Republic of the Philippines Sl ey Mountain Beow & 5 Bontoc, Mount: nt Province ptechine PROJECT DEVELOPMENT Module 3 of 7 Engineering Management Course Facilitator Contact Numbers: 09661734360/09466237491 pager Jaccy B. Luzada Engineering Department First Semester, 8. Y. 2020-2021INTRODUCTION Welcome to module 3 of the course Engineering Management. ‘This particular module covers the topic about project development. It specifically talks about the phases of project development, and the project development cycle. Since you are already 2! year students, | expect that you already have backgrounds about the field of engineering. Also, ftom the previous discussions, you have learned about the managerial roles of an engineer manager and the different functions of management. ‘Ag you journey through the module, you will realize that projects are not simple. It undergoes certain processes to be developed. As engineering students or soon to be engineers, you will soon realize that projects are part of living an engineering life may it be simple, or a complex one, still undergo through the process. Again, I encourage you to answer the pretest part before you proceed to the lesson, ‘This module is intended for two (2) weeks of the course, It is therefore undersiood that all activities indicated herein should be finished within that span of time, You may submit your output through the email address [email protected] or via messenger, «! ‘Suggested readings will he uploaded in the Facebook group for your enhancement readings. LEARNING OUTCOMES: At the end of the module, you should be able to: 1. discuss the stages of project management; and 2, identify and discuss the project constraints. PRE-TEST Arrange the following phases of project development to illustrate a project development cycle, ¢ Project initiation * Project planning e Project closing e Project monitoring and controlling e Project Execution | | | | |LESSON: Project Development LET’S ENGAGE . Let us start our lesson by defining the term “project” for you to distinguish projects from the others. As a student, you frequently encounter the word “project” as it is one of the requirements in many courses. From your own point of view, what is a project? What makes a certain task to be considered a project LET'S TALK ABOUT IT Project Project can be defined in many ways. According to ontine dictionary, project is an individual or collaborative enterprise that is carefully planned and designed to achieve particular plan. ‘To simply put it according to the project management guide of wrike.com, project is a series of tasks that need to be completed to reach a specific outcome. A project can also be defined as a set of inputs and outputs required to achieve a particular goal. Projects can range from simple to complex and can be manazed by one person or more. Projects are often described and delegated by a manager or executive. They go over their expectations and goals and its up to the tear to manage logistics and execute the project in a timely manner. Sometimes deadlines can be given or a time limitation. For good project productivity, some teams break the project up into individual tasks 80. they can manage accountability and utilize team strengths, We often hear the word program, and activity to be associated with project. Is project the same as program? How is it related to activities? Consider the Build, Build, Build Program of the Government, this consists a lot of programs and projects which are assigned to respective agencies for development and implementation. Program is broader in sense compared to a project. Lots of projects are needed to be accomplished to attain a certain program. Examples of projects are developing a new product, conducting trainings, construction, renovation, research, and others. Since a project consists of a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service or results, and sometimes to improve an existing project, there are also necessary activities that must be accomplished to complete the project, ‘Thus, program: project-activity relationship can be illustrated as the chart below:|As engineering students, you are expected to encounter more projects in the future. If you become a member of any organization, you are expected 5 Basic Phases of Project Management to manage projects. This lesson will ‘help you start learning the basics of project development. _ lifecycle phases. PHASES OF — PROJECT DEVELOPMENT What is project development? When we say development, this refers to stages to go through. ‘Thus, project development simply refers to the stages that a project goes through. ‘There are five phas of project development (some books refer to this as project management phases} which includes the following: pale 1. project initiation; ae 2. project planning; pe 3. project execution; session 4. project monitoring and controlling; and 5. project closing. Project Initiation g ‘The project initiation phase is the first stage of turning an abstract idea into a meaningful goal. In this stage, you need to develop a business case and define the wae D man project on a broad level. In order to do that, you bave to determine the need for the project and create a project charter ope are mye ‘The project charter is an important document consisting of details like the project constraints (see figure on the right), goals, appointment of the project manager, budget, expec Ss timeline, ete. Once you have the project goals and project scope, identify key project stakeholders-the people who are to be involved in the project. Create a stakeholder register with the roles, designation, communication requirements, and influence. While a clear goal of the project is established in this phase, a project charter does not contain any technical details that happen in the planning stage. Consider the example of an automobile manufacturer assigned to develop an electric vehicle. The sclection of the desiga, capacity, and battery power of the vebicle will not be a part of the initiation phase. The only certainty would be that an electric vehicle will be developed within the given timeframe and budget. a, —Project Planning . ‘The project planning stage requires complete diligence as it lays out the project's roadmap. Unless you are using a modern project management methodology like agile project management, the second phase of project management is expected to take almost half of the entire project’s timespan. In this phase, the primary tasks are identifying technical requirements, developing a detailed project schedule, creating a communication plan, and setting up goals/deliverables. In many ways, Project Planning may be the most crucia} phase of a project. This phase focuses on defining the problem as a means to identify # range of potential transportation solutions. This stage of the study process offers the greatest potential for avoiding environmental impacts and for controlling project construction costs. ‘The project planning process considers a broad range of alternatives ancl allows a serious examination of the means to address a transportation problem. The focus of a planning study is determining the best solution to a problem, whereas the focus of a design study involves determining the best way to implement that solution. Because cach project will have its own set of goals that it mast accomplish to result in suecessfull completion, so must the planning process have its sect of goals for the study to be successful and ready for design development, ‘There are several methods of setting up the project’s goals but SM.A.RT. and C.L.E.A.R. are the most popular. S.M.A.R-T Goals: ‘The ‘SMART’ criteria ensure that the goals you set for your project are critically analyzed. it is an established method that reduces risk and allows managers to make clearly defined and achievable goals. ‘ ‘The acronyra SMART stands for Attainable Realistic Specific Timely CLEAR, Goals: ‘The ‘CLEAR’ method of setting up goals is designed to cater to the dynarsic nature of a modern workplace. Today's fast-paced businesses require flexibility and immediate results and CLEAR can help you with that.‘The acronym CLEