Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2144
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph
College of Engineering - Civil Engineering Department

DIMAILIG, JOHN PHILIP C. CE-3216

20-08702 MAY 2024

PROBLEM SET 2

TOPIC: DESIGN OF TORSION REINFORCEMENT

A rectangular doubly reinforced beam has a concrete strength f’c=24MPa with 4m simple
span and has a yield strength of fy=240MPa for longitudinal bars and stirrups. If the beam
experiencing a total factored shear load of 143kN,
a. Calculate the maximum spacing(mm) of stirrups required near the support using two legs
of stirrups considering torsional and shear effect.
b. Calculate the numbers of longitudinal bar if the beam has already 2-
20mm dia. compression bars and 8-20mm tension bars.

Compute the nominal torsional moment:

( ) ( )
2
Φ √ f'c ( Acp )
2
0.75 √ 24 (300(450) ) -6
Tn = = ( 10 )=14.88065019kN∙m
3 Pcp 3 2(300+450)

Compute the for ultimate torsional moment:

T u =Φ T n =0.75(14.88065019)=11. 16048764 kN∙m

Check if torsion reinforcement is required:

P cp =2 ( 300+450 ) =1500mm
2
Acp =300 ( 450 ) =13500 mm

( ) ( )
2
( A cp ) 2
( 13500 )
T th =0.083 λ √ f'c =0.083 (1) √ 24 ( 10 -6 ) = 4.9404kN∙m
Pcp 1500
Since Φ Tn > T th , therefore torsion reinforcement is required

Check if shear reinforcement is required:

Vc =0.17 λ √ f'c b w d
Vc =0.17(1) √ 24 (300 )( 367.5 )( 10 ) = 91.81912301kN
-3

VU ≥Φ Vc
143kN ≥ 0.75 ( 91.81912301kN )
143kN>68.86434226, therefore shear reinforcement is required

Check for adequacy of combined shear and torsion:

P h =2 ( 210+360 ) =1140mm
2
Aoh =210 (360 ) =75600 mm
2
Ao =0.85(75600)=64260mm

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BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
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Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2144
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College of Engineering - Civil Engineering Department

√( )( ) ( )
2 2
Vu Tu P h Vc
+ 2
≤Φ +0.66 √f'c
bw d 1.7 Aoh bw d

√( )( )
2
145 ( 10 3 )
2
(11. 16048764 ( 10 ) ) (1140) 6

(300)(367.5)
+
1.7 (75600)
2
≤0.75
91.81912301
(300)(367.5) (
+0.66 √24 )
1.855921144 < 2.425619465 , therefore section is adequate

Calculate for torsional reinforcement:

At T n
=
s 2 A o f yt cotθ
At 14.88065019 ( 106 )
= =0.4824362677 mm 2 /mm/leg
s 2 ( 64260 ) ( 240 ) cot 45

Checking maximum spacing for torsion reinforcement:

0.25π ( 10 2)
s req = = 162.7983251mm
0.4824362677
1140
s max = =142.5mm=140mm or 300mm
8
Since s max > s req , therefore s=140mm considering torsion effect only

Calculate for shear reinforcement:

Vu
- Vc V s=
Φ
Vs =190.66667 - 91.81912301=98.84754369kN
Av Vs
=
s f yt d
Av 143 ( 103 ) 2
= =1.621315193 mm /mm/2legs
s ( 240 ) ( 367.5 )

Checking maximum spacing for shear reinforcement:

0.25π ( 10 2)
s req = = 48.44204056mm = 40mm
1.621315193
d 367.5
s max = = =91.875mm or 300mm
4 4
Since s req > s max , therefore s = 40mm considering shear effect only

Calculate for total stirrup reinforcement:

A v + At 2A t A v
= +
s s s
Av + At 2
=2 ( 0.4824362677 ) +1.621315193 = 2.586187728 mm /mm/2legs
s

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 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2144
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph
College of Engineering - Civil Engineering Department

Checking for minimum limits:

bw
0.062 √ f'c
f yt

= 0.062 √24 (300

240 )
= 0.3796709101 mm /mm 2

=0.35 (
240 )
bw 300 2
0.35 =0.4375 mm /mm
f yt
0.25π ( 102 ) ( 2 )
s v+t = = 60.73790815mm = 60mm
∴ s = 60mm considering both shear and torsional effect
2.586187728

