JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-I FUNCTIONS

FUNCTIONS
(iii) Horizontal line test : If any straight line
SYNOPSIS parallel to x-axis intersects the graph of the
function atmost at one point then the function is
 Function or mapping :
one-one, other wise it is many-one.
A relation ‘f’ from a set A to a set B is said to
(i.e., intersects the graph of the function in
be function or mapping if every element of set A
atleast two points).
has associated with unique element in set B. It is (iv) All even functions are many-one
denoted by f : A  B . (v) If the function is continuous and entirely
 Image and Pre-Image: If ‘f’ is a function from strictly increasing or strictly decreasing in the
A to B and (a, b)  f, then f ( a)  b , where ‘b’ is domain, then f is one - one, other wise
called the image of ‘a’ under f and ‘a’ is called many-one .
the pre-image of ‘b’ under ‘f’. (vi) All periodic functions are many one.
Note: The number of functions from A to B is  Onto function (Surjection) :
{n( B )}n ( A) f : A  B is called an onto or a surjection if every
element of B has atleast one pre-image in A.
 Domain, codomain, Range : Let f : A  B
 If f : A  B is onto (a surjection) then the
be a function then A is called the domain and B is
called the co-domain of the function f. range = codomain of ‘f’ i.e., f ( A)  B .
 If f : A  B is a function, then f  A , the set of  The condition for a function f : A  B to be a
all f-images of elements in A, is called the range surjection from A to B is n( A)  n( B ) .
of f  If n(A) = n( 2) , n(B) = 2 then the number of
 The range of a function f denoted by f ( A) ,and onto functions from A to B  2n  2
f ( A)  B .  If n( A)  r and n( B )  n ( 2) .Then the
 One-one function (Injection) : number of surjections from A to B is
A function f : A  B is one-one (injection) n r  n C1 (n  1)r  n C2 (n  2)r  n C3 (n  3)r 
if distinct elements of A have distinct images in B. ....  (1) n1.n Cn 1.
Let a1 , a2  A and a1  a2  f  a1   f  a2   Note: If n( A)  n( B) then the no. of onto
(or) a1 , a2  A and f  a1   f  a2   a1  a2 functions is zero.
W.E.1: f : R  R defined by
only.
 Let n( A)  r and n( B )  n then the condition f  x    x  1 x  2  x  3 then f  x is
to define an injection from A to B is r  n and Sol:
the number of such injections is n Pr .
 Note: If r  n then the number of injections is 0.
 Many-one function: (i) Let x1, x2  domain
of f . If x1  x2  f  x1   f  x2  for every
x1 , x2 in the domain,then f is one-one ,other wise Graphically, y  f  x    x  1 x  2  x  3 ,
many-one. (ii) Consider any two points which is clearly many - one and onto.
x1 , x 2  X . Take f  x1   f  x 2  and solve the  Into function : If f : A  B is not onto then
equation if we get x1  x2 only then f is one-one it is called an into function. i.e., there is no
other wise it is many -one . pre-image for atleast one element of B in A then f
is into function.
29
 FUNCTIONS JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-I

 Working Rule for checking whether the v) Horizontal line test: If every straight line
parallel to x-axis from the points in codomain
function f : A  B is onto or into:
intersects the graph of the function at onlyone
(i) Let y  B and y  f  x  and from this find x point then f is bijection.
in terms of y.  y  B if there exists atleast
 Equality of Functions: The functions f and
g are said to be equal if,
one x  A, then f is onto. Otherwise into. i.e., if i) the domain of f = the domain of g
range of f  B, then f is onto, other wise it is ii) f  x   g  x  for every x in domain.
into.
(ii) Horizontal line test : If every straight line
 Constant function: A function f : A  B
parallel to x-axis from points in the codomain is a constant function if the range of f contains
only one element.
intersects the graph of the function at atleast one
 The number ofconstant functions fromAto B is n(B).
point then f is onto. If the line does not cut the
 The graph of constant function is a line parallel to
graph of y  f  x  then f is into. x-axis.
 Range of any constant function is a singleton set.
W.E.2: f : R [0, ) , f  x  x is an onto function  Identity function: Let A be a non - empty
Sol: set then f : A  A defined by f (x) = x ,  x  A
is called the identity function on A and it is denoted
by I A .
 The graph of identity function is a straight line
passing through origin and inclined at an angle
of 450 with x-axis.
W.E.3: f :R  R , f  x   x is an into function E.g: Let A  1, 2,3, 4 , then the identity function
Sol: on A is I A  1,1 2, 2  3,3 4, 4 
 Composite function: If f : A  B and g :
B  C are functions then gof : A  C is defined
by  gof  ( x )  g  f ( x )  x  A is called the
composite function of f & g .
 Bijection (or) one-one & onto function:
 Inverse function: A function f : X  Y is
If f : A  B is both an injection and a surjection defined to be invertible if there exists a function
then f is said to be bijection or one to one and
g : Y  X such that gof  IX and fog  IY .The
onto from A to B.
function g is called the inverse of f,and is denoted
i) If A,B are finite sets and f : A  B is a
by f 1 .
bijection then n  A  n  B  .  If f is invertible then f must be bijective i.e one-
ii) Identity function on any non empty set A is one and onto.
bijection.  If the inverse of a function exists then it is said to
be invertible. The inverse of a function if exists
iii) If A,B are finite sets and n  A  n  B  then then it is unique.
number of bijective functions defined from A to  Graph of y  f  x  and y  f 1  x  are
B is  n  A  ! symmetrical about y  x and intersects on the
iv) A constant function is bijection if n(A)= n(B)=1 line y  x , and also f  x   f 1  x   x when
ever graph intersects.
30
 JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-I FUNCTIONS
 Working Rule to find the inverse of a function  Note: (i)The graph of an even function is symmetric
Let f : X  Y be a bijection function. about Y-axis.

put f  x   y . Solve the equation y  f  x  (ii) If  x, y  is point on the even function then
to obtain x in terms of y..Interchange x and y   x, y  is also point on even function.
to obtain the inverse of f .  f:A  R, A  R is said to be an odd function if
x
W.E.4: f : R   ,1 given by f  x   1  2 . f   x    f  x  x  A .
Then f 1
 x is E.g: y  x , y  x 3 , y  sin x are some odd
Sol: Here f  x is both one-one and onto functions.
 Note: (i) The graph of an odd function is symmetric
Let y  1  2 x or 2 x  1  y or about origin ( symmetrical in opposite quadrants)
 x  log 2 1  y  or (ii) If  x, y  is a point on an odd function graph
f 1  x   g  x    log 2 1  x  then   x,  y  is also a point on the same odd
 Properties of composite function : function graph.
i) If f: A  B, g: B  C are one-one then  Important points of odd and even
gof : A  C is also one-one. functions:
ii) If f : A  B, g:B  C are onto then gof:A  C  (i) A function which is even or odd, when even
is also onto. power is always even function.
iii) If gof: A  C is one-one then f is one-one. (ii) The derivative of an odd function is an even
iv) If gof:A  C is onto then g is onto. function and derivative of an even function is an
v) If f : A  B is a function then odd function.
foI A  I B of  f . (iii) Every function can be uniquely expressed as
the sum of an even and an odd function. i.e.,
vi) If f : A  B and g : B  C are bijections
1 1
then gof : A  C is a bijection & f  x 
2
 f  x   f   x    f  x   f   x 
2
1
 gof   f 1
o g 1 . = {even function} + {odd function}
vii) If f : A  B is a bijection then  Note: (i) A function may be neither even nor odd.
fof 1  I B , f 1of  I A . for example f  x  sin x  x2 is neither even nor
viii) If f : A  B and g : B  A are functions such odd.
that g of  I A and f og  I B then g  f 1 . (ii) f  x   0 is the function which is both even
ix) If f : A  A is a bijection then and odd.

f of 1  f  1 o f  I A . (iii) f  x   c is an even function

x) In general f og  g of . (iv) Every even function y  f ( x) is not one-one
xi) If f: A  B, g: B  C and h:C  D are x  D f .
functions then ho(gof)=(hog) of W.E.5: Identify whether the function
 Even & odd functions:
f  x   xg  x  g   x   tan  sin x  is odd or
f:A  R,A  R is said to be an even function if
even.
f   x   f  x  , x  A . Sol: f   x     x  g   x  . g  x   tan  sin   x  
E.g: y  x , y  x 2 , y  cos x are some even    xg  x  g   x   tan  sin x     f  x 
functions. Hence f  x  is an odd function.

31
 FUNCTIONS JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-I
 Polynomial function: If f: f : R  R is  f  f (x)
defined by (iii)  g   x   g ( x ) ,  x  A  B & g ( x )  0
 
f ( x)  a0 xn  a1 x n 1  a2 x n 2  ..  an 1 x  an , (iv)  f  k  ( x )  f ( x)  k , k  R
a0  0, a1, a2 ..... an  R , n is a non-negative (v) ( kf )( x)  kf ( x ), k  R
integer is a polynomial function of degree n in x n
(vi) f n ( x)   f ( x) , n  0
E.g: (i) x 4  x  2 is a polynomial function.
(ii) x 4  x  2 is not a polynomial function (vii) f ( x)  f ( x) , x  A
 Rational Function: A function of the form  Modulus function(Absolute value function):
f  x
The absolute value or numerical value or the
modulus of real number x denoted by | x | is
g  x  where f(x) and g(x) are polynomial functions
defined as
and g  x   0 is called a rational function.  x if x0
 Algebraic functions: A function f is said 
x  0 if x0
to be an algebraic function if it arises due to a x
 if x0
finite number of fundamental operations like
addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and Thus we have x  0 and | –x | = | x |
root extraction etc, on polynomial functions.
 Transcendental function: The functions  The graph of f  x   x is
which are not algebraic are called transcendental
functions.
E.g: i) Exponential functions
ii) Logarithmic functions
iii) Trigonometric functions
iv) inverse trigonometric functions
E.g: f  x   x3  3 x2  x 2  x  3 x is an
algebraic function where as
 The domain of x is R and range is [0,  )
g  x   x  sin 1 x.
 Properties of modulus function:
x 1
h  x   e .cosh x are transcendental functions. (i) x  a  a  x  a;  a  0 
 Algebra of real valued functions :
(ii) x  a  x  a and x  a;  a  0 
 Definition : Let f : A  B is a function and
i) if A  R then f is called a real variable (iii) x  y  x  y  x, y  0 or x, y  0
function.
(iv) x  y  x  y  x  0 , y  0, x  y
ii) if B  R then f is called a real valued
function. (or)
iii) if A  R, B  R then f is called a real function. x  0, y  0, x  y
 Properties: If f and g are real valued
functions with domain A and B respectively, (v) x  y  x  y (vi) x  y  x  y
then both f and g are defined on A  B when  Step function(Greatest integer
A B  . function) (or) floor function :
 Let f : A  R & g : B  R then The function f : R  R defined by f(x) =  x  is
(i)  f  g  x   f  x   g  x  , x  A  B called the greatest integer function, where

(ii)  fg  x   f ( x).g ( x), x  A  B  x  equal to integral part of x or greatest integer

less than or equal to x. (or) If x is any real number
then there exist integers n and n+1 such that
32
 JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-I FUNCTIONS
n  x < n +1 . Then the integral part of x is defined  x  x1 x2  xn1
as n . It is denoted by [ x ] . (xiv)       ....  x ,nN
n  n   n   n 
 1  2  n 1
(xv)  x   x     x    ...   x    nx
4  n  n  n 
3  Least Integer Function:
2 If x  R then the least integer greater than or equal
1
to x is denoted by (x) is called least integer function
or ceiling function.
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
-1 Eg : (i) (3.2) = 4, (ii) (-2.3) = -2, (iii) (5) = 5
-2

-3
4
-4
3

1
 From the definition of  x  ,we have
(i)  x    1, for  1  x  0 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
-1
(ii)  x   0, for 0  x  1 -2

(iii)  x   1,for 1  x  2 -3

-4
(iv)  x   2,for 2  x  3
 The domain of  x is R and range is Z
 Properties of greatest integer function: 1,  2  x  1
0,  1  x  0
(i) If f(x) = [x + n]=  x   n , where n  I and [.] 
i)  x   
denotes the greatest integer function, 1, 0  x  1
then f(x) = n + [x] 2, 1  x  2
(ii) x – 1 < [x]  x
ii) Domain of (x) is R and Range is Z.
0 if x  I
(iii)  x     x    1 if x  I iii) If k  Z and x  R then (x + k) = (x) + k

(iv) [x] – [–x] = 2n - 1, if n - 1 < x < n, n  I iv) If x  Z,  x    x and
(v) [x] – [–x] = 2n + 1, if x = n + {x}, n  I if x  Z then (-x) = –(x) + 1
(vi) [x + y]  [x] + [y].  Fractional Part of x:
(vii)  x  k  x k , where k  Z For x  R , the function f(x) = x - [x] is called
fractional part of x , it is denoted by ]x[ or {x} .
(viii)  x  k  x  k  1, where k  Z
(ix)  x   k  x  k 1, where k  Z
(x)  x   k  x  k , where k  Z
(xi)  x  x   x 1
(xii)  x  y    x    y  if either x (or) y (or)
both are integers
(xiii)  x    x 
33
 FUNCTIONS JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-I
variable y can be expressed in terms of the
 Domain of  x is R and Range of  x is [0,1)
independent variable x.
 The function  x is neither even nor odd E.g: i) y  x  cos x, ii) y  x  log e x  2 x 3 .

x  2, 2  x  1  Implicit function: A function y  f  x  is

x  1, 1  x  0 said to be an implicit function of x if the dependent

x  x, 0  x  1 variable y can not be expressed in terms of the
x 1,1  x  2 independent variable x only.
 E.g:i) 3 x 2  4 x 2 y 2  2 xy  7 ii) xy  cos  x  y
x  2, 2  x  3
 Periodic function: A function f(x) is said to
i) If x is an interger then x   x  and  x  0 be periodic function if there exists a positive real
number T, such that f(x + T) = f(x), x  D f ,
ii)  x   0
where the least positive real number T is called its
 0, if x  z fundamental period.
iii)  x   x   1, if x  z W.E.6: The period (if periodic) of the function

iv) x = [x] + {x}, [.] denote the integral part and f  x   x   x  b  , b  R ( . denotes the
{.} fractional part of x respectively greatest integer function) is
 Signum Function: The signum function or
signature function is defined as Sol: f  x   x  x  b 
x  b   x  b   b = b   x  b
x 
 if x  0
x  So, f  x  has period 1.  Period  x is 1
Sgn  x    
   Extension of domains: Let a function be
 0 if x  0  defined on certain domain which is entirely non -
negative (or non-positive). The domain of
 1 if x  0 f  x  can be extended to the set
 
i.e Sgn  x   1 if x  0 
 0 if x  0  X   x ; x  domain of f  x  in two ways :
 
Even extension : The even extension is obtained
by defining a new function f   x  for x  X ,
such that f   x   f  x  .
Odd extension : The odd extension is
obtained by defining a new function f   x  for,,
such that f  x    f  x  .

 The domain of Sgn( x) is R and its

 x3  x 2 for 0  x  2
W.E.7 :If f  x   
Range is -1, 0,1  x2 for 2  x  4

 Linear function : The function f defined by Then the even and odd extension of f  x  is
f (x)  mx  c, x  R, is called linear function, Sol : The even extension of f  x  is as follows :
where m and c are constants.
  x  2, 4  x  2
 Explicit function : A function y  f  x  is g  x   3 2
  x  x , 2  x  0
said to be an explicit function of x if the dependent
The odd extension of f  x  is as follows :
34
 JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-I FUNCTIONS

 x  2, 4  x  2 x 2  x(1  y )  y  3  0
h  x   3 2
 x  x , 2  x  0 Quadratic eq. in terms of x and x  R
 b 2  4ac  0 , (1  y ) 2  4( y  3)(1)  0
W.E.8: The domain of f ( x )  sin 1 (log 2 x) is
2

Sol: 1
sin (log 2 x )  0 and 1  log 2 x  1 and
 y  3
 4  0 y  R .  range is R.
W.E.12: The range of the following functions
x0
defined over 0,3
log 2 x  0 & log 2 x  1& x  0 .
0  log 2 x  1 , x  0 x; 0  x 1
 2
f  x    x  1; 1  x  2
20  x  21  x  1, 2   x3 ;
is
 2  x  3
W.E.9:The range of f ( x )  sin 1 x  tan 1 x is
Sol: Obviously the domain of the function is  0,3 .
Sol: Domain of f  x is  1,1
Its range is  0,1 for 0 x 1;
       
sin 1
x ,  , tan 1 x   , 
 2 2   4 4   2,5 for 1  x2 and (8, 27] for 2  x3.
     Range   0,1  (2,5]  (8, 27].
   sin  1 x  tan  1 x  
2 4 2 4
iii) If the graph of the function is known, then
3 3 the range of the function can be obtained
  f x 
4 4 easily from the graph.
 To find the range: W.E.13: The range of x  a  x  b  b  a  is
i) If the domain of f  x  has finite number of Sol:
elements then Range is equal to set of
corresponding values of f  x  .
W.E.10: The range of f : A  B where
A={1,2,3,4} and f  x  is defined as
f ( x )  x 2  x  1 is
Sol. f(1) = 1+1+1 = 3
Similarly f  2   7, f  3  13, f  4   21
Range = {3,7,13,21}
ii) If the domain of y  f  x  is R(i.e. the
set of real numbers) or R-{some finite from figure we conclude range of f  x is
points}or an infinite interval, express x in
terms of y. From this, b  a,   .
(a) find y for x to be defined or real, or iv) By using A.M  G.M  H .M concept.
(b) If a quadratic equation is formed in W.E.14: The range of the function
terms of x then apply the condition of real
f  x   6 x  3x  6 x  3 x  2 is
roots.    0 
x2  x  3
Sol: 6 x  6 x  2 6 x.6 x = 2
W.E.11: The Range of f ( x)  is
x 1 3x  3 x  2 3x.3 x = 2
x2  x  3 x x x x
Sol: f ( x)  = y  xy  y  x2  x  3  f  x  6  3  6  3  2  2  2  2 ,
x 1
35
 FUNCTIONS JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-I

