)+3 =(210 x3 x8)+3 3x(210 x8 +1) 3x1681 =3x 41x41 ‘Thus, both the numbers are composite, So, assertion is true. Now, (3 12101) + [@x3x10+1) (909 + 1) = 4910 = 2x 2% 2x57 X13 So, itis also a composite number. ‘Thus, reason is false. (a) If any number ends with digit 0, if should be divisible by 10. In other words, it will also be divisible by 2 and 5 as 10 = 2x5. It can be observed that 2 is not in the prime factorisation of 5s. Hence, for any value of 2,5" will not be divisible by 2 - 5" cannot end with di number 1. (@) Here, 15" =(3 x5)" =3" x5” Its prime factors do not contain 2", i.e. not of the form 2" x5", O for any natural where m, n are natural numbers, Hence, assertion is false but reason is true. (@) Given, HCF = 5, LCM = 40 We know that HCF x LCM = Product of numbers 5 x 40 = 200 is not equal to given product. ‘So, assertion is false and reason is true. (©) We know that HCF x LCM = Product of numbers 18 «169 =3042 10. ‘Thus, assertion is false. Now, prime factors of 196 = 287? ‘Sum of exponents of prime factors =2+ 2=4 So, reason is true (a) Here, 24= 23, 30=2%3%5 and 42=2%3%7 “HF of 24, 30, 42 = 2%3 =6, which is the product of the smallest power of each common prime factor. (a) We know that the square root of every prime number is an irrational number. (@) Let a=3, b =7 and ¢=15 be three numbers. ‘Then, HCF (3, 7, 15)=1 and LCM (3, 7, 15) =105 Also, axbxe=3 7 x15= 2115 ‘Thus, HCF (a, b,c) xLCM (a,b, c)#axb xe Hence, assertion is false. Now, the product of two numbers is equal to the product of HCF and LCM of those numbers. So, reason is correct. Hence, assertion is false but reason is true Case Based Questions (a.Nos. 1-5) (i) Prime factorsiation of 173250 = 2x3? x5?x7 x11 So, the least prime number used by students = 2 (ii) (@) Number of students = Number of prime numbers used by the students =7 (b) Highest prime number used by students =11 (iii) Prime number 5 has been used 3 times. :, Prime number used maximum times (® To find how many books are arranged in each stack, we need to find HCF (96 , 240, 336) Prime factorieation of 96,240 and 536 areas 96 =P x3 240 =2'x3x5 336=2'x3x7 HCE (96, 240, 36) = 2' x3 = 48 “Thus, 48 books are arranged in each stack. (i) To find how many stacks are used to arrange all Mathematis books, we need to divide total hurnber of Mathematics books by arranged in each stack 336 38 Thus, 7 stacks are used to arrange all the Mathematics books. jumber of booksn a (4D (4) Stuck» ved for History nak 2 mn Stucko need for se nee books Stcks wed far Muthinnatien books = 8 ay hn By stub aber of stack dt wl be acd fr lay all the bck 24-54 7 bh Here, 14 tuck ne neal torrie all he bank iD CO) Hedy oF htory hooky = 208 6 en a Height of Seiemee bank » 24022. 44 oy, a Heipht of Muthematicn Bonk = 336%25 17.5 64, aN 3.) Ch) Here, vit» 209 » Proc irrational number = Brut Gi) (b) Here, 9 = 3 80,24 29 9242x3024 608, which is not ivational, (id) (b) Here, VIS andl VIO both difference of te irvatio rational re levationnl and umber is also School = 78 her of students in Bal Vidya Bhawan = 117 Nw ber of students in Bonibay Public School 130 Prime f on of 78, 117 and 130 are 7B= 2x3 x13 17 #33 x13 130.=2%5 x13 (78, 117, 130) =13 numb HCE (78,117, 130) = 13 Gil) Given, Number of ste Number of students 8 7 ts in CAV Publie Sehoo Bal Vidya Bhawat ‘of students that ean ‘and Number of students in Bombay Publie Schoo! =130 ‘Total number of students = 78 #1174 130=325 nd HCP (78, 117, 130) =13, Minimum number of rooms required 325 13 Git) Given, Number of students in CAV Publi 8 Number of students in Bal Vidya Bhawan =117 and Number of students in Bombay Publie Selo School rol 130 checknat®, MATHEMATICS OSE Clg sow of 7H, HIT nd 130. Pe taro T4117 7374 413 1900205413 ph, WNT, 130) = 22915 Say, LEM (78, IT. ~ er of chocolates 5 J atudents for bndividual project (yet 7 ination of 1020 = 2722345017 ie factorial eae «number of students who got the same topic 1c nmnber of so 11 prime factorisation of 1020, “Th On comparing, ned 7 ponvible values of = ‘So, main er of topic alloted And umber oF tre ter ofsudents of students got same topic exarost (1 Number of stan a» group OF Mumba Banh Sumo of sant a group of Pane branch an uber of tins na group of Nagnur ore eisai Le af numer students na thou of och branch tom of 12, 10.15 : Px3x5=60 © Rane ml bie by Man Sant i3 Sumber of od shite by Pane rach oe Runber of moi si 6 4 ‘and number of models submi branches together $5464 4m15,Real Numb Subjective Questions (Q.Nos. 1-11) Subjective Questions (2.Nos 111) 1. Given, Mand N are positive integers such that Mpg? and N=pigr where p,q and r are prime numbers. sar ‘and 2. Given, length of box breadth of bo and height of box = 1.6 m= 160 cm ‘To find the maximum length of the longest ruler, We find the HCF of the three numbers as Prime factorisation of 320 =2° x5 Prime factorisation of 240 = 2" x3 x5 Prime factorisation of 160 = 25 x5 +s HCF (32, 24, 16)=2* x5=80 So, the length of the longest ruler as 80 cm or 0.8 em. le 2x2 Since, 2 is @ rational number and V5 is irational number, therefore the sum ofa rational and an irrational number is irrational So, /4 + (3 is an irrational number. Hence, the 4, Letus assume (2+ /3)be a rational number. Then, it can be written of the form (2) #0 such 4 that pand g are coprime 2a 7 - fey Arrational number the difference of two rational ‘numbers is rational] which is a contradiction. Because V3 is an irrational number. So, our assumption of 2+ V3 is rational is wrong. Hence, (2+ 3) is ee number. Gi can be written as ©, g #0, such that p and q are q 5. Let us assume bu a rational number. Then, it oprime Li 6. On squaring both sides, we get fae beweecne divides b*, then a divides 6) Tee eee ee Onna wes Ghee : = pts 2mt=p? m= = 2 divides p? = 2 divides p {using theorem that if a divides b?, then a divides 6] Thus, 2 is common factor of p and g which is a contradiction as p and q are coprime. Therefore, our assumption is wrong. 1 : jence, is an irrational number. ep Given, a=2+ V5 and b=3-7 @ a+ +45 43-7 +5 V7 (ii) ab =(2+ V5) -V7) 6-27 + 3V5 - V3 (ii) The additive inverse of a= 2+ V5 is -2~ 1 34a fi 0 SoS rationalisation) +7 327 78ND which is the required answer. (@) We have, a=2+ V5 ince, 2 is a rational number and 4 is an irrational number. We know that the sum of rational and irrational number is an irrational number. ‘Therefore, 2+ 3 is an irrational number. Now, we have b=3 - V7 Since, 3 is a rational number and V7 is an irrational number. We know that the difference of rational and irrational number is an irrational number. Therefore, 3 - V7 is an irrational number. Hence, a and b are irrational numbers.z 3 Given, 33 =0.6385542168674699 a3 Output is a rational number, beeause it ean be written b/g. where p=53 and 920. Here, prime factors of 35 Prime factors of 25 =5 x5 Prime factors of 55 =5x1 4 =83 both are integers and =5x7 Prime factors of 209 =11x19) Prime factors of 133 =7 x 19 ‘Then, the given figure (factor free) is In alphabet, 7 is G, E,11isK, 19188, So, starting clockwise from *, the word formed by the numbers in the inner eire Given 2" is not di Ie is GEEKS, le by 6, where n is a positive integer. It is a true statement. 2x2x2x2% Its only prime factor is 2 .n times, 10. 1 s divisible by We knove that a number is ib divisible by both 2 and 3 : 50, 2" is not divisible by 6 as itis eae by3. 1 of natural number, Given, prime factorisatio ka 3xSxp. P#2, Prime factorisation of 10 = 25 Prime factorisation of 10K" (2x5) x5 x pF (251325? p?) 2 2x3?xS xp? away =3 Given, mumberaf ows of pn Rohan takes ‘pan mumbr of pens Roh have = 24 Far atcalumn of pens Rohan takes say aos 5 ‘Total number of pens Sarah takes =18 She takes vo columns of pen, so, number of rows she takes =!8 =9 ‘Thus, in rectangular arrangement, number of rows =349=12 and number of columns =: ice, there are 8 pens in each row and 12 pens in each column. ‘The remaining pens =(8x12)-(24+ 18) Prime factorisation of 54 = 2x3%3x3 = 2x3? Remaining 54 pens are arranged in p rows and ¢ column, where p is a prime number. So possible values of p are 2 or 3.