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Week6n7 ApplicationDerivative

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28 views41 pages

Week6n7 ApplicationDerivative

Uploaded by

wwwchaudry1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Derivative

and its
Applications
Saba Naeem
What does the Derivative tell us?

• The Derivative of a function �(�) gives us another function


�′(�) which can be referred as “
1 3
• For Example if �(�) = 3
� , �ℎ�� �′ (�) = �2 .

• �′(�) = �2 is itself a function but it tells us the slope of


tangent lines to the curve of function at any point �.
What does the Derivative tell us?

• Let us demonstrate it on a program made on GeoGebra


• https://www.geogebra.org/m/BDYnGhbt
What does Derivative tell us?
• Its tells us about the SLOPE of the Function.
However, Slope (rate of change of function) tells us a lot of
things:
Using Derivative
Using Derivative

• When is a function not changing?


when �′ (�) = 0
����� = 0 means � is not changing w.r.t �

Such points �0 , �(�0 ) where �′ (�0 ) = 0 are known as


Stationary Points

• A train is a railway facility where trains to load


or unload passengers.
Stationary Points

• Similarly, the points where the function momentarily


stop or where �′ (�) = 0 are called of
the curve.
Critical Points

• Stationary points are all critical points. But all critical


points are not stationary points. (See definition)
Not all Critical Points are
Stationary Points

But we will mostly


deal with critical
points that are
stationary points.
We will discuss
SMOOTH CURVES
Why are Stationary(critical points)
important?
• Observe at stationary points, a curve takes a turn.. A U-
turn.
• The slope of the function changes direction.
• These points are also local MAXIMA or local MINIMA of the
curve.
Local Maxima/Minima Points-
Extreme Points
How to identify whether a
stationary point is Maxima or
• Two Ways: But lets discuss Minima?
the first way:
Example 1
• Let �(�) = �3 − 9�2 − 48� + 52 defined over the interval (−
∞, + ∞)
1. Find the stationary point of the curve.
2. In which intervals of the domain is the function
increasing and/or decreasing.
3. Which of the stationary point is the local maxima and
minima?
4. Sketch the graph of the function, by using the answers
above. Also find the stationary values( function value) at
maxima and minima point.
Example 1

• Solution: On white-board
Do it yourself
Activity
A brochure for a roller coaster says that, for the first 10 seconds of
the ride, the height of the coaster can be determined by
, where t is the time in seconds and h is the height in
feet.
• What was the height of the coaster at � = � seconds?
• At what time instant(s) during the first 10 seconds , the coaster
momentarily stopped?
• At which intervals, the coaster was going up and when was it
coming down?
• Calculate the maximum and minimum height the rollercoaster can
reach during the first 10 seconds.
Second Derivative
For the function y = �(�)
dy
Slope Function = �′ (�):
dx

• Tells the rate of change of function


• Where Function is increasing/decreasing.
�2 �
= �′′(�):
��2

• Tell us the rate of change of slopes


• Where Slopes is increasing/ decreasing.
• Or in other words, it tells us about of the
graph
Concavity

Observe!
At Maxima, the graph is concave down
At Minima, the graph is concave up.
How to identify a Stationary point
is Maxima/Minima
Inflection Point
Inflection Point

IMPORTANT!
The Inflection point is the point
where most rapid change occurs:
Most rapid increases or decrease
Example 1
• Let �(�) = �3 − 9�2 − 48� + 52 defined over the interval (−
∞, + ∞)
1. Find the stationary point of the curve.
2. In which intervals of the domain is the function increasing and/or
decreasing.
3. Which of the stationary point is the local maxima and minima?
4. Sketch the graph of the function, by using the answers above. Also
find the stationary values( function value) at maxima and minima
point.
5. Redo part 3, by using 2nd derivative test.
6. Find the inflection point.
Example 2

(c) With help of above answer, try to sketch the graph of the
function over the interval 0, 4 .
Example-Word Problem
Exercise
Exercise-Applications
55. (A past paper question) Solution:

Let’s try to understand the question, it asks for value of � where


it has greatest slope of tangent line.

At inflection point, the graph of the function shows most rapid


increase or decrease. Most rapid increase means that the tangent
line has the greatest slope at that point.
Therefore, to find this point, we find inflection point.
At inflection point �′′ (�) = �.
�2 �
• To find inflection point, we know, ��2
=0
• Its not over yet!

We got values of �.
From these two values, which value of � corresponds to the
tangent line with greatest slope?
Because these values might include a value of � that gives least
slope(a negative slope) !!!

The first derivative could help us!


The first derivative tells us about slope, whether its negative or
positive.
If the first derivative at � gives a positive value, then it’s the point
of � where there is positive slope… and vice versa.
55. Solution(cont.)
• �′ (0.577) < 0
Therefore at � = �. ���, the tangent line has
negative slope and since it is a inflection point,
then it will have the least slope(most rapid
decrease) at this point.

• �′ (−0.577) > 0
Therefore at � = �. ���, the tangent line has
positive slope and since it is a inflection point,
then it will have the greatest slope(most rapid
increase) at this point.
Exercise-Application
Good Luck for Mids!

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