Level: SENIOR HS Score: LAS No.

Name:

School: San Gabriel Vocational High School Schedule: Date:

FRIDAY 10:00 – 11:00
Type of Activity:
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET IN GENERAL MATHEMATICS

Lesson 1 : Functions
Competency: Represent real-life situations using functions, including piecewise functions. M11GM-Ia-1
Learning Intent: Represent real-life situations as mathematical models.
Translate the mathematical model into a function, including piecewise functions.
Identify quantities in everyday life that depend on other quantities
Value Emphasis: Promote sensitivity towards individual differences
Reference: Estallia, Catalina M. et.al GENERAL MATHEMATICS Module 1: Functions Second Edition, 2021
Verzosa, Debbie Marie B. et.al GENERAL MATHEMATICS Leaner’s Material

CONCEPT
Relation – is a rule that relates values from a set of values(called the domain) to a second set of values(called the range)
-Any set of ordered pairs
Function -A type of relation where there is exactly one output for every input. For every x there is exactly one y.
-is a relation where each element in the domain is related to only one value in the range by some rule.

Representation of Functions
1. Functions and relations as a set of ordered pairs
A function can be represented by a machine with an “input” and an “output”. But we can also represent these input
and output values as a set of ordered pairs. For example, if the input value -1 correspond to output 3, then (-1, 3) is
its ordered pairs representation.
Example 1: Which of the following relations are functions?

(b) 𝑔 = {(4, 6), (4, 7), (9, 8), (2, 9), (6, 10)}
(a) ƒ = {(1, 4), (4, 4), (3, 6), (6, 7)}

(c) h = {(1, 3), (2, 6), (3, 9)

Solution: The relations ƒ and h are functions because no two ordered pairs have the same x-value but different y-
values, while ɡ is not a function because (4, 6) and (4, 7) are ordered pairs with same x-value but different y-
values.

2. Functions and relations as a table of values

In a function, we can use the notation ƒ(x) = y for each ordered pair, (x, y) in ƒ. We can also organize these ordered
pair as a table. Thus, a function ƒ can be represented by table of values below:

x -2 -1 3 6
f(x) -2 -2 6 7

1. Functions and relations as a mapping diagram

Aside from the table of values, a mapping diagram may also be used to represent the ordered pairs in a relation or
function. In this case, the relation or function is represented to the set of all the connections by the arrows. Example
3: Which of the following mapping diagrams represent function/s?
Solution: The relations ƒ and ɡ are functions because each 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 corresponds to a unique 𝑦 ∈ 𝑌. The relation h is not
a function because there is at least one element in 𝑋 for which there is more than one corresponding 𝑦-value. For
example, 𝑥 = 7 corresponds to 𝑦 = 0 and 2. Similarly, 𝑥 = 1 corresponds to both 𝑦 = 6 and 8.

1. Functions as a graph in the Cartesian plane

As shown above, ordered pairs can be represented by a table of values or a mapping diagram. A graph in a
Cartesian plane is another representation of a relation or function. A quick way to determine whether a given graph
represents a function is through the vertical line test.

The Vertical Line Test A graph represents a function if and only if each vertical line intersects the graph at most once.

If a vertical line x = a intersects a graph twice, say at (a, b) and at (a, c), then the graph cannot represent a function
because two different y-values correspond to x = a.

Example : Which of the following graphs represent functions?

Solution: Graphs (a), (b), (c) are graphs of functions while (d) is not because the graph did not pass the vertical line test.
Each vertical line intersects the graphs at two points.

3. Functions and relations as an equation Example 5: Which of the following represents a function?
a. y = 3x + 4 b.y = x + 2 c. x2 + y2 = 1

Solution: All are relations but not all are functions. Equation (c) is not a function because we can find an x-value tha
corresponds to more than one y-values (ex. If x = 0, then y can be + 1 or -1.

Functions as Representations of Real-Life Situations

Functions can often be used to model real life situations. If you can identify an appropriate functional model then it will lead
you to a better understanding of various phenomena.

1. A linear function is a function of the form ƒ(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏, where a ≠ 0.

Definition.

2. A quadratic function is a function of the form ƒ(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑎 ≠ 0.

3. A polynomial function of degree n is a function of the form. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1𝑥 𝑛−1 + ⋯ + 𝑎1𝑥 1 + 𝑎0 where 𝑛
≠0

Below are examples of functions in real life situations:

Example 1: One hundred meters of fencing is available to enclose a rectangular
area next to a river (see figure). Give a function A that can represent the area
that can be enclosed in terms of x.
 Solution: The area of the rectangular enclosure is A = xy. We will write this as a function of x. Since only 100 m of
100−x
fencing is available, then x + 2y = 100 or y= =50−0.5 x . Thus
2
A(x) = x(50-0.5x)
A(x) = 50x – 0.5x2

Example 2: A slice of cassava cake costs ₱30. However, if you buy more than 10 slices of cassava cake, it will be ₱25 per
slice. Use a piecewise function to represent the cost in terms of the slices of cassava cake bought.

Solution: If you bought at most 10 slices of cassava cake, you will pay ₱30 per slice. But if you will buy more than 10, you
will pay ₱25 per slice of cassava cake, Therefore:

{
f ( x )= 25 x ,if x>10
30 x ,if 0< x ≤ 10

Example 3: A user is charged P 500 monthly for a particular mobile plan, which includes 200 free text messages. Messages
in excess of 200 are charged P1 each. Represent the monthly cost for text messaging using the function t(m), where m is
the number of messages sent in a month.

Solution : The cost of text messaging can be expressed by the piece wise function;

( m )=
{500+500( m−200
, if 0<m ≤200
) if m> 200

YOUR TASK
A. Given the following ordered pairs, Identify which of them is a function. Write F for function and Not for
Relation.
_______ 1. F= {(0, –1), (2, –5), (4, –9), (6, –13)}
_______ 2. R = {(a, 0), (b, –1), (c, 0), (d, –1)}
_______ 3. g = (5, –10), (25, –75), (50, –100)
_______ 4. T = {(–2, 0), (–1, 1), (0, 1), (–2, 2)}
_______ 5. A = (3,4) (4,3)
 B. Which of the following diagram represents a relation that is NOT a function? Encircle the letter of the
correct answer.

C. Which of the following table represents a function? Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

A.

B.

D. Which of the following graph represents a function? Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

E.

Expressed the problem in piece wise function

1. A user is charged P 600 monthly for a particular mobile plan, which includes 200 free text messages. Messages in
excess of 200 are charged P1 each. Represent the monthly cost for text messaging using the function t(m), where
m is the number of messages sent in a month.