May 2023

Question No: 1

a)
√1 + sin 𝑡 = √[𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝑡/2) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑡/2) + 2 sin (𝑡/2)cos (𝑡/2)]
2
= √[sin(𝑡/2) + cos(𝑡/2) ] = sin(𝑡/2) + cos (𝑡/2)
1/2 1/2
∴ 𝐿√1 + sin 𝑡 = 𝐿 [sin(𝑡/2) + cos(𝑡/2) ] = +
𝑠 2 +(1/2)2 𝑠 2 +(1/2)2

1 4 4𝑠 4𝑠+2 2(2𝑠+1)
= . (4𝑠2 + (4𝑠 2 +1)
= (4𝑠2 = (4𝑠2
2 +1) +1) +1)

𝑑 2(2𝑠 + 1) (4𝑠 2 + 1)2 − (2𝑠 + 1)8𝑠

∴ 𝐿[𝑡√1 + sin 𝑡] = − [ ] = −2 [ ]
𝑑𝑠 (4𝑠 2 + 1) (4𝑠 2 + 1)2
[−8𝑠 2 −8𝑠+2] (4𝑠 2 +4𝑠−1)
= −2 (4𝑠 2 +1)2
=4 (4𝑠 2 +1)2

b)
We Have,
𝑓(𝑧) = (𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑦 2 + 𝑥) + 𝑖(𝑑𝑥 2 𝑦 − 2𝑦 3 + 𝑒𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦)
We Know,
𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑢 + 𝑖𝑣
By comparing.
𝑢 = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑦 2 + 𝑥
∴ 𝑢𝑥 = 3𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 + 1
𝑢 𝑦 = 2𝑏𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑐𝑦
&
𝑣 = 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑦 − 2𝑦 3 + 𝑒𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦
∴ 𝑣𝑥 = 2𝑑𝑥𝑦 + 𝑒𝑦
𝑣𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥 2 − 6𝑦 2 + 𝑒𝑥 + 1
As Function is analytic, it will satisfy CR eq.
𝑢𝑥 = 𝑣𝑦 & 𝑢𝑦 = −𝑣𝑥

𝐵𝑦 𝑢𝑥 = 𝑣𝑦 ,
3𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 + 1 = 𝑑𝑥 2 − 6𝑦 2 + 𝑒𝑥 + 1
Comparing Variables.
3𝑎𝑥 2 = 𝑑𝑥 2 → 𝑑 = 3𝑎 → (1)
6𝑥 = 𝑒𝑥 →𝑒=6
𝑏𝑦 2 = −6𝑦 2 → 𝑏 = −6

By 𝑢𝑦 = −𝑣𝑥
2𝑏𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑐𝑦 = −(2𝑑𝑥𝑦 + 𝑒𝑦) = −2𝑑𝑥𝑦 − 𝑒𝑦

By comparing Variables.
2𝑏𝑥𝑦 = −2𝑑𝑥𝑦
𝑏 = −𝑑 → 𝐴𝑠 𝑏 = −6
𝑑=6
2𝑒𝑦 = −𝑒𝑦
𝑒 = −2𝑐
𝐴𝑠, 𝑒 = 6
6 = −2𝑐
𝑐 = −3
From (1)
𝑑 = 3𝑎
6
𝑎=𝑑=
3
𝑎=2

∴ 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = −6, 𝑐 = −3
𝑑 = 6, 𝑒 = 6
c) Given :

X y 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖 = 𝑅1 − 𝑅2 𝑑𝑖 2
85 78 2.5 3.5 -1 1
74 91 6 1 5 25
85 78 2.5 3.5 -1 1
50 58 10 9 1 1
65 60 8 8 0 0
78 72 4 5 -1 1
74 80 6 2 4 16
60 55 9 10 -1 1
74 68 6 7 -1 1
90 70 1 6 -5 25
∑ 𝑑2 = 72

Here 𝑚1 = 2, 𝑚2 = 3, 𝑚3 = 2 & 𝑛 = 10

(𝑚1 3 −𝑚1 ) (𝑚2 3 −𝑚2 ) (𝑚3 3 −𝑚3 )

