MEA-1130

Problem Sheet 4
Steady, Unsteady Flow Energy Equations and Pure substance Problems
1. Steam enters a nozzle at 400°C and 800 kPa with a velocity of 10 m/s, and leaves at 300°C and 200 kPa
while losing heat at a rate of 25 kW. For an inlet area of 800 cm2, determine the velocity and the volume
flow rate of the steam at the nozzle exit. (Ans. 606 m/s, 2.74 m3/s)
2. Steam flows steadily through an adiabatic turbine. The inlet conditions of the steam are 10 MPa, 450°C, and
80 m/s, and the exit conditions are 10 kPa, 92 percent quality, and 50 m/s. The mass flow rate of the steam
is 12 kg/s. Determine (a) the change in kinetic energy, (b) the power output, and (c) the turbine inlet area.
(Ans. (a) -1.95 kJ/kg, (b) 10.2MW, (c) 0.00447 m2)
3. In steam power plants, open feedwater heaters are frequently utilized to heat the feedwater by mixing it with
steam bled off the turbine at some intermediate stage. Consider an open feedwater heater that operates at a
pressure of 1000 kPa. Feedwater at 50°C and 1000 kPa is to be heated with superheated steam at 200°C and
1000 kPa. In an ideal feedwater heater, the mixture leaves the heater as saturated liquid at the feedwater
pressure. Determine the ratio of the mass flow rates of the feedwater and the superheated vapor for this case.
(Ans. 3.73)
4. Steam at 3Mpa and 400 C enters an adiabatic nozzle steadily with a velocity of 40 m/sec and leaves at 2.5
MPa and 300 m/sec. Determine (a) the exit temperature and (b) the ratio of inlet to exit area. (Ans. 0.1872)
5. A gas turbine is operated with gases (Cp = 0.992 kJ/kg ·K and γ = 1.29) entering it at 10 bar and 1025◦C
and leaving it at 1 bar and 550◦C. Assuming adiabatic flow through the turbine, calculate the power output
of the turbine (in MW) for each kg per second of gases flowing through the turbine. If 120 MW of power is
to be produced by the turbine, determine the mass flow rate of gases flowing through the turbine. (Ans.
254.7 kg/s)
6. A steam turbine producing 55 MW power is fed with steam at 70 bar and 500◦C. Steam leaves the turbine
at 0.08 bar with a dryness fraction of 0.90. Determine the mass flow rate of steam through the adiabatic
turbine. (Ans. 51.2 kg/s)
7. A pump is used to increase the pressure of 25 kg/s of saturated water at 0.07 bar entering the pump to 100
bar and 40◦C. Determine the power input to the pump assuming adiabatic flow through the pump. (Ans. 325
kW)
8. A gas (γ = 1.3) fed to a turbine at 10 bar and 370C, is assumed to expand in a quasi-static process
adiabatically to 4 bar as it flows through the turbine. The gas stream exiting the turbine is mixed with a
second stream of the same gas flowing at 4 bar and 38C, in an adiabatic mixing chamber. The mass flow
rate of the gas through the turbine is 4 times the mass flow rate of the second gas stream. Determine the
temperature of the gas leaving the mixing chamber at 4 bar, neglecting the changes in kinetic and potential
energies and assuming that the gas concerned behaves as an ideal gas. (Ans: 205.6C)
9. An air-conditioning system involves the mixing of cold air and warm outdoor air before the mixture is routed
to the conditioned room in steady operation as shown in figure 1 below. Cold air enters the mixing chamber
at 5°C and 105 kPa at a rate of 1.25 m3/s while warm air enters at 34°C and 105 kPa. The air leaves the room
at 24°C. The ratio of the mass flow rates of the hot to cold air streams is 1.6. Using variable specific heats,
determine (a) the mixture temperature at the inlet of the room and (b) the rate of heat gain of the room. (Ans:
22.9C, 4.88 kW)

Fig. 1
10. A balloon that initially contains 50 m3 of steam at 100 kPa and 150°C is connected by a valve to a large
reservoir that supplies steam at 150 kPa and 200°C (fig. 2). Now the valve is opened, and steam is allowed
to enter the balloon until the pressure equilibrium with the steam at the supply line is reached. The material
of the balloon is such that its volume increases linearly with pressure. Heat transfer also takes place between
the balloon and the surroundings, and the mass of the steam in the balloon doubles at the end of the process.
Determine the final temperature and the boundary work during this process. (Ans: 202.5C, 3125 kJ)

Fig. 2

11. A rigid, insulated tank that is initially evacuated is connected through a valve to a supply line that carries
helium at 200 kPa and 120°C (fig. 3). Now the valve is opened, and helium is allowed to flow into the tank
until the pressure reaches 200 kPa, at which point the valve is closed. Determine the flow work of the helium
in the supply line and the final temperature of the helium in the tank. (Ans: 816 kJ/kg, 655 K)

Fig. 3