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SA - Frames

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45 views32 pages

SA - Frames

Uploaded by

Ahmad Ibrahim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Axial Force, Shear Force and Bending Moment

Chapter-03 Analysis of Statically


Determinate Rigid Jointed Plane Frames

• Axial force diagrams


• Shear force diagrams
• Bending moment diagrams

Prepared by Dr. Munir Ahmed


Axial Force, Shear Force and Bending Moment
axial force is the force in the beam/column acting along its longitudinal
axis.

Shear force is the force in the beam/column acting perpendicular to its


longitudinal axis. It is equal to the sum of the forces to the left/right of
the section considered.

Bending Moment is the moment of the force in the beam/column


about axis perpendicular to longitudinal axis. It is the summation of the
moment of the forces to the left /right of the section considered.

Prepared by Dr. Munir Ahmed


Shear Force and Bending Moment Sign Conventions

Prepared by Dr. Munir Ahmed


Shear Force and Bending Moment

• The shear force diagram indicates the shear force


withstood by the beam section along the length
of the beam.
• The bending moment diagram indicates the
bending moment withstood by the beam section
along the length of the beam.

Prepared by Dr. Munir Ahmed


Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagrams
Example-01:

Vx=6-3x

Mx=6x-3x.x/2

at x=0; VA=6, MA=0

at x=2m; VC=6-3x2=0, MC=6x2-3x2x2/2= 6

at x=4m; VB=6-3x4=-6, MB=6x4-3x4x4/2= 0

Prepared by Dr. Munir Ahmed


4.4 Shear and Moment Diagrams for a Frame

 A frame is composed of several connected members that are


either fixed or pin connected at their ends.

 The design of these structures often requires drawing the


shear and moment diagrams for each of the members.

 To analyze any problem requires first determining the reactions


at the frame supports.

 Then, using the method of sections, we find the axial force,


shear force, and moment acting at the ends of each member.
Provided all loadings are resolved into components acting
parallel and perpendicular to the member’s axis, the shear and
moment diagrams for each member can then be drawn as
described previously.
Prepared by Dr. Munir Ahmed
4.4 Shear and Moment Diagrams for a Frame

 When drawing the moment diagram, one of two sign


conventions is used in practice.

 In particular, if the frame is made of reinforced concrete,


designers often draw the moment diagram positive on the
tension side of the frame.

 In other words, if the moment produces tension on the outer


surface of the frame, the moment diagram is drawn positive on
this side.

 Since concrete has a low tensile strength, it will then be


possible to tell at a glance on which side of the frame the
reinforcement steel must be placed.

Prepared by Dr. Munir Ahmed


4.4 Shear and Moment Diagrams for a Frame

 In this text, however, we will use the opposite sign convention


and always draw the moment diagram positive on the
compression side of the member.

Prepared by Dr. Munir Ahmed


Example-02:

Draw the moment diagram for the tapered frame shown in Fig. a.
Assume the support at A is a roller and B is a pin.

Step-1: Determine external, internal, and total determinacy

r=3, n=2, j=3, c=0, Ee=3


De=External determinacy=r-Ee=3-3=0 Determinate
Di=Internal determinacy=3n+r-3j-c=3x2+3-3x3-0=0 Determinate
Dt=Di-De=0-0=0
Prepared by Dr. Munir Ahmed
Step-2: Find External Reaction using ΣMB=0, ΣFx=0, ΣFy=0,

RBX

D RBy

RAy

ΣFx=0; RBX – 3 =0; RBX= 3 Kips


ΣMB=0
RAy x 15- 3 x 5-5 x15=0
RAy =90/15= 6 Kips
RAy + RBy =5; RBy = 5-6=-1

Prepared by Dr. Munir Ahmed


Step-3: Draw free body diagram of the each member and solve
like beam to determine shear force and bending moment
diagram.

Member AC;
0<=y<6ft: V=0, M=0,
6ft<=y<11ft: V=-3 Kips, M=-3 (Y-6),
Y=0; MA=0, VAX=0, Y=6; MD=0, VDx=-3, Y=11; VCx=-3, MC=-3x(11-6)=-15 Kip-ft
Member CB;
0<=x<=15ft: V=1, M=-15+1xX,

X=0; MC=-15=1x0=-15, VCy=1, X=15; MB=-15+1x15=0, VBy=1

Prepared by Dr. Munir Ahmed


Step-4: Bending Moment diagram

Prepared by Dr. Munir Ahmed


Exapmle-02:
Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the frame shown in Fig. 4–18 a. Assume A is a
pin, C is a roller, and B is a fixed joint. Neglect the thickness of the members.

Step-1: Determine external, internal, and total determinacy

r=3, n=2, j=3, c=0, Ee=3


De=External determinacy=r-Ee=3-3=0 Determinate
Di=Internal determinacy=3n+r-3j-c=3x2+3-3x3-0=0 Determinate
Dt=Di-De=0-0=0

Prepared by Dr. Munir Ahmed


Example-03:
Step-2: Find External Reaction using ΣMB=0, ΣFx=0, ΣFy=0,

RCX

RAX

RAy

ΣFy=0; RAy - 2=0; RAy = 2 Kips

ΣMC=0;
RAy x 10- RAX X 20-2 x 5=0; RAX =0.5 k

ΣFx=0; RAX – RCX =0; RCX= 0.5 Kips Prepared by Dr. Munir Ahmed
Step-2: Draw free body diagram of the each member and solve like beam to determine
shear force and bending moment diagram.

Member AB;
0<=y<=10ft: V=-0.5, M=-0.5Y,
Y=0; VA=-0.5, MA=0, Y=10; MB=-0.5*10=-5, VB=-0.5

Member BC;

0<=Z<=15ft: V=1.06-0.1xZ, M=-5+1.06Z-0.1xZ x Z/2


Z=0; MB=-5, VB=1.06

Z=14.14; MC=-5+1.06x14.14-0.1x14.14x14.14/2=0,
VC=1.06-0.1x14.14=-0.354

Prepared by Dr. Munir Ahmed


Practice Problem-01: Draw the shear and moment diagrams for each member of the frame.
Assume the support at A is a pin and D is a roller

Prepared by Dr. Munir Ahmed


Example-04:

Prepared by Dr. Munir Ahmed


Prepared by Dr. Munir Ahmed
Prepared by Dr. Munir Ahmed
12 45.5

48 kN-m

24kN 24 kN
48 kN-m

12kN
45.5kN

Prepared by Dr. Munir Ahmed


Prepared by Dr. Munir Ahmed
Assume Axial Compression to be Negative
At Joint “C”
Axial Force=-40*cosα-46.5sinα=51.2 kN

At Joint “D”
Shear Force=-40*sinα+46.5sinα=51.2 kN

Prepared by Dr. Munir Ahmed


AFD

45.5 kN
SFD

24 kN
4.1 kN 34.5 kN
X=45.5/16=2.84 m

Prepared by Dr. Munir Ahmed


BMD

Prepared by Dr. Munir Ahmed


Example-05:

Step-1: Determine external, internal, and total determinacy

r=4, n=3, j=3, c=1, Ee=3


De=External determinacy=r-Ee-c=4-3-1=0
Dt=Internal determinacy=3n+r-3j-c=3x3+4-4x3-1=0 Determinate
Di=Di-De=0-0=0

Prepared by Dr. Munir Ahmed


Prepared by Dr. Munir Ahmed
Prepared by Dr. Munir Ahmed
17.17
42.83

97.5 kN-m
12
19.5 7.5
7.5
7.5
97.5 kN-m

17.17 42.83

Prepared by Dr. Munir Ahmed


AFD

SFD

Prepared by Dr. Munir Ahmed


BMD

Prepared by Dr. Munir Ahmed


ASSIGNMENT #02
P-01: Analyze the truss shown below and member force in member HI, HD, and CD using
method of sections

+R

Prepared by Dr. Munir Ahmed


ASSIGNMENT #02
P-02: Analyze the frame shown below using method of sections and draw axial force, shear
force, and bending moment diagram

+R

Prepared by Dr. Munir Ahmed

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