[∑ 𝑑𝑖 2 + + + ]
12 12 12
𝑅 =1−6
𝑛3 −𝑛

6 24 6
[72+ + + ]
12 12 12
=1−6
103 −10
= 1 − 0.454
𝑅 = 0.545

d)
𝑠+𝑎 1 𝑑 𝑠+𝑎
𝐿−1 [𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )] = − . 𝐿−1 [ 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )]
𝑏 𝑡 𝑑𝑠 𝑏
1 1 1 1 𝑏
= − . 𝐿−1 [ 𝑠+𝑎 2
. ] = − . 𝐿−1 [ ]
𝑡 1+[ ] 𝑏 𝑡 (𝑠+𝑎)2 +𝑏2
𝑏
1 𝑏 1
= − 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 . 𝐿−1 ( 2 2) = − 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 sin 𝑏𝑡
𝑡 𝑠 +𝑏 𝑡
 Question No: 2
a)
3
We have 𝐿(sin 3𝑢) =
𝑠 2 +9
𝑑 3 3.2𝑠
∴ 𝐿(𝑢 sin 3𝑢) = − ( )=
𝑑𝑠 𝑠 2 +9 (𝑠 2 +9)2

𝑡 1 6𝑠 6
∴ 𝐿 [∫0 𝑢 sin 3𝑢 𝑑𝑢] = . (𝑠2 2 = (𝑠2 2
𝑠 +9) +9)

𝑡 6 6
∴ 𝐿 [𝑒 −4𝑡 ∫0 𝑢 sin 3𝑢 𝑑𝑢] = ((𝑠 +4)2 +9)2
= (𝑠2
+8𝑠+25)2

c)
∞ ∞
2
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑎0 + ∑ 𝑎𝑛 cos 𝑛𝑥 + ∑ 𝑏𝑛 sin 𝑛𝑥 𝑖𝑛 (0, 2𝜋)
𝑛=1 𝑛=1
2𝜋
1 2𝜋 1 2𝜋 1 𝑥3 4𝜋2
Then, 𝑎0 =
2𝜋
∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 2𝜋
∫0 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝜋 [ 3 ] =
3
0
1 2𝜋 1 2𝜋
𝑎𝑛 =
𝜋
∫0 𝑓(𝑥) cos 𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋
∫0 𝑥 2 cos 𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥

By the generalised rule of integration by parts.

1 2 sin 𝑛𝑥 cos 𝑛𝑥 sin 𝑛𝑥 2𝜋 1 4𝜋 4
𝑎𝑛 = [𝑥 ( ) − 2𝑥 (− ) + 2 (− )] = [ ] =
𝜋 𝑛 𝑛2 𝑛3 0 𝜋 𝑛2 𝑛2
1 2𝜋 1 2𝜋 2
𝑏𝑛 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥) sin 𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 sin 𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝜋 0 𝜋 0
1 cos 𝑛𝑥 sin 𝑛𝑥 cos 𝑛𝑥 2𝜋
= [𝑥 2 (− ) − 2𝑥 (− ) + 2 (− )]
𝜋 𝑛 𝑛2 𝑛3 0
1 4𝜋2 2 2 4𝜋
= [{− + } − { 3 }] =
𝜋 𝑛 𝑛3 𝑛 𝑛

Putting these values in (1),

4𝜋2 1 1
𝑥2 = + 4 ∑∞
𝑛=1 cos 𝑛𝑥 − 4𝜋 ∑∞
𝑛=1 sin 𝑛𝑥
3 𝑛2 𝑛
 4𝜋2 cos 𝑥 cos 2 𝑥 cos 3𝑥 sin 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 sin 3𝑥
∴ 𝑥2 = + 4[ + + + ⋯ ] − 4𝑛 [ + + + ⋯]
3 12 22 32 1 2 3