Calculate for additional area of longitudinal reinforcement:

f yt A t
A l = Ph cot θ
fy s

Al = ( 1140 ) (240
240 )
( 0.4824362677 ) cot 45 = 549.9773452 mm 2

Checking for minimum limits:

0.42 √ f'c Acp A t f yt
− Ph
fy s f yt
0.42 √ 24 (135000)
240
−0.4824362677 ( 1500 )
240
240 ( )
= 433.7295019 mm 2

0.42 √ f'c Acp 0.175 bw f yt

− Ph
fy f yt f yt
0.42 √ 24 (135000) 0.175(300)
240
−
240
( 1500 )
240
240 ( ) = 829.2589035 mm 2

2
Since A l < A lmin , use A l = 829.2589035 mm

Calculate for additional numbers of longitudinal reinforcement:

829.2589035
n= = 10.55845229 ≈ 11pcs
0.25π ( 102 )
Allocating the bars, 4-10mm dia. bars will be added to tension bar, 4-
10mm dia. bars will be added to compression bar, and the remaining 3-
10mm dia. bars will be the web bars
Calculate the design for tension bars:
2 2 2
As=8(0.25π( 20 )+4(0.25π( 10 ) = 900π mm
900π
n= 2
=9 tension bars
0.25π( 20 )

Calculate the design for compression bars:

2 2 2
As=2(0.25π( 20 )+4(0.25π( 10 ) =300π mm

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 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2144
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College of Engineering - Civil Engineering Department

300π
n= 2
= 3 compression bars
0.25π( 20 )
TOPIC: DESIGN OF ONE-WAY SLAB
Design the slab shown figure given the dead load pressure is 11kPa and live load pressure
is 2kPa. Use f’c = 24 Mpa, fy=240 Mpa. The slab has 2.5 m by 6m dimension and beam
dimension is 300mm by 400mm. Use 10mm main bars for top and bottom reinforcement.

Check if one-way slab:

L 6
= =2.4 > 2
∴ One-ways lab
s 2.5

Calculate for thickness of slab (One end continuous):

l 25 0 0-300
h = = = 91.66667 = 100mm
24 24

(
h=100 0.4+
240
700 )
= 74.28571429 = 80mm

Check if thickness is adequate for shear:

wu = 1.2 ( 11 )( 1 ) +1.6 ( 2 ) (1 ) = 16.4kN/m
1.15(16.4)(2.5-0.3)
Vumax = = 20.746kN
2
10
d = 80 - 20- = 55mm
2
Φ Vc =Φ ( 0.17 λ √ f'c bw d )
ΦV c = 0.75 [ 0.17(1) √ 24 (1000 )( 55 )( 10 )-3 ] = 34.35409 kN
Since V umax < ΦV c , therefore slab thickness is enough to resist shear

Maximum positive moment:

2
w u Ln
M up =
14
2
(16.4) (2.5-0.3)
M up = = 5.6697 kN∙m
14
Maximum negative moment:
2
w u Ln
M un =
14
2
(16.4)(2.5-0.3)
M un = = 7.9376 kN∙m
10

Design for bottom reinforcement:

(
M np = ρ req fy 1-
f'c )
ρ req fy
b d2

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 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2144
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph
College of Engineering - Civil Engineering Department

( ρreq (240)
)
6
5.6697× 10 2
= ρreq (240) 1- (1000)(55)
0.9 1.7 ( 24 )
ρreq =0.009
Check for maximum and minimum ρ:

ρmax = (
3 0.85f'c β1
8 fy )
ρmax =
8 240[
3 0.85 ( 24 )( 0.85 )
=0.02709375]
0.25 √ f ' c 0.25 √ 24
ρmin = = = 0.0049
fy 240
1.4 1.4
ρmin = = =0.0058
fy 240
Sinceρ min <ρ req < ρmax , therefore useρ req

2
As = ρreq bd = 0.009 ( 1000 ) ( 55 ) = 495 mm
A b 0.25π ( 102 )
S≤ = ( 1000 ) =158.6663mm

∴ Use S = 150mm for bottom reinforcement

As 495

Calculate the design for top reinforcement:

M nu =ρ req fy 1- ( ρreq fy
f'c )
b d2

( ρreq (240)
)
6
7.9376× 10 2
= ρreq (240) 1- (1000)(55)
0.9 1.7 ( 24 )
ρreq =0.01317

Check for maximum and minimum ρ:

ρmax = (
3 0.85f'c β1
8 fy )
ρmax =
[
3 0.85 ( 24 ) ( 0.85 )
8 240 ]
= 0.02709375

0.25 √ f ' c 0.25 √ 24

ρmin = = =0.0049
fy 240
1.4 1.4
ρmin = = =0.0058
fy 240
Sinceρ min <ρ req < ρmax , therefore useρ req

2
As = ρreq bd = 0.01317 ( 1000 ) ( 55 ) =724.2481963 mm
A b 0.25π ( 102 )
S≤ = ( 1000 ) =108.4432336mm
As 724.2481963

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 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2144
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph
College of Engineering - Civil Engineering Department

∴ Use S=100mm for top reinforcement

TOPIC: DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLAB

Design the interior slab shown in the figure if the dead load pressure is 10kPa and live
load pressure is 2kPa. Use f’c = 24MPa, fy=240MPa. The slab has 4m by 6m dimension and
beam dimension is 300mm by 400mm. Use 10mm main bars for top and bottom reinforcement.

Check if two-way slab:

la = 4m
lb = 6 m
lb 6
= = 1. 5 < 2

∴ Two-way s la b
la 4

Calculate for thickness of slab (interior slab):

2 ( lb + la ) 2 ( 6000+ 400 0 )
h = = = 111.1111mm ≈ 1 2 0m m
180 180

Calculate for ultimate loads:

U DL = 1.2 ( 10 ) = 1 2 kPa
U ¿ = 1.6 ( 2 ) = 3.2 kPa
U L = 1 2+3. 2 = 15.2 kPa

Check if thickness is adequate for shear (CASE 2):

l a 4 000
= m =
=0. 67
lb 6000
a. Find value of shear @short direction:

Wa
la
lb( = 0. 67 = 0.83
)
b. Find value of shear @long direction:

Wb
la
lb (= 0. 67 = 0. 17
)
∴83% of the load is transmitted in the short direction and 17% is
transmitted in the long direction

0. 83 (1 5.2)(4)
RA = = 25.232 k N
2

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 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2144
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph
College of Engineering - Civil Engineering Department

10
d a =1 2 0 - 20 -
= 9 5m m
2
10
d b =12 0 - 20 - 10 - = 8 5m m
2
Vu @d = 25.232 - 0.0 95 ( 0. 83 ) ( 15.2 ) = 24 .03348 k N

Φ Vc = Φ ( 0.17 λ √ f'c b w d )
ΦV c = 0.75 [ 0.17(1) √ 24 (1000 )( 9 5 )( 10 )-3 ] = 59.33889 k N
Since V u < ΦV c , therefore slab thickness is enough to resist shea r

Calculate for negative moment at continuous edge:

a) SHORT DIRECTION
 Negative moment at continuous edge:

(
la
Ca = 0.67 = 0.0758
lb )
2
M a = Ca W l a
2
M a = 0.0 758 (15.2 )( 4 ) = 18.43456 kN∙m/m

 Positive moment at midspan:

Cad
la
lb( = 0.67 = 0 .0312
)
2
M ad = Cad W DL l a
2
M ad = 0.0312 ( 1 0 ) ( 4 ) = 4.992 kN∙m/m

Cal
( la
lb )
=0. 67 =0. 0514
2
M al = Cal W LL l a
2
M a l = 0 .0514 ( 2 ) ( 4 ) = 1. 6448 kN∙m/m

M a = M ad + M al
M a = 4. 992 + 1. 6448 = 6.6368 kN∙m/m

 Negative moment at continuous edge:

1
M a = ( 6. 6368 ) = 2. 212267 kN∙m/m
3

b) LONG DIRECTION
 Negative moment at continuous edge:

Cb
la
lb (
= 0.67 = 0.0152
)
2
M b = C b W lb

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 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
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Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2144
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College of Engineering - Civil Engineering Department

