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Module 3 (Friction Part 1)

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18 views13 pages

Module 3 (Friction Part 1)

Uploaded by

asher01125532553
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Friction

GENERAL CONCEPTS

1. Static friction between two bodies is the tangential force F that opposes the
sliding of one body relative to the other.
2. Limiting friction Fm is the maximum value of static friction that occurs when
motion is impending
3. Kinetic friction Fk is the tangential force between two bodies after motion
begins. It is less than static friction.
4. Angle of friction φ is the angle between the action line of the total reaction of
one body on another and the normal to the common tangent between the bodies
when motion is impending.
5. Coefficient of static friction µ is the ratio of the limiting friction Fm to the
normal force N:
𝐹𝑚
𝜇= (µ is also designated µs)
𝑁
6. Coefficient of kinetic friction mk is the ratio of the kinetic friction to the normal
force:
𝐹𝑘
𝜇𝑘 =
𝑁
Angle of repose a is the angle to which an inclined plane may be raised before an object
resting on it will move under the action of the force of gravity and the reaction of the plane.
This state of impending motion is shown in Fig.

The resultant R of Fm and N is shown in Fig. acting opposite but equal in magnitude to the
force of gravity W = mg. Although motion impends, the body is still in equilibrium. By
trigonometry, α = φ. Hence, the coefficient of friction µ may be determined by raising the
plane to the angle a at which motion impends. At that angle,
tanφ = µ
LAWS OF FRICTION

(a) The coefficient of friction is independent of the normal force; however, the limiting
friction and kinetic friction are proportional to the normal force.

(b) The coefficient of friction is independent of the area of contact.

(c) The coefficient of kinetic friction is less than that of static friction.

(d) At low speeds, friction is independent of the speed. At higher speeds, a decrease in
friction has been noticed.

(e) The frictional force is never greater than that necessary to hold the body in
equilibrium. In solving problems involving static friction, the frictional force should be
assumed to be an independent unknown unless the problem clearly states that motion is
impending. In the latter case, one may use limiting friction Fm = µ N,

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