Now, put x =𝜋,

4𝜋2 1 1 1 1
∴ 𝜋2 = + 4 [− + − + …]
3 12 22 32 42

𝜋2 1 1 1 1
− = −4 [− − + − …]
3 12 22 32 42
𝜋2 1 1 1 1
∴ = − + − …
12 12 22 32 42

b) Given
𝑘𝑥 2 (1 − 𝑥 3 ) 0≤𝑥≤1
𝑓(𝑥) = { 0 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒

We Know,
∞
∫−∞ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 1
1
∫0 𝑘𝑥 2 (1 − 𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑥 = 1
1
𝑘 [∫0 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 5 𝑑𝑥 ] = 1
1
𝑥3 𝑥6
𝑘[ − ] =1
3 6 0

1 1
[𝑘 [(3 − 6) − (0 − 0)]] = 1

3
𝑘[ ] = 1
18
18
𝑘=
3

𝑘=6
 Question No: 3
a)
2 sin 2𝑥
𝑊𝑒 𝐻𝑎𝑣𝑒, 𝑢 + 𝑣 = , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑓(𝑧)
𝑒 2𝑦 +𝑒 −2𝑦−2 cos 2𝑥

𝑓 (𝑧) = 𝑢 + 𝑖𝑣 ∴ 𝑖𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑖𝑢 − 𝑣
∴ (1 + 𝑖)𝑓(𝑧) = (𝑢 − 𝑣) + 𝑖(𝑢 + 𝑣) = 𝑈 + 𝑖𝑣 say
𝜕𝑈 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉
∴ (1 + 𝑖) 𝑓 ′ (𝑧) = +𝑖 = +𝑖
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉
(When u + v is given we use +𝑖 )
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦

sin 2𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
But 𝑉 = 𝑢 + 𝑣 = [(𝑒 2𝑦 + 𝑒 −2𝑦 )/2]−cos 2𝑥
=
cos ℎ2𝑦−cos 2𝑥

𝜕𝑣 𝜕 (𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2𝑦−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥)(2 cos 2𝑥)−2 sin 2𝑥 sin 2𝑥

∴ − (𝑢 + 𝑣) =
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 (cos ℎ2𝑦−cos 2𝑥)2

−[2 cos ℎ2𝑦 cos 2𝑥 − 2]/ [cos ℎ2𝑦 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥]2 − 𝑣1 (𝑥, 𝑦)

𝜕𝑣 𝜕 2 sin ℎ 𝑦 sin 2𝑥
− (𝑢 + 𝑣) = = 𝑣2 (𝑥, 𝑦)
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 (cos ℎ2𝑦−cos 2𝑥)2

By Milne -Thompson method

𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣
∴ (1 + 𝑖)𝑓 ′ (𝑧) = +𝑖 = 𝑣2 (𝑧, 0) + 𝑖𝑣1 (𝑧, 0)
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥

2(cos 2𝑧−1) 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑧
∴ (1 + 𝑖)𝑓 (𝑧) = ∫ 0 + 𝑖 = 𝑑𝑧 = −2𝑖 ∫ = −2𝑖 ∫
(1−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥)2 1−cos 2𝑧 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑧

∴ (1 + 𝑖)𝑓(𝑧) = −𝑖 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 = 𝑖 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑧 + 𝑐 ′

𝑖
∴ 𝑓(𝑧) = . cot 𝑧 + 𝑐
1+𝑖

b)
𝑠2 𝑠 𝑠
𝐿−1 ((𝑠2 ) = 𝐿−1 (𝑠2+9 × 𝑠2+4)
+𝑎) (𝑠 2 +4)
𝑠 𝑠
𝐿𝑒𝑡 ∅1 (𝑠) = , ∅2 (𝑠) =
𝑠 2 +3 2 𝑠 2 +32
𝑠
1) 𝐿−1 [ ] = cos 3𝑡
𝑠 2 +32
 Put t = x
𝑓1 (𝑥) = cos 3𝑥

𝑠
2) 𝐿−1 [ ] = cos 2𝑡
𝑠 2 +22
Put t = 𝑡 − 𝑥
𝑓1 (𝑡 − 𝑥) = cos 2(𝑡 − 𝑥)

𝑏
3) 𝐿−1 (∅1 (𝑠). ∅2 (𝑠)) = ∫0 𝑓1 (𝑥). 𝑓2 (𝑡 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑡
= ∫0 cos 3𝑥 . cos 2 (𝑏 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
1 𝑡
= ∫0 cos[3𝑥 + 2𝑡 − 2𝑥] + cos(3𝑥 − 2𝑡 + 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥
2
1 𝑡
𝐿−1 (∅1 (𝑠). ∅2 (𝑠)) = [∫0 cos[𝑥 + 2𝑡] + cos(5𝑥 − 2𝑡)] 𝑑𝑥
2

1 sin (5𝑥 − 2𝑡) 𝑡

= [sin(𝑥 + 2𝑡) + ]
2 5 0

1 sin 3𝑡 sin(32𝑡)
= [(sin 3𝑡 + ) − (sin 𝑠𝑡 + )]
2 5 5
1 6 4
= [ sin 3𝑡 − sin 2𝑡]
2 5 5
3 sin 3𝑡 − 2 sin 2 𝑡
=
5

c) x y X XY 𝑥2 𝑥′𝑦 𝑥3 𝑥4
1974 12 -4 -48 16 192 -64 256
1975 14 -3 -36 9 126 -27 81
1976 26 -2 -52 4 104 -8 16
1977 42 -1 -42 1 42 -1 1
1978 40 1 40 1 40 1 1
1979 50 2 100 4 200 8 16
1980 52 3 156 9 468 27 81
1981 53 4 212 16 848 64 256
We Know:

∑ 𝑦 = 𝑛𝑎 + 𝑏 ∑ 𝑥 + 𝑐 ∑ 𝑥 2
∑ 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑎 ∑ 𝑥 + 𝑏 ∑ 𝑥 2 + 𝑐 ∑ 𝑥 3
∑ 𝑥 2 𝑦 = 𝑎 ∑ 𝑥2 + 𝑏 ∑ 𝑥 3 + 𝑐 ∑ 𝑥 4

∑𝑥 = 0 ∑ 𝑥 2 𝑦 = 2020 ∑ 𝑦 = 289
∑ 𝑥𝑦 = 330 ∑ 𝑥3 = 0 𝑛=8
∑ 𝑥 2 = 60 ∑ 𝑥 4 = 708

Put valves in eq.

289 = 8𝑎 + 𝑏(0) + 𝑐(60)
330 = 𝑎(0) + 𝑏(60) + 𝑐(0)
2020 = 𝑎(60) + 𝑏(0) + 𝑐(708)
Solving eq:
𝑎 = 40.41, 𝑏 = 5.5, 𝑐 = −0.576
We know
2nd degree Parabola equation is,
𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥 2
𝑦 = 40.41 + 5.5𝑥 − 0.57𝑥 2
 Question – 4
a)
We know:
𝑓(−𝑥) = 9 − (−𝑥 2 ) − 9 − 𝑥 2
𝑓(−𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛

𝑛𝜋𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎0 + ∑∞
𝑛=1 𝑎𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )
𝑙

3
1 1 3 3 − (−3) 6
𝑎0 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 → 𝐿 = = =3
2𝑙 −3 𝑙 0 2 2
3
1
𝑎0 = ∫ 9 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
3 0
3
1 𝑥3
= [9𝑥 − ]
3 3 0

1 279
= [(27 − ) − (0 − 0)]
3 3

1 1
= [27 − 9] = × 186
3 3

𝑎0 = 6

1 3 𝑛𝜋𝑥
𝑎𝑛 = ∫−3 𝑓(𝑎). cos ( ) 𝑑𝑥
2 𝑙

2 3 𝑛𝜋𝑥
= ∫0 𝑓(𝑥). cos ( ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑙 𝑙
2 3 2 ). 𝑛𝜋𝑥
𝑎𝑛 =
3
∫0 (9 − 𝑥 cos (
𝑙
) 𝑑𝑥
3
2 (9 − 𝑥 2 )𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑛𝜋𝑥/3) 2𝑥 cos(𝑛𝜋𝑥/3) 2𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑛𝜋𝑥/3)
𝑎𝑛 = [ − + ]
3 (𝑛𝜋𝑥/3) (𝑛𝜋𝑥/3)2 (𝑛𝜋𝑥/3)3
0

2 (0).𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑛𝜋) 6 cos(𝑛𝜋) 2𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑛𝜋) 9 𝑠𝑖𝑛0 2(0).cos 0 2(0)

𝑎𝑛 = [ (𝑛𝜋/3)
− (𝑛𝜋/3)2
+ (𝑛𝜋/3)3
] −[ − (𝑛𝜋/3)2
+ (𝑛𝜋/3)3]
3 𝑛𝜋/3
 2 −6(−1)×9
𝑎𝑛 = [ ]
3 𝑛2 𝜋 2

−36(−1)𝑛
𝑎𝑛 =
𝑛 2 ⌅2

−36(−1)𝑛 𝑛𝜋𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 9 − 𝑥 2 = 6 + ∑∞
𝑛=1 . cos ( )
𝑛 2 ⌅2 3

𝑛𝜋𝑥
36 (−1)𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠( )
9−𝑥 =6−2 ∑∞
𝑛=1
3
𝜋2 𝑛2

b)
Given table.
X y 𝑥2 𝑦2 xy
78 84 6084 7056 6552
36 51 1296 2601 1836
98 91 9604 8281 8918
25 60 625 3600 1500
75 68 5625 4624 5100
82 62 6724 3844 5084
90 86 8100 7396 7740
62 58 3844 3364 3596
65 53 4225 2809 3445
39 47 1521 2209 1833

∑ 𝑥 = 650 ∑ 𝑦 2 = 45784
∑ 𝑦 = 660 ∑ 𝑥𝑦 = 45602
∑ 𝑥 2 = 47648 𝑛 = 10

∑𝑥 650
𝑥̅ = = = 65
𝑛 10
∑𝑦 660
𝑦̅ = = = 66
𝑛 10

∑ 𝑥.∑ 𝑦 650×660
∑ 𝑥𝑦− (45784)−[ ]
𝑛 10
𝑏𝑦𝑥 = (∑ 𝑥)2
= (650)2
∑ 𝑥2− 47648−
𝑛 10
 2884
𝑏𝑦𝑥 = = 0.53
5398

∑ 𝑥.∑ 𝑦 650×660
∑ 𝑥𝑦− (45784)−[ ]
𝑛 10
𝑏𝑥𝑦 = 2 (∑ 𝑦)2
= (660) 2
∑𝑦 − 45764−
𝑛 10

2884
𝑏𝑥𝑦 = = 1.296
2224

We know,

𝑟 = √𝑏𝑥𝑦 . 𝑏𝑦𝑥

𝑟 = √0.53 × 1.296 = 0.828

Now
Equation of ‘y’ on ‘x’
𝑦 − 𝑦̅ = 𝑏𝑦𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝑥̿ )
𝑦 − 66 = 0.53(𝑥 − 65)
𝑦 − 66 = 0.53𝑥 − 34.45
𝑦 = 0.53𝑥 + 31.55

Equation of ‘x’ on ‘y’

𝑥 − 𝑥̅ = 𝑏𝑥𝑦 (𝑦 − 𝑦̅)
𝑥 − 65 = 1.296(𝑦 − 66)
𝑥 − 65 = 1.296𝑦 − 85.53
𝑥 = 1.296 𝑦 − 20.53
 Question – 5
a)
Given :

3𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥 2 − 𝑦 3 − 2𝑦 2 = 𝑐

Let,
𝑢 = 3𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥 2 − 𝑦 3 − 2𝑦 2 = 𝑐
𝑢𝑥 = 6𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑥 & 𝑢𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 − 3𝑦 2 − 4𝑦
Now,
𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑢𝑥 + 𝑖𝑣𝑥 → 𝑢𝑦 = −𝑣𝑥
𝑓′(𝑧) = 𝑢𝑥 + 𝑖𝑣𝑥
𝑓′(𝑧) = (6𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑥) − 𝑖(3𝑥 2 − 3𝑦 2 − 4𝑦)
Now, Put 𝑥 = 𝑧, 𝑦 = 0
𝑓 ′ (𝑧) = 4𝑧 − 𝑖(3𝑧 2 )
To get 𝑓(𝑧) = ∫ 𝑓 ′ (𝑧)𝑑𝑧
𝑓(𝑧) = ∫ 4𝑧 − 3𝑖𝑧 2 𝑑𝑧
4𝑧 2 𝑧3
= − 3𝑖.
2 3

𝑓(𝑧) = 2𝑧 2 − 𝑖𝑧 3
Put
𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦
𝑓(𝑧) = 2(𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦)2 − 𝑖(𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦)2
𝑓(𝑧) = 2 [𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 𝑖 − 𝑦 2 ] − 𝑖[𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦𝑖 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑖𝑦 3 ]
= 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑦 𝑖 − 2𝑦 2 − 𝑥 3 𝑖 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 𝑖 − 𝑦 3
𝑢 + 𝑖𝑣 = (2𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 2 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑦 3 ) + 𝑖(4𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 )
By comparing,
Orthogonal Trajectory
𝑣 = 4𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 = 𝑐
b) Given :
A fair dice is tossed.
𝑠 = {𝐻, 𝑇}
𝑥 = 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
Let x = no. of head appears,
X 0 1
P(X=x) 0 1/2

1) Mean = 𝐸(𝑥)
= ∑ 𝑥 𝑝(𝑥)
1
=0+
2
1
=
2

2) Variance = 𝐸(𝑥)2 − 𝐸(𝑥)2

1 1
= −
2 4
1
variance =
4

3) M.G.F
𝑀(𝑡) = 𝐸(𝑒 𝑡𝑥 )
= ∑ 𝑒 𝑡𝑥 . 𝑝(𝑋 = 𝑥)
1
= 𝑒0 × 0 + 𝑒𝑡.
2
𝑒𝑡
𝑀(𝑡) =
2

c)
Let

f(x) = 𝑎0 + ∑ 𝑎𝑛 cos 𝑛𝑥 [∵ 𝑙 = 𝜋]
 𝜋
1 𝜋 1 𝜋 2 1 𝜋𝑥 2 𝑥3 𝜋2
𝑎0 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ∫0 (𝜋𝑥 − 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 [ 2 − 3 ]
𝜋 0
=
6
0
2 𝜋 2 𝜋 2
𝑎0 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥) cos 𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝜋 ∫0 (𝜋𝑥 − 𝑥 ) cos 𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝜋 0

2 2 .
sin 𝑛𝑥 cos 𝑛𝑥 sin 𝑛𝑥 𝜋
= [(𝜋𝑥 − 𝑥 ) − (𝜋 − 2𝑥 ). (− ) + (−2) ( 3 ) ]
𝜋 𝑛 𝑛2 𝑛 0
1+cos 𝑛𝜋 0 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑
∴ 𝑎𝑛 = −2 ( ) = { −4/𝑛 2 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑
𝑛2

𝜋2 cos 2𝑥 cos 4𝑥 cos 6𝑥

∴ 𝑥(𝜋 − 𝑥) = − 4[ + + + ⋯]
6 22 42 62
𝜋2 1 1 1
= −[ cos 2𝑥 + cos 4𝑥 + cos 6𝑥 + ⋯ ]
6 12 22 32
 Question No: 6
a)
𝑠+29 𝑎 𝑏𝑠+𝑐
𝜙(𝑠) = (𝑠+4)(𝑠 2 +9)
= =
𝑠+4 𝑠 2 +9

∴ 𝑠 + 29 = 𝑎(𝑠 2 + 9) + (𝑏𝑠 + 𝑐)(𝑠 + 4)

∴ 𝑠 + 29 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑠 2 + (𝑐 + 4𝑏)𝑠 + (9𝑎 + 4𝑐)
Equating the coefficients of like powers of s, we get,
∴ 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 𝑐, 𝑐 + 4𝑏 = 1, 9𝑎 + 4𝑐 = 29 ∴ 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = −1, 𝑐 = 5
1 𝑠−5
∴ 𝜙(𝑠) = −
𝑠+4 𝑠 2 +9

1 𝑠 1
∴ 𝐿−1 [𝜙(𝑠)] = 𝐿−1 ( ) − 𝐿−1 ( 2 ) + 5𝐿−1 ( 2 )
𝑠+4 𝑠 +9 𝑠 +9
1
=𝑒 −4𝑡 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑡 + 5. sin 3𝑡
3

b) x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P(X=x) k 3k 5k 7k 9k 11k 13k
1/49 3/49 5/49 7/49 9/49 11/49 13/49

We know,
1) ∑ 𝑝(𝑥 = 𝑥) = 1
𝑘 + 3𝑘 + 5𝑘 + 7𝑘 + 9𝑘 + 11𝑙 + 13𝑘 = 1
49𝑘 = 1
1
𝑘=
49
 2) 𝑃(𝑥 < 4)
We know,
𝑃(𝑥 < 4) = 1 − 𝑝(𝑥 ≥ 4)
= 1 − [𝑝(𝑥 = 4) + 𝑝(𝑥 = 5) + 𝑝(𝑥 = 6)]
9 11 13
=1−[ + + ]
49 49 49
33
=1−
49
49−33
=
49
16
𝑃(𝑥 < 4) =
49

3) 𝑃(3 < 𝑥 ≤ 6) = 𝑝(𝑥 = 3) + 𝑝(𝑥 = 4) + 𝑝(𝑥 = 5) + 𝑝(𝑥 = 6)

7 9 11 13
= + + +
49 49 49 49
40
𝑃(3 < 𝑥 ≤ 6) =
49

c)
𝑎2
verify Laplace’s equation for 𝑢 = (𝑟 + ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃. Also find v and f (z).
𝑟

𝑎2
Sol.: ∵ 𝑢 = (𝑟 + ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑟
𝜕𝑢 𝑎2 𝜕2 𝑢 2𝑎2
∴ = (1 − ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃, = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝜕𝑟 𝑟2 𝜕𝑟 2 𝑟3
𝜕𝑢 𝑎2 𝜕2 𝑢 𝑎2
∴ = − (𝑟 + ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃, = − (𝑟 + ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝜕𝜃 𝑟 𝜕𝜃2 𝑟

𝜕2 𝑢 1 𝜕𝑢 1 𝜕2 𝑢 2𝑎2 1 𝑎2 1 𝑎2
∴ 2
+ + = cos 𝜃 + . (1 − ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 𝑟 2 (𝑟 + ) cos 𝜃
𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 2 𝜕𝜃2 𝑟3 𝑟 𝑟2 𝑟

∴ Laplace’s equation is satisfied.

1 𝜕𝑢 1 𝜕𝑢
By Cauchy- Riemann equations in polar form 𝑢𝑟 = 𝑣𝜃 ∴ =
𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃
𝑎2 1 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣 𝑎2
∴ (1 − ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 𝑟 . 𝜕𝜃 ∴ = (𝑟 − ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑟2 𝜕𝜃 𝑟
 𝑎2
Integrating w.r.t. 𝜃, 𝑣 = (𝑟 − ) sin 𝜃 + 𝑐
𝑟
𝑎2 𝑎2
Hence, 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑢 + 𝑖𝑣 = (𝑟 + ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑖 (𝑟 − ) sin 𝜃 + 𝑐
𝑟 𝑟
𝑎2 𝑎2
= 𝑟(cos 𝜃 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) + (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) + 𝑐 = 𝑧 + + 𝑐.
𝑟 𝑧