2
M b = 0.0152 ( 15.2 ) ( 6 ) = 8.31744 kN∙m/m

 Positive moment at midspan:

Cbd
la
lb( )
= 0.67 = 0. 0064
2
M bd = C bd W DL l b
2
M bd = 0.0 064 ( 1 0 )( 6 ) = 2.304 kN∙m/m

Cbl
( la
lb )
= 0. 67 = 0.0108
2
M bl = Cbl W LL l b
2
M b l = 0.0108 ( 2 ) ( 6 ) = 0.7776 kN∙m/m

M b = M bd + M bl
M b = 2.304 + 0.7776 = 3.0816 kN∙m/m

 Negative moment at continuous edge:

1
M b = ( 3.0816 ) = 1.0272 kN∙m/m
3

Calculate for maximum and minimum ρ:

ρmax =
3 0.85f'c β1
8 fy ( ) = 38 [ 0.85
240
( 24 )( 0.85 )
] = 0.0 271
0.25 √ f ' c 0.25 √ 24
ρmin = = = 0.0051
fy 24 0
1.4 1.4
ρmin = = = 0.005
∴ ρ min = 0.00 5
fy 240

Calculate the design for flexural reinforcement

a) SHORT DIRECTION
 Negative moment at continuous edge:

M n = ρ req fy 1- (
ρreq fy
f'c
b da
2
)
(
ρ req (2 4 0)
)
6
18.43456 × 10 2
= ρreq (2 4 0) 1- (1000)( 9 5)
0.9 1.7 ( 24 )
ρreq =0.0101
Sinceρ min <ρ req < ρmax , therefore useρ req

2
As = ρreq b d a = 0.010 1 ( 1000 )( 9 5 ) = 959.5 mm
Ab 0.25π ( 102 )
S ≤ = ( 1000 ) = 81.8549 mm
As 959.5

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 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2144
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph
College of Engineering - Civil Engineering Department

∴Use S=80mm for top reinforcement along short direction at

continuous edge.
 Positive moment at midspan:

(
M n = ρ req fy 1-
ρreq fy
f'c )
b da
2

(
ρ req (2 4 0)
)
6
6.6368 × 10 2
= ρreq (2 4 0) 1- (1000) ( 9 5)
0.9 1.7 ( 24 )
ρreq = 0.00 35
Sinceρ min >ρ req , therefore use ρreq = 0.00 5
2
As = ρreq b d a = 0.005 ( 1000 ) ( 95 ) = 4 75 mm
Ab 0.25π ( 102 )
S ≤ = ( 1000 ) = 165.3470 mm

∴ Use S = 160mm for bottom reinforcement along short

As 4 75

direction at midspan.
 Negative moment at discontinuous edge:

(
M n = ρ req fy 1-
ρreq fy
f'c )
b da
2

(
ρ req (2 4 0)
)
6
2.212267 × 10 2
= ρ req (2 4 0) 1- (1000)( 95)
0.9 1.7 ( 24 )
ρreq = 0.001 1
Sinceρ min >ρ req , therefore use ρreq =0.005
2
As = ρreq b d a = 0.005 ( 1000 ) ( 95 ) = 4 75 mm
A b 0.25π ( 10 2)
S ≤ = ( 1000 ) = 165.3470 mm

∴ Use S = 160mm for bottom reinforcement along short

A s 4 75

direction at discontinuous edge.

b) LONG DIRECTION
 Negative moment at continuous edge:

M n = ρ req fy 1- (
ρreq fy
f'c
b db
2
)
(ρreq (2 4 0)
)
6
8.31744 × 10 2
= ρ req (2 4 0) 1- (1000)( 8 5)
0.9 1.7 ( 24 )
ρreq =0.0 055
Sinceρ min <ρ req < ρmax , therefore useρ req

2
As = ρ req b d b = 0.0 055 ( 1000 ) ( 8 5 ) = 467.5 mm
Ab 0.25π ( 10 2)
S ≤ = ( 1000 ) = 16 7.9996 mm
As 467.5

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 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2144
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph
College of Engineering - Civil Engineering Department

∴ Use S =160mm for top reinforcement along long direction at

continuous edge.

 Positive moment at midspan:

(ρ fy
M n = ρ req fy 1- req
f'c
b d b2 )
(
ρ req (2 4 0)
)
6
3.0816 × 10 2
= ρreq (2 4 0) 1- (1000)( 8 5)
0.9 1.7 ( 24 )
ρreq = 0.00 20
Sinceρ min >ρ req , therefore use ρreq = 0.005

2
As = ρreq b d b = 0.005 ( 1000 )( 8 5 ) = 4 25 mm
Ab 0.25π ( 102 )
S ≤ = ( 1000 ) = 184.79957 mm

∴ Use S = 180mm for bottom reinforcement along short

As 4 25

direction at midspan.

 Negative moment at discontinuous edge:

(ρ fy
M n = ρ req fy 1- req
f'c
b d b2 )
(
ρreq (2 4 0)
)
6
1.0272 ×10 2
= ρreq (2 4 0) 1- (1000) ( 8 5)
0.9 1.7 ( 24 )
ρreq = 0.00 07
Sinceρ min >ρ req , therefore use ρreq = 0.005

2
As = ρreq b d b = 0.005 ( 1000 )( 8 5 ) = 4 25 mm
Ab 0.25π ( 102 )
S ≤ = ( 1000 ) = 184.79957 mm

∴ Use S = 180mm for bottom reinforcement along short

As 4 25

direction at discontinuous edge.

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 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2144
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph
College of Engineering - Civil Engineering Department

TOPIC: DESIGN OF TIED COLUMN

Design a square tied column to support a total factored load of 1430kN with concrete
strength of f’c = 24MPa yield strength of fy=240MPa. Given that the main reinforcement has
25mm dia., assuming 2% longitudinal steel is desired. Determine also the maximum spacing of a
10mm lateral ties with same yield strength of main reinforcement, with 30mm steel covering.

Calculate the dimension of the column:

[
P u = Φ 0.85 ( 0.85f'c ( Ag - A st ) +fy A st ) ]
[
1430× 103 = ( 0.75 ) 0.85 ( 0.85 (24 ) ( A g -0.02 A g ) +240 ( 0.02 Ag ) ) ]
2
Ag = 90478.2694 mm

b = √ 90478.2694 = 300.7960595mm
∴ Use b = 310mm

Calculate required steel area of longitudinal bar:

Ast = 0.02Ag

Ast = 0.02 ( 3102 ) = 1922 mm 2

Calculate the design for main reinforcement:

Ast
n=
Ab
1922
n= =3.915466248
0.25π ( 252 )
∴ Use n = 4pcs of main reinforcement

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 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2144
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph
College of Engineering - Civil Engineering Department

Calculate for maximum spacing of lateral ties:

a. 16 d b =16 ( 25 ) =400mm

c. Least dimension of the column = 300mm

b. 48 d t =48 ( 10 ) =480mm

∴ s = 300mm

TOPIC: ANALYSIS OF TIED COLUMN

Analyze a square tied column with 300mm by 300mm dimension. It is design with
concrete strength of f’c = 24MPa and using a deformed grade 40 steel bar with yield strength
fy=240MPa. Given that the main reinforcement has 8-25mm dia. bars
a. Calculate for nominal axial load it can support.
b. Calculate the axial live load if the column support axial deadload of 143kN

Calculate the ultimate axial load:

[
P u = Φ 0.85 ( 0.85f'c ( Ag - Ast ) +fy A st ) ]
[
P u = 0.75 0.85 ( 0.85 ( 24 ) ( 300 -0.25π ( 25 ) ( 8 ) ) + ( 240 ) (0.25π ( 25 ) ( 8 ) ) )
2 2 2
]
P u = 1720209.079N = 1720.209079kN

Calculate the nominal axial load:

Pu
Pn=
Φ
1720.209079kN
Pn = = 2293.612106kN
0.75

Calculate the axial live load:

P u = 1.2DL+1.6LL

1720.209079kN = 1.2 ( 143 ) +1.6LL

LL = 967.8806744kN

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 Republic of the Philippines
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2144
E-mail Address: [email protected] | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph
College of Engineering - Civil Engineering Department

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