f  x  6     
21. Cosec 1 x R   1,1   2 , 0    0, 2 

 range of f  x  is  6,      
  D
22. 1
Sec x R   1,1  0, 2    2 ,  
   
v) Range of f  x   ax 2  bx  c is  4a , 
  23. Cot 1 x R (0,  )
 D c  a2 b2 ,c  a2 b2 
if a  0 and  ,   if a  0 , 24. acosx+bsinx+c R  
 4a 
25. sinh x R R
where D  b 2  4ac . 26. cosh x R [1,  )
vi) If a 2  b 2  c 2  k , then range of 27. tanh x R (-1,1)
 k  28. cosech x R  0 R  0
ab  bc  ca is   2
, k
 29. sech x R (0,1]
 Domain and range of some 30. coth x R  0 R   1,1
standard functions:
S.No Function Domain Range 31. sinh 1 x R R
1. [-a,a] [0,a] 32. cosh 1 x [1,  ) [0,  )
a2  x2
33. tanh 1 x (-1,1) R
1 1 
2. 2 2 (-a,a)  a ,   34. cosech 1 x R  0 R  0
a x
35. sech 1 x (0,1] [0,  )
3. x2  a2 R   a , a  [0,  )
36. coth 1 x R   1,1 R  0
1
4. R    a, a  (0,  )  Functional equations: If f(x) is a function
x2  a2
such that
5. ax,(a>0, a  1) R (0,  )
6. ex R (0,  ) i) f  x  y   f  x  f  y  then f  x   k x
7. log a x (0,  ) R
k  R  

 a  0, a  1
ii) f  x  y   f  x   f  y  then f  x   kx
8. x R [0,  )
9. [x] R Z iii) f  xy   f  x   f  y  then
10. { x} = x-[ x ] R [0,1)
f  x   k log a x  a  1,a  0
11. x [0,  ) [0,  )
iv) If f(x) is a polynomial function such that
12. sin x R [-1,1]
1 1
13. cos x R [-1,1] f x   f    f x f  
x x
then f  x   1  x n .
   v) If f(x) is a function such that
14. tan x R   ( 2 n  1) : n  Z  R
 2 
f  x  y   f  x  y   2f  x  f  y 
15. cosec x R  n : n  Z  R   1,1
k x  k x
   then f  x   or f  x   cos x
16. sec x R   (2 n  1) : n  Z 
2
R   1,1 2
 
C.U.Q
17. cot x R  n : n  Z  R
   1. f : A  B is a function then A, B aree
18. Sin x1 [-1,1]  2 , 2  respectivley.
1) domain, range 2) domain, co domain
19. Cos 1 x [-1,1] [0,  ] 3) co domain, range 4) range, domain
   2. f : A  B then f(A) is called
20. Tan 1 x R  , 
 2 2 1) domain 2) co domain 3) range 4) function
36
 JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-I FUNCTIONS
3. If f : A  B is a function then 15. The graph of odd function is
1) f(A) = B 2) f(A)  B 1) symmetric about origin
3) f(A)  B 4) B  f(A) 2) symmetric about y-axis
4. If f : A  B is surjective then 3) parallel to x-axis 4) parallel to y-axis
1) No two elements of A have the same image in B 16. The graph of even function is
2) Every element in A has an image in B 1) symmetric in opp quadrtants
3) Every element of B has at least one pre-image 2) symmetric about y-axis
in A 3) parallel to x-axis 4) parallel to y-axis
4) A and B are finite non empty sets 17. The graph of Identify function is
5. A constant function f : A  B will be one-one if 1) Straight line passing through origin
1) n (A) = n(B) 2) n(A) = 1 2) symmetric about y-axis
3) n (B) = 1 4) n (A) <n (B) 3) parallel to x-axis 4) parallel to y-axis
6. If f : A  B is a constant function which is 18. The graph of |x| is
onto then B is 1) Straight line passing through origin
1) a singleton set 2) a null set 2) symmetric about y-axis
3) an infinite set 4) a finite set 3) parallel to x-axis 4) parallel to y-axis
7. If n  2 then the number of surjections that 19. The fucntion f  x    x is
can be defined from {1,2,3,....n} onto {1, 2} is 1) even funciton 2) odd function
1) n 2  n 2) n2 3) 2n 4) 2n-2 3) periodic funciton with period 1
8. If f and g are functions such that fog is onto 4) periodic function but no fundamental period
then 20. Let f be a strictly decreasing function with
1) f is onto 2) g is onto range  a, b  then domain of the function f 1
3) gof is onto 4) Neither f nor g is onto
9. If f and g are functions such that fog is is
one - one then 1)  f 1  b  , f 1  a   2)  b, a 
1) g must be onto 2) g must be one - one
3) f must be one-one 4) f, g need not one-one 3)  f 1  a  , f 1  b   4)  b, a 
10. To have inverse for the function f, f should be
1) one-one 2) onto 21. If f  x   x 2   x   be an integral function
3) one-one and onto 4) Identity function of the integral variable x then
11.
1
If f : A  B is a bijection then f of = 1)  is an integer and  is a rational fraction
2)  and  are integers
1) fof 1 2) f 3) f 1 4) I A
3)  is an integer and  is a rational fraction
12. f : A  B is a bijection then fof 1 = 4)  and  are rational fractions
1) IA 2) IB 3) f 4) f 1 C.U.Q-KEY
13. 2
Let f  x   ax  bx  c, where a,b,c are 01) 2 02) 3 03) 3 04) 3 05) 2 06) 1
07) 4 08) 1 09) 2 10) 3 11) 4 12) 2
rational and f : Z  Z where Z is the set 13) 2 14) 2 15) 1 16) 2 17) 1 18) 2
of integers. Then a  b is 19) 3 20)1 21) 2
1) a negative integer 2) an integer
3) non integral rational number LEVEL - I (C.W)
4) Real number
14. The graph of the function y  f  x  is REAL VALUED FUNCTIONS
symmetrical about the line x  2 . Then 1. Let f :{(1,1),(2,3),(0,-1),(-1,-3)} be a function
from z to z defined by f(x) = ax+b,for some
1) f  x  2   f  x  2  2) f  2  x   f  2  x  integers a,b then (a,b) =
1) (-1,2) 2) (2,-1) 3) (3,-2) 4) (0,3)
3) f  x   f   x  4) f  x    f   x 
37
 FUNCTIONS JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-I

f ( x) 10  x PERIODIC FUNCTIONS
2. If e  , x  (10,10)
10  x 12. The period of cos x 2 is
 200 x  1) 2 2) 2 3) 4 2 4)does not exist
and f ( x)  k . f  2  then k =
 100  x 
1) 0.5 2) 0.6 3) 0.7 4) 0.8 13. Period of f  x   e cosx  sin   x  is (   
3. f : R  R is defined as f ( x)  2 x  x then and  denote the greatest integer
f (3 x)  f (  x )  4 x  (EAM-97) function and fractional part function
1) f ( x ) 2)  f ( x) 3) f ( x) 4) 2 f ( x) respectively)
4. f (1)  1, n  1  f ( n  1)  2 f ( n )  1 1) 1 2) 2 3)  4) 2
then f ( n) = (EAM-92) 14. Let f  x  be periodic and k be a positive
1) 2n 1 2) 2n 3) 2n  1 4) 2n 1  1 real number such that f  x  k   f  x   0
1ln x
7
5. If f ( x )  then f (2015) = for all x  R . Then the period of f  x  is
xln 7
1) 20 2) 7 3) 2015 4) 100 1) k 2) 2k 3) 4k 4) 8k

cos 2 x  sin 4 x 15. The period of f  x   x   x  is

6. If f  x   for x  R then
sin 2 x  cos4 x 1
f  2016  = 1) no fundamental period 2)
2
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4 3) 1 4) 2
7. If f   2, 4  ,  0, 6  ,  2,8  and DOMAIN OF THE FUNCTION
g   2, 1 ,  0, 3 ,  2,5  , then x 2  2x  1
16. The domain of f  x   2
 2 f 3g  x x 6
    0  1) R – {3, –2} 2) R – {–3, 2}
 3g 2 f 
(1) 1/12 (2) 25/12 (3) 5/12 (4) 13/12 3) R – {3, –2] 4) R – (3, –2)
8. If f(x) = sin (log x) then 1
x 17. The domain of f(x) = log x is
f(xy) + f  y  -2f(x) cos (logy) =
 
1) cos (logx) 2) sin (logy) 1) R  0 2) R  0,1
3) cos (log (xy)) 4) 0 3) R - {-1, 0, 1} 4) ( , )
9. If f  x  y, x  y   xy then the arithmetic
3 x  3 x
18. The domain of f(x) = is
mean of f  x, y and f  y, x  is 3 x  3 x
1) x 2) y 3) 0 4) xy 1) ( , ) 2) ( ,0)  (0, )
EVEN AND ODD FUNCTIONS 3) (0, ) 4) (0,1)
x x
10. Let f  x     1 , then f is
x 19. The domain of the function f(x) = log16 x 2 is
e 1 2
1) an odd funciton 2) an even function 1) x = 0 2) x  4 3) x  1 4) x  2
3) both odd and even 4) neitheer odd nor even
11. Which of the following is an even function 1
x x x
a a a 1 20. The domain of f(x) = x  x is [AIE-2011]
1) f  x   2) f  x  
a x  ax ax 1
ax 1 1) (,0) 2) (0, ) 3) (1,  ) 4)  ,  
3) f  x   x
ax 1
 2
4) f  x   log 2 x  x  1 
38
 JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-I FUNCTIONS

1 x2
21. The domain of f ( x) 
 x  x is 31. f  {(x ,
x2 1
) : x  R } ,be a function R into
1) R 2) Z 3) R - Z4) Q-{0} R,range of ‘f’
1 1) [0,1) 2) (-  ,  ) 3) (0,  ) 4) R 
22. The domain of f(x) = x  2  is
log( 4  x )
1) 2,   2)  ,4
32. Range of the function f  x   x  x is

3) 2,3  3,4  4) 3,   1) R 2) 1 3) 0 4)  0,  

23. The domain of f(x) = e x  cos x is 33. Let A  9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and f : A  N be
1)  ,   2) [0,  ) 3) (0,1) 4) (1,  ) defined by f  n   highest prime factor of n,
24. The domain of log a sin 1 x is (a>0, a  1 ) then its range is
1) 0 < x  1 2) 0  x  1
3) 0  x < 1 4) 0 < x < 1 1) 13 2) 3, 5, 11, 13
25. The domain of cosh-1 5x is
3) 11, 13 4) 2, 3, 5, 11
1  1 
1) R 2) 0,   3)  ,   4)  ,   x2  x 1
5  5  34. The range of f(x) = is
26. For which Domain, the functions x2  x 1
f  x   2x 2  1 and g  x   1  3x are equal to 1  1 
1)  ,3 2)  ,2  3) 0,1 4)  1,1
1  1  1  3  2 
1) R 2)  , 2 3)  , 2  4)  , 2 TYPES OF FUNCTIONS
2  2  2 
RANGE OF THE FUNCTION 35. The equivalent function of log x 2 is
27. The domain and range of the real function f
1) 2 log x 2) 2log x
4 x
defined by f  x   is given by 2
x4 3) log x 2 4)  log x 
1) Domain = R, Range = {–1, 1}
2) Domain = R – {1}, Range = R 36. The number of linear functions which map
3) Domain = R – {4}, Range = {–1}  1,1 to  0, 2are
4) Domain = R – {–4}, Range = {–1, 1}
1) One 2) Two 3) Four 4) Three
1
28. Range of f  x   is 37. If A = (3,81) and f : A  B is a surjection
1  2 cos x defined by f(x) = log3 x then B =
1   1 1) 1,4 2) 1,4 3) 1,4  4) 1,  
1)  ,1 2)  1, 
3   3
2 x x
1   1  38. Let f  x   sin  cos 2 and
3) (, 1]   ,   4)   ,1 2 2
3   3 
2 g  x   sec 2 x  tan 2 x . The two functions
29. The range of f  x   x  x  1 is
are equal over the set
3  1  1)  2) R
1)  ,   2)  0,  3) 1,   4)  ,  
4  4 
  
30. The domain and range of the function f given 3) R   x x   2 n  1  2 , n  Z  4) R  0
 
by f  x   2  x  5 is
x
1) Domain = R  , Range = ( ,1] 39. f :R R defined by f  x   2
,  x  R is
x 1
2) Domain = R, Range = ( , 2] 1) one - one 2) onto
3) Domain = R, Range = ( , 2) 3) bijective 4) neither one one nor onto
4) Domain = R  , Range = ( , 2]
39
 FUNCTIONS JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-I

40. If f : Z  Z is such that f  x   6 x  11 then f is COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS

1) injective but not surjective 50. The functions f : R  R, g : R  R are
2) surjective but not injective 3) bijective defined as
4) neither injective nor surjective
41. 0 when x is rational
f : N  A Where A = {0,1} defined by f ( x)  
1 when x is irrational
 0 if x is odd
f  x   . Then f is
1 if x is even 1 when x is rational
g ( x)  
(1) one - one, onto (2) one-one, into  0 when x is irrational
(3) many-one, onto (4) many-one, into
then  fog     gof  (e) = (EAM-01)
42. f : ( ,  )  (0, 1] defined by
1)  1 2) 0 3) 1 4) 2
1
f ( x)  2 is 1
x 1 51. If f  x    a  x n  n then fof  x  is
1) one-one but not onto
2) onto but not one-one 1) x 2) a  x 3) x n
1
4) x n
3) bijective 4) neither one-one nor onto
43. The function f : R  R defined by x
52. If f(x) = then fofof (x) =
x
f  x   4 x  4 is 1  x2
1) One - one and into 2) Many - one and into x x
3) One - one and onto 4) Many-one and onto 1) 2)
1  3x 2 1  x2
Number of functions :
44. The number of one-one functions that can 2x x
be defined from A = 4,8,12,16 to B is 5040, 3) 2 4)
1 2x 1  x2
then n(B)= Inverse of a function:
1) 7 2) 8 3) 9 4) 10
45. If A = 1,8,11,14,25 then the condition to e x  ex
53. If f(x) = then the inverse of f(x) is
define a surjection from A to B is 2
1) n(A) + n(B) = 20
3) n(B)  5
2) n(A) <n(B)
4) n (B) = 10

1) loge x  x 2  1  2) loge x 2  1
46. If A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {1, 2}then the number of 3) log x 
e x2  1 
4) loge x  x 2  1 
functions from A to B are
1) 6 2) 8 3) 9 4) 32 54. If f : 1, 2, 3,.....  0, 1, 2,.... is defined
47. The number of non-bijective mappings that
can be defined from A = 1,2,7 to itself is n / 2 if n is even

1) 21 2)27 3) 6 4) 9 by f  n     n  1 
  2  if n is odd
48. Let A  1, 2,3 and B  a, b, c . If l is 
number of funcitons from A to B and m is then f 1  100  is
number of one-one functions from A to B, 1) 100 2) 199 3) 201 4) 200
then 4 1/ 3

1) l is 9 2) m is 9 3) l is 27 4) m is16 55. I f f ( x )  Sin

1
3  ( x  6)  1
then f ( x) 
49. The number of constant functions possible 4 3
1) 6  3  sin x
4 3
2) 6  3  sin x
from R to B where B = 2,4,6,8,....24 are 4 4
1) 24 2) 12 3) 8 4) 6 3) 6  3  sin x 4) 6  3  sin x

40
 JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-I FUNCTIONS
LEVEL-I(C.W.)-KEY 15. f x   x period is one
01) 2 02) 1 03) 4 04) 3 05) 2 06) 1
07) 2 08) 4 09) 3 10) 2 11) 3 12) 4 16. denominator not equal to zero
13) 1 14) 2 15) 3 16) 1 17) 3 18) 2 17. log x  0 and x  0  x  0, 1,  1
19) 3 20) 1 21) 3 22) 3 23) 2 24) 1
18. 3x  3 x
25) 4 26) 2 27) 3 28) 3 29) 1 30) 2
2
31) 1 32) 3 33) 2 34) 1 35) 2 36) 2 19. x  0 and x  1  x  1
37) 3 38) 3 39) 4 40) 1 41) 3 42) 2 20. |x|–x>0
43) 1 44) 4 45) 3 46) 2 47) 1 48) 3
49) 2 50) 1 51) 1 52) 1 53) 3 54) 3 21.  x  x  0
55) 2 22. x  2  0, 4  x  0 and x  3
LEVEL-I(C.W.)-HINTS 23. x0
1. solve the equations 24. sin–1x > 0  0  x  1
2. f(x) = 2k f(x)
3. expand and it is 2 f(x) 25. Domain of cosh–1x  1,  
4. Put n = 1
 nx n 7
26. 2x 2  1  1  3x   2x  1 x  2   0
5. 7 x
27. denominator not equal to zero.
cos 2 x  sin 2 x 1  cos 2 x  28. 2  2 cos x  2 , 1  1  2cos x  3
6. f x  1
sin 2 x  cos 2 x 1  sin 2 x   1 3 3
2

29. x   
 2 4 4
 2 f 3g  2 f  0  3g  0  25 30. | x | defines for any value
7.    0   =
 3g 2 f  3g  0  2 f  0  12
x2
8 sin(log x + log y) + sin(log x – log y) – 31.
2 2
x  x 1  2   0,1
x 1
2sin (log x)cos(log y) = 0 32. Domain of x = z,  [x] – x = 0 x  z
9. Let x  y  p, x  y  q . Then 33. f(9) = 3, f(10) = 5, f(11) = 11, f(12) = 3,
p  q p  q p2  q2 f(13) = 13
f  p, q   . 
2 2 4 x2  x 1
34. f x   2 y
x2  y 2 y2  x2 x  x 1
 f  x, y   and f  y, x  
4 4   y 1 x2   y 1 x   y 1  0 and x is real
10. f  x  f  x 35. As log x is defined for only positive values of x.
11. verify that the options are even and odd But log x 2 defined for all non zero real values of x,
12. no value of T exist such that f  x  T   f  x  also log x is defined  non zero real x. Hence
cos x
13. f  x e period of  x .i.e. of x   x  is 1 log x 2 and 2log x are identical functions.
 period of f  x  is 1. 36. Width of both interval is same, wich can mapped
by these function y  1  x and y  1  x .
14. We have, f  x  k   f  x   0 ...(1) for all
37. 3 < x < 81  log33 < log3x < log38
x  R . Putting x  k for x, weget 38. Common domain
f  x  2k   f  x  k   0 ...(2) 1
39. f  2   f   , f(1) has no pre image.
  2   1    f  x  2 k   f x  0  2
40. linear function is one one no pre image for y = 0
f  x  2k   f  x  41. f(1) = f(3) = 0  f is not one-one
Range of f = {0, 1}  f is onto
The shows that f  x  is periodic with period 2k.
41
 FUNCTIONS JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-I
42. f(-1) =f (1)  f is not one one
range = codomain  f is onto  x 2  1, x  0

43. Since for different x, 4 x and 4 x are different f ( x)   2 x  1, 0  x  5
3. If
 4 x  3, x  5
postive numbers 
 f is one one also, f is not onto as its range f  3  f  2   f  5
 0,   is a proper subset of its co domain. then 
f 1
44. No. of one-one functions from A to B = n (B)
P4 1) 28 2) 36 3) 26 4) 34
4. If f = {(-1,3), (0,2), (1,1)} then the range of
45. n  A   n  B  n  B  5
nA
f 2  1 is
46. n  B 1) {0, 8} 2) {0,3,8} 3) {0,1,3} 4) {0,2,8}
47. 33 – 3! 1
48. The no. of functions from A to B = 33 = 27 5. f : R  R is a function defined by f ( x) 
2
49. The no. of constant functions from A to B is n(B).
  2
50.  fog    gof  e   f  g     g  f  e   then f   5  
 
 f  0   g 1  0  1  1 1 1
1) 2 2)  3) - 2 4)
 1
n n
2 2
51. fof  x   f  f  x    f  a  x  x 
  6. If f(x) = sin  x   x 2  then the value of
3 
x
52. f  f .........n times   
1  nx 2   
f   is

53. let f(x) = y  3

54. Take f–1(x) = y 3

1) 1 2) -1 3) 0 4)
x 6 4
 x  f  y   5x  6  y  f 1  x  
5 2 1 1
1 7. The function y = f(x) such that f  x  x   x  x2
Let f   100   x  f  x    100  
1) 2 - x2 2) x2 - 2 3) x2 + 4 4) 4x2 - 2
  x  1
  100  x  201 8. If f   a , 1  ,  b ,  2  ,  c , 3  ,
2
4 1/3 g   a ,  2  ,  b , 0  ,  c , 1 
55. 
f 1  x  y  x  f  y  sin1 3   y  6  then f 2  g 2 
1 4 3
f x  6  3  sin x .
1)  a, 1 ,  b, 2  ,  c, 4 
LEVEL - I (H.W) 2)  a,3 ,  b, 2  ,  c, 2 
3)  a, 4  ,  b, 4  ,  c,9 
REAL VALUED FUNCTIONS
4)  a,5  ,  b, 4  ,  c,10 
 x 2 ,0  x  2
1. f is defined by f (x)   3x, 2  x  10 then f(2)= 9. Which of the following relations are functions
 f :  2,1 ,  3,1 ,  4, 2 
1) 9 2) 6 3) 5 4) not defined
2. If f(x) = ax+b, where a and b are integers, g :  2, 2  ,  2, 4  ,  3,3 ,  4, 4 
f(–1) = –5 and f(3)=3, then a and b are equal to
1) a = –3, b = –1 2) a = 2, b = –3 h  1, 2  ,  2,3 ,  3, 4  ,  4, 5 ,  5, 6 
3) a = 0, b = 2 4) a = 2, b = 3 1) f, g 2) g, h 3) h, f 4) f, g, h
42
 JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-I FUNCTIONS
EVEN AND ODD FUNCTIONS 22. The domain of f(x) = Tan-1 (5x) is
10. If f(x) = ax5 + bx3 + cx + d is odd then  1 1
1) a = 0 2) b = 0 3) c = 0 4) d = 0 1)  ,   2) 0,   3) (,0) 4)  , 
11. A function whose graph is symmetrical about  5 5
the y axis is given by 23. The domain of f(x) = 3 x cot x is
1) R 2) R  n : n  Z
 
1) f  x   sin  log x  x  1 
2
    
4 4 3) R  2n  1 2 , n  Z  4) (0, )
sec x  cos ec x  
2) f  x  
x 3  x 4 cot x x x
24. Domain of f  x   is
3) f  x  y   f  x   f  y  x, y  R 2x
4) f ( x)  x 2 1) R 2) R  0 3) Z 4) N
PERIODIC FUNCTIONS 3x
25. Domain of is
12. The period of sgn  x   x   is x 1
1) any real number 2) 0 3) 1 1) R 2) R  1 3) 1,   4)  ,1
4) non periodic function
13. The period of x cos x is RANGE OF THE FUNCTION
 x4
1) 2 2)  3) 4) non periodic 26. Range of is
2 x4
DOMAIN OF THE FUNCTION 1) R – {4} 2) R 3) {–1, 1} 4) R – {–1, 1}
27. If x is positive, the values of
x2  3x  5
14. Domain of f ( x )  2 is f x   3 cos 3  x  x 2 lie in the intervel
x  5x  4
1) [ -1, 3] 2) [-3, 3] 3) [0 , 3] 4) [-3,0]
1) R  1,4} 2) 1,4} 3) 1, 4  4) 1, 4
sin  [x 2  1]
15. Domain of [x] + x is 28. The range of f (x)  is, where
1) R 2) z 3) R – Z 4) Q x4  1
[.] is greatest integer function
16. Domain of x  1 is 1) R 2) [-1,1] 3) {0,1} 4) {0}
1) [1,  ) 2) R 3)[0,  ) 4) Z 29. The range of f(x) = x  2  x  12 is
17. The domain of f(x) =  x is 2
1) [ 2,  ) 2) (12,  ) 3) 10,   4) 14,  
1) 0,   2) (,0) 3) 0 4) 1,   30. The range of f(x) = 3x2+7x + 10 is
1  70   71   70 
18. The domain of f(x) = x  x is 1)  3 ,   2) 12 ,   3) 0,   4)   , 
     3
31. The range of the function
1)  ,0 2) 0,   3)  ,1 4) (-2,-1)
2 x
f (x)  , x  2 is [AIE-2002]
19. The domain of f(x) = 1  x is 2x
1) [-1,1] 2) (-1,1) 3) (0,1) 4) R 1) R 2) R  {1} 3) R  {1} 4) R  {2}
20. The domain of f(x) = log ( x  3)(6  x) is 32. The range of f(x) = x-[x] is
1) 3,   2) 3,6  3) 0,   4)  ,   1) x = {1,2,3...} 2) x  0
3) x < 1 4) 0  x  1
x
21. The domain of f(x) = cot is 33. Range of 9  x 2 is
3
1)  ,   2) R  n : n  Z 1) [0, 3] 2) [–3, 3] 3) [–3, 0] 4) R
x
3) R  3n : n  Z 4) (0, ) 34. Range of f  x   e is
1) (0, ) 2) [0,  ) 3) ( , ) 4) [e,  )
43
 FUNCTIONS JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-I

TYPES OF FUNCTIONS 46. The number of one-one functions that can be

35. If f : R  S, defined by defined from A = 1,2,3 to B = a, e,i,o,u is
1) 35 2) 53 3) 5p3 4) 5!
f (x)  sin x  3 cos x  1, is onto, then the 47. The number of possible many to one functions
interval of ‘S’ is [AIE- 2004] from A = {6, 36} to
1) [0,3] 2) [-1,3] 3) [0,1] 4) [-1,1] B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} is
36. If f : 1,    B defined by f(x) = x2 - 2x + 6 is 1) 32 2) 25 3) 5 4) 20
48. If n (A) = 4 and n(B) = 6, then the number of
a surjection then B =
surjections from A to B is
1) 1,   2) 5,   3) 6,   4) 2,   1) 46 2) 64 3) 0 4) 24
37. f : ( , )  (, ) is defined by 49. The number of bijections from the set A to
itself when A contains 106 elements is
f  x  ax  b, a, b  R  a  0  then f is 1) 106 2) 1062 3) 106! 4) 2106
1) injective but not surjective 50. The number of non-surjective mappings that
2) surjective but not injective 3) bijective can be defined from A = 1,4,9,16 to
4) neither injective nor surjective B = 2,8,16,32,64 is
2
38. f : Z  Z and f ( x)  x then f is (EAM-95) 1) 1024 2) 20 3) 505 4) 625
1) bijection 2) injection COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
3) surijection 4) not bijection 51. If f(x) = 2x + 1 and g (x) = x2 + 1 then
39. The function f : R  R defined by f(x)=sinx go(fof)(2) =
is [AIE-2002] 1) 112 2) 122 3) 12 4) 124
1) Neither one one nor onto 2) onto 52. If f  x    x  , g  x   x   x  then which of
3) one-one 4) many one the following functions is a zero function
40. f : Z  Z defined as f(x) =[x] then f is
1) not a function 2) many-to-one function 1)  f  g  x  2)  fg  x 
3) into function 4) identity function 3)  f  g  x  4)  fog  x 
41. f : Q  Q is defined by f(x) = 15x + 7 is Kx
1) injective only 2) surjective only 53. Let f  x    x  1 then the value of
x 1
3) bijective 4) neither injective nor surjective
K for which  fof  x   x is
42. f : (0,  )  [0,  ) defined by f  x   x 2 is
1) one-one but not onto 2) onto but not one-one 1) 1 2) 1 3) 2 4) 2
3) bijective 4) neither one-one nor onto x x
43. Let f :[0, )  [0, 2] be defined by 54. If f  x   2
, g  x  then  fog  x  
1 x 1  x2
2x x
f  x  then f is 1) x 2) 3) 1  x 2 4) 2x
1 x 1  x2
1) one-one but not onto 2) onto but not one-one
55. If f :  6, 6  R is defined by
3) both one-one and onto
4) neither one-one nor onto f  x   x 2  3 for x  R then (EAM-08)
Number of functions:
44. The total number of functions from A to itself  fofof  1   fofof  0    fofof 1 
is 256, then n(A) =
1) 2 2) 3 3) 4 4) 5
  
1) f 4 2 2) f 3 2 3) f 2 2 4) f     2
1/2
45. If B = 1,2,3 and A = 4,5,6,7,8 then the 56. If f  x 1x and g(x) = ln(x) then the
number of surjections from A to B is domain of (gof) (x) is
1) 81 2) 64 3) 48 4) 150 1) (,2) 2) (-1,1) 3)  ,1 4) (,1)

44
 JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-I FUNCTIONS
INVERSE OF A FUNCTION 9. Concept
10. f ( x)   f ( x )
57. If f : R   R such that f  x   log 5 x
11. A funciton whose graph is symmbrical about the
1
then f  x  (EAM-97) y-axis must be even since sinx and
1) log x 10 2) 5x 3) 3 x 4) 31/ x  
log x  x 2  1 are odd function.
58. f : R  R is a function defined by
f  x   10 x  7. If g  f 1 then g  x    2
Therefore sin log x  x  1  must be odd
1 1 x7 x7 sec 4  cos ec4 x
1) 2) 3) 4) Also, is an odd function
10 x  7 10 x  7 10 10 x 3  x 4 cot x
59. f :[0, )  [4, ) is defined by Now, let f  x   y  f  x   f  y  x, y  R
f(x) = x2 + 4 then f - 1(13) =
 f  0  0   f  0   f  0  f  0   0
1) 3 2) 2 3) 1 4) 4
60. If the function f : R  R be such that f  x  x   f  x   f   x  or 0  f  x   f  1
f  x   x   x  , where  x  denotes the i.e., f   x   f  x   f  x  is odd.
greatest integer less than or equal to x then 12.  x  0 if x z,  x  0 if x z
f 1  x  is
13. no value of T exist such that f  x  T   f  x 
1 14. denominator not equal to zero
1) x   x  2)  x   x 15. [x], x is defined for all values
16. draw graph.
3) not defined 4) x   x 
17. f  x  defined f  x   0 .
LEVEL-I(H.W.)-KEY
01) 4 02) 2 03) 2 04) 2 05) 4 06) 3 18. x x 0
07) 2 08) 4 09) 3 10) 4 11) 4 12) 3
19. 1 x  0
13) 4 14) 1 15) 1 16) 2 17) 3 18) 2
19) 1 20) 2 21) 3 22) 1 23) 2 24) 2 20. (x – 3)(6 – x) > 0
25) 2 26) 3 27) 2 28) 4 29) 3 30) 2 21. Domain of cot x = R \ n , n  z
31) 2 32) 4 33) 1 34) 1 35) 2 36) 2
22. 5x  R
37) 3 38) 4 39) 1 40) 4 41) 3 42) 1
43) 1 44) 3 45) 4 46) 3 47) 3 48) 3 23. Domain of cot x  R  n , n  z
49) 3 50) 4 51) 2 52) 4 53) 2 54) 1 24. Denominator not equal to zero
55) 1 56) 4 57) 2 58) 3 59) 1 60) 3 25. Denominator  0
LEVEL-I(H.W.)-HINTS 26. x  4 then f  x   1 ; x  4 then f  x   1
1. f (2) is not defined from the definition.
27. Range of cos x = [–1, 1]
2. Solve the equations
3. Substitute the values 28.  x 2  1  is an integer 
4. Range of f2 – 1 = {32 – 1, 22 – 1, 12 – 1} sin n  0x  R  f (x)  0x  R
5. Constant function
29. If 2  x  12 then range of f = {10}
6.   / 3   1  f  x   sin    x 2  if x  12 then the range of f = 10,  
  3 
2 if x  2 then the range of f = 10,  
 1  1
7. f x  x  2
 x  x  4ac  b 2 
30. Range of ax + bx + c (a > 0) is  4a ,  
2

8. f 2  g 2   a,1  4  ,  b, 4  0  ,  c, 9  1  

45
 FUNCTIONS JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-I

2x 48. If n(A) < n(B) then the no. of surjections from A
31. y 2y  yx  2  x x(y 1)  2y  2 to B = 0
2x 49. n(A)! = 106!
2y  2 2x  2 50. 54 - 0 = 625
x  f 1 (x) 
x 1
1
x 1 51.  
g f  f  2   =g  f  5   = g(11) = 121+1 = 122
 Range f = domain f  R  {1}
 fog  x   f  g  x    f  x   x 
32. x   x    0, 1 52.
 f  x    x  0, sin 0   x  1
33. substitute domain values
34. Use graph 53. fof (x) = x  f (f (x)) = x
x
35. f : R  S is onto  S  Range
g(x) 1 x2  x
f (g(x))  
f  [1  1  3,1  1  3]  [ 1,3] 54. 1  (g(x))2 x2
2 1
36. x 2  2x  1  5   x  1  5  5 1 x2
55. Substitute the values
37. f  x1   f  x 2   x1  x 2  f is one-one 56. x<1
yb 57. let f 1  x   y  x  f  y   log5 y
let f (x)  y  ax  b  y  x  R
a  y  f 1  x   5x
y  R  f is onto
38. f(–1) = f(1) = 1  f is not one-one 58. Let f 1  x   y  x  f  y   10y  7
x2 > 0 x  R  Range of f  codomain x7
 y  f 1  x    g x
39. sin x is a periodic function with period 10
2  sin x is a many one function. 1 1
40. f(x) = [x] = x x  R , f is identity function 59. Let f  x   y  x  f  y   y 
y
41. f(x1) = f(x2)  x1 = x2  f is one-one
 y 2  xy  1  0
y7
Let f(x) = y  15x + 7 = y  x  Q 60. x   x   0 for all integral values of x . Therefore,
15
the function is many one-and, therefore, not
y  Q  f is onto defined.
42. f  x1   f  x 2   x12  x 22  x1  x 2  f is
LEVEL - II (C.W)
one-one
Range of f   0,   not equal to codomain REAL VALUED FUNCTIONS
1 2x 2 2x 1. Let g  x  be a function defined on  1,1 . If
43. f  x1   f  x2  ; 1  x  1  x  x1  x2 the area of the equilateral triangle with two
1 2

 f is one-one, Range  Co-Domain of its vertices at  0, 0  and  x, g  x   is

 f is not onto 3 / 4 , then the function g  x  is
44. No. of function from A to A = n(A)n(A)= 256
45. The number of surjections from A to B is 1) g  x    1  x 2 2) g  x   1  x 2
nr  n C1 ( n  1) r  n C2 ( n  2) r  n C3 ( n  3) r  3) g  x    1  x 2 4) g  x   1  x 2
....+(-1)n1.n Cn 1 where n( A)  r & n( B )  n 1
2. If f : R  R is defined by f  x   x   x  
2
46. No. of one-one functions from A to B = n (B) Pn (A)
for x  R , where  x  is the greatest integer
 n  B  n  A   1
47. No. of many-one functions from A to B not exceeding x , then x  R : f  x   
 2
n (B)
= n(B)n(A) – Pn (A) 1) Z 2) N 3)  4) R
46
 JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-I FUNCTIONS

3. Suppose f :  2, 2  R is defined by x
9. Let f  x   nx  n   nx  n  tan , where
2
 1 for  2  x  0
f x    x is the greatest integer  x and n  N . It is
x 1 for 0  x  2
1) a periodic function of period 1
then the {x   2, 2  : x  0 and f  x   x}  2) a periodic function of period 4
3) not periodic
1) 1 2) 0 3) 1/ 2 4)  4) a periodic function of period 2
4. If sin x  cos x  sin x  cos x , then x lies in 10. Let f  x   x  2  x  , 0  x  2 . If the
1) 1st quadrant only 2) 1st and 3rd quadrant only definition of f is extended over the set
3) 2nd and 4th quadrant only R   0, 2 by f  x  2   f  x  then f is a
4) 3rd and 4th quadrant only
1) periodic function of period 1
EVEN AND ODD FUNCTIONS 2) non periodic function
 4 x  1 3) periodic function of period 2
5. Let f  x    4) periodic function of period 1/2
 4 x 1  x  0
11. If f is periodic, g is polynomial function and
If f  x  is an even function on R then the definition
f  g  x   is periodic and g  2   3, g  4   7
of f  x  on  0,   is
then g  6  is
4x 0  x 1 4x 0  x  1 1) 13 2) 15 3) 11 4) 21
1) f  x   4 2) f  x  
DOMAIN OF THE FUNCTION
 x 1 4 x  1
12. The domain of the function
4 0  x 1 4 x 1
3) f  x  4x x 1 4) f  x  4x 1 x  0 sin 1 (x  3)
  f (x)  is [AIE-2004]
9  x2
 2 x 1) [2,3] 2) [1,2) 3) [1,2] 4) [2,3)
 x sin x 1
6. If f  x    2 then f  x  is    x 2 
x x 13. The domain of f ( x)  Sin1 log3   is
 x 1   3 
1) an even funciton 2) an odd function 1) (, 3] 2) [3,  )
3) a periodic function 4) neither odd nor even 3) [-3, -1]  [1, 3] 4) (-9, -1)  (1, 9)
14. The domain of f(x) = logx (9-x2) is
cos x
7. f  x  1) (-3,3) 2) 0,  
 2 x  1 , where x is not an
    2 3) 0,1  1,   4) 0,1  1,3
3
integral multiple of  and   denotes the 15. The domain of f (x)  2
 log10 (x 3  x)
4x
greatest integer function is is [AIE-2003]
1) an odd function 2) even function
1) (1, 2) 2) ( 1, 0)  (1, 2)
3) neither odd nor even 4) both even and odd
PERIODIC FUNCTIONS 3) (1, 2)  (2,  ) 4) ( 1, 0)  (1, 2)  (2,  )
8. Which of the following function is not
periodic 16. The domain of f  x   1  1  1  x 2 is

2x 1)  0,1 2)  1,1 3)  ,   4)  1,1

1)  x 2) sin 1  x
2 17. The domain of f(x) = cos (log x) is
3) sin
1
 cos x  
4) sin cos  x 
1 2
 1)  ,   2) (-1,1) 3) 0,   4) 1,  

47
 FUNCTIONS JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-I

 2  1  1 2
18. The domain of f(x)=cos-1  2  sin x  contained
  25. The range of f  x   Sin   x  is 
2 
in  0, 2  is denotes greatest integer function)

            
1) 0,  2)  ,   3) 0,  4)  ,  1)  , 0,  2) 0,  3)   4) 0, 
 2 2   2 2  2 2  2 2
26. If f : R  R and g : R  R defined by
19. x  R :  x  x   5   (EAM-05) f  x   x and g  x    x  3 for
1) R is the set of real numbers
x  R . is denotes greatest integer function
2)  , the null set
 8 8
3) {x  R : x  0} 4)  x  R : x  0 then  g  f  x   : x  (EAM-08)
 5 5
20. The domain of the function defined by 1) {0,1} 2) {1,2} 3) {-3,-2} 4) {2,3}
f(x) = (7 x )
P( x3) is 27. The range of x2  4 y 2  9 z 2  6 yz  3xz  2xy is
1) {3,7} 2) {3,4,5,6,7} 3) {3,4,5} 4) {1,2,3,4} 1)  2) R 3) [0,  ) 4) (-  ,0)
21. f : N  N is defined as 28. The maximum possible domain and the
x
corresponding range of f  x    1 are
2, n  3k , k Z

f (n)  10  n, n  3k  1, k  Z 1) D f  R, R f   1,1 2) D f  Z , R f  1, 1
 0, n  3k  2, kZ 3) D f  Z , R f   1,1 4) D f  R, R f  1,1

29. The range of
then n  N : f ( n )  2  (EAM-04)
f  x   sin 1 x  cos1 x  tan 1 x is
1) 3, 6, 4 2) 1, 4, 7 3) 4, 7 4) {7}
  3       3 
1)  0,   2)  ,  3)  ,  4)  0, 
22. The domain of the function 4 4   4 4  4 
TYPES OF FUNCTIONS
1 30. Let A = [-1,1]= B then which of the following
f  x 
sin x  sin   x  where  function from A to B is bijective function
x
denotes the fractional part, is 1) f ( x)  2) g ( x)  x
2
 x
1. 0,   2.  2n  1 ,nZ 3) h ( x)  x 2 4) k ( x)  sin
2 2
31. If f : R  C is defined by
 n 
3.  0,   4. R   , n  Z  f  x   e 2ix for x  R then, f is (Where C
2 
RANGE OF THE FUNCTION denotes the set of all Complex numbers)
1) One-one 2) Onto
 tan 2  3) One-one and Onto
23. If   (0, ), then x2  x  4) neither one-one nor Onto
2 x2  x
32. A function f : N  Z defined by
is always greater than or equal to ( x  0, 1 )
 n 1
1) 2 2) 1 3) 2 tan  4) 2Sec 2  , when 'n ' is odd
24. The range of f(x) = sin x + cos4 x is
2 f (n)   2
 n , when ' n 'is even , is
1  3   1  2
1)  ,1 2)  ,1 3) 0,1 4) 0,  1) one-one but not onto 2) onto but not one-one
2  4   4
3) one-one onto 4) neither one-one nor onto

48
 JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-I FUNCTIONS
33. M is the set of all 2  2 real matrices. 40. Let g : R  R be given by g  x   3  4 x . If
f : M  R is defined by f(A)=det A for all A in
M then f is g n  x   gogo....og  x  , and g n  x   A  Bx
1) one-one but not onto 2) onto but not one-one then A and B are
3) neither one-one nor onto 4) bijective 1) 2n 1  1, 2 n 1 2) 4n  1, 4n
34. Let f : R  n  R be a function defined 3) 3n ,3n  1 4) 5n  1,5n
xm INVERTIBILITY & INVERSE OF
by f  x   such that m  n then A FUNCTION
xn
41. Let ‘f’ be an injective function with domain
1) f is one one into function {x, y, z} and range {1,2,3} such that exactly
2) f is one one onto function one of the follwowing statements is correct
3) f is many one into funciton and the remaining are false f (x)  1,
4) f is many one onto funcion f (y)  1, f (z)  2 the value of f 1 (1) is
1) x 2) y 3) z 4) x or z
 0, if x is rational
35. f  x   42. If the function f : 1,    1,   is defined
 x, if x is irrational
by f  x   2 x x 1 then f 1  x  is
0, if x is irrational
g  x   Then f  g is 1
x  x1
1
 x, if x is rational 1)  
2

2) 1  1  4 log 2 x
2

1) one-one and into 2) neither one-one nor onto
3) many one and onto 4) one-one and onto 1 1
COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
  
3) 1  1  4 log 2 x 4) 1  1  4 log 2 x
2 2

FUNCTIONAL TRANSFORMATIONS
36. If f  x  and . g  x  are two functions with
43. If f  x  is a polynomial in x   0 
1 1 satisfying the equation
g  x  x  and fog  x   x 3  3 , then f  x  =
x x f  x   f 1/ x   f  x  . f 1/ x  and
1 1 3
2
1) x 3  3 x 2) x  2 3) 1  2 4) 3x  4
2
f  2  7 , then f  3  
x x x 1)  26 2)  27 3)  28 4)  29
37. Let f  x   ax  b and 44. A function f : R  R satisy the equation
g  x   cx  d , a  0, c  0. Assume f (x )f ( y)  f (xy)  x  y for all x, y  R
and f(y)>0, then
a  1, b  2. If  fog  x    gof  x  for all x, 1 x
1) f (x)  x  2) f (x)  1
what can you say about c and d 2 2
1) c and d both arbitrary 2) c  1, d arbitrary x
3) f (x)   1 4) f  x   x  1
3) c arbitrary, d  1 4) c  1, d  1 2
45. f is a function defined as
38. If f  x   sin 2 x and the composite functions n

g  f  x   sin x , then the function g x 

 f  a  k   16 2n 1 and f  x  y   f  x . f  y 
k 1
and f(1) = 2 then integral value of a
1) x 1 2) x 3) x  1 4)  x 1) 3 2) 0 3) 2 4) 1
39. If f : R  R and g : R  R are given by 46. A real valued function f(x) satisfies the
functional equation
f  x   x and g  x    x  for each x  R, f ( x  y )  f ( x) f ( y )  f ( a  x ) f ( a  y )
then  x  R : g  f  x    f  g  x    where a is a given constant and f (0)  1 ,
f (2a  x ) is equal to [AIE-2004]
1) Z   , 0  2)  , 0  3) Z 4) R 1) f ( x) 2) f (a )  f ( a  x )
3) f ( x) 4)  f ( x)
49
 FUNCTIONS JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-I
LEVEL-II(C.W)-KEY x
01) 2 02) 3 03) 3 04) 2 05) 1 06) 2 x 2 sin   , 1  x  1 , x x , x  1 .
07) 1 08) 4 09) 4 10) 3 11) 3 12) 4  2 
13) 3 14) 4 15) 4 16) 2 17) 3 18) 3 Let k  0 . Then
19) 2 20) 3 21) 2 22) 4 23) 3 24) 2 and f 1  k   1  k  1  k  1  k  .
2

25) 2 26) 3 27) 3 28) 2 29) 2 30) 4

31) 4 32) 3 33) 2 34) 1 35) 4 36) 1 Therefore, f 1  k    f  1  k 
37) 2 38) 2 39) 4 40) 2 41) 2 42) 2
43) 1 44) 4 45) 1 46) 4 2 
f  1  k    1  k  sin  1  k  
2
LEVEL-II(C.W)-HINTS
2 
1. Side of the triangle with vertices  0, 0  and  1  k  sin 1  k    f 1  k   f   1 k 
2
2
 x, g  x   is a x2   g  x   . Area of  f  x    f   x  for all x . Also, none of the
pieces of definition are periodic.
3 2
equilateral triangle, whose side a is a . cos   x  cos x
4 f x  
7.  2x  1  2x  1
3 2 2 3 2

   2  1      2
 x  g  x    x2  g  x   1
4   4
(as x is not an integral multiple of  )
 g  x    1  x 2 . Thus g  x   1  x 2 cos x
 f x     f  x
1 1 1  2x  1
2. 0  x   x   1    x   x        2
2 2 2


1 1 1
 f  x    f  x   x
 f  x  is an odd function
2 2 2
2x 1
 1 8. Period of  x is 1. period of sin  x is 1. period
 x  R : f  x     2
 2
 1  1 1 1
of sin 1  
cosx is 2 where as sin 1  cos x 2 
3. By verification , f     f  2   2 1   2 is non -periodic.
 2   
x
hence f  x   x. 9. nx  n   nx  n  has the period 1/n and tan
2
4. The given relation holds only when sin x and cos x 
have same sign or atleast one of them is zero. has the period i.e, LCM of 1/n, 2 is 2.
 /2
hence x   0,  / 2   , 3 / 2 10. Conceptual

 4, x  1 11. From the given data g  x  must be linear

5. If f  x    is even ,
 4 x 1  x  0 function. Hence, g  x   ax  b
f  x  f  x Also g  2   2a  b  3 and g  4   4a  b  7
 4,  x  1 4 x, 0  x  1 solving, a  2 and b  1
f  x   
4 x 1   x  0  4, x 1 Hence, g  x   2 x  1 Then, g  6   11
12. f (x) is defined  1  x  3  1 and
6. Here, f  x   x x , x  1
9  x 2  0  2  x  4 and 3  x  3.
 domain = [2,3)
50
 JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-I FUNCTIONS

 x2  29. Domain  1,1

13. 1  log 3    1  1  x 2  9
 3   
1  x  1   tan 1 x 
14. 9 – x2 > 0, x > 0 and x  1 4 4
3      3
15. 2
 log10 (x 3  x) is defined   f  x     f  x 
4x 2 4 2 4 4 4
 4  x 2  0, x 3  x  0  x  2, x x
30. sin 1  sin 2  x1  x 2  f is one-one
(x  1)x(x  1)  0 2 2
 domain = ( 1, 0)  (1, 2)  (2, ) 31. f  2  x   f  x   f is not one - one
16. 1 x2  0 Range of f  C  f is not onto
17. x>0 32. f (1)  0, f (2)   1, f (3)  1, f (4)   2, .....
2  f : N  Z is one-one , onto
18. 1  1
2  sin x 1 0   1 0
33. f    f    1
19.  x   x   5 x  R 0 1  0 1
20. x  Z, 7  x  x  3, 7  x  0, x  3  0  f is not one-one
21. Verification
1 0
f x 
1 K  R, there exist a matrix A   
22. sin x  sin   x 
0 k 
such that f(1) = k  f is onto
1 xm

sin x    sin x  34. Given f  x  
xn
 0 sin x is an integer where m  n, x  R  n , Let x1 , x2  R
Now sin x   sin x  1 sin x is not an integer
 x1  m x2  m
For f  x  to get defined sin x   sin x  0  f  x1   f  x2   x  n  x  n  x1  x2
1 2

n  f is one-one
 sin x  integer  sin x  1, 0  x  2 , n  I
xm
Let   R such that f  x    ,  
 n  xn
Hence, the domain is R-  / n I
 2  m  n
x
23. A.M .  G.M . 1 

sin 2 x  cos 4 x  sin 2 x  cos 2 x 1  sin 2 x 

x is not defined for   1 , also x is not real.
24.
 f  x  is not onto function.
1
 1  sin 2 2x  3 / 4, 1 If a function is not onto it refered that it is into
4
function. Hence f is one-one into function.
1  1 
25. 0    x 2   1    x 2   0,1 35. f  g  x   f  x   g  x 
 2   2 
8 8 8 8 0  x   x, if x is rational
26.   x   0  x   0  f x   
5 5 5 5  x  0  x if x is irrational
27. x2  (2 y)2  (3z)2  (2 y)(3z)  ( x)(3z)  x(2 y)  0 Clearly  f  g  x  is one-one and onto.36.
x
28. f  x    1 is defined when x is an integer 1
fog  x   x 3  ,
 Domain = Z, range = 1,1 x3
51
 FUNCTIONS JEE-MAIN-JR-MATHS VOL-I

1  1 1
3 x  0, y  0  f (00)  f (0) f (0)  f (a 0) f (a  0)
 
f  x     x    3 x  
 x  x  x  f (0)  ( f (0))2  ( f (a))2
1 1 (1)2 ( f (a))2 ( f (a))2  0  f (a)  0
let x   t , f  t   t 3  3t
x Now f (2a  x)  f (a  ( x  a))
3 ' 2
Thus f  x   x  3 x, f  x   3x  3.  f ( a) f ( x  a)  f ( a  a ) f ( a  x  a )
37.  fog  x   f  g  x    a  cx  d   b
LEVEL - II (H.W)
and  gof  x   g  f  x    c  ax  b   d
 fog  x    gof  x  and at a  1, b  2 REAL VALUED FUNCTIONS
 cx  d  2  cx  2c  d  c  1and d is arbitrary 1. If f  x  ay, x  ay   axy, then f  x, y 
38.  gof  x   sin x and f  x   sin 2 x x2  y 2 x2  y 2
1) xy 2) x 2  a 2 y 2 3) 4)
 g  sin 2 x   sin x  g  x   x 4 a2
 y y

39. g  f  x   f  g  x   g  x   f  x 2. If f  2 x  8 , 2 x  8   xy, then
 
 x    x  this is true for x  R.. f  m, n   f  n, m   0
40. Since g  x   3  4 x 1) Only when m = n 2) Only when m  n
3) Only when m = - n 4) For all m and n
 g 2  x    gog  x   g  g  x   g  3  4 x 
EVEN AND ODD FUNCTIONS
 3  4  3  4x   15  4 x   4 1  4 x
2 2 2
3. Let f  x  x  2  x  3  x  4 and
g 3
 x    gogog  x  g  g  x   g 15  4
2 2
x
g  x   f  x  1 . Then g x is
 3  4 15  4 x   63  43 x   4  1  4 x
2 3 3
1) an even function 2) an odd function
3) neither even nor odd 4) periodic
similarly , we get g n  x    4n  1  4n x
4. If f  x   sgn  x (where 
. denotes the
41. Suppose f(x)=1, then f(y)=1, f(z)=2  f is not
an injection. fractional part of x), is
Suppose f (y)  1, then 1) even function 2) odd function
3) neither even nor odd 4) constant function
f (z)  2, f (y)  3, f (x)  1 A contradiction
PERIODIC FUNCTIONS
Suppose f (z)  2, then
5. period of
f (y)=1, f (z)=3, f (x)=2 this is true  f 1 (1)  y
n  n  1
42. y2
x  y 1
 x  x  1  log 2 y f  x    x    2 x    3 x   ...   nx   x,
2
1  1  4 log 2 y where n  N is
2
 x  x  log 2 y  0  x 
2 1
1) n 2) 1 3) 4) 2
1 n
 f x  1

2
1  1  4 log 2 y    x  1
6. Let f  x   cos 3 x  sin 3 x . Then f  x  is
43. Take f(x) = 1 – xn
1) a periodic function of period 2
44. Take f  x   x  1 and verify
2) a periodic function of period 3
45. f(x) = 2x
3) not a periodic function
46. f ( x  y)  f ( x) f ( y)  f (a  x) f (a  y)
4) a periodic function of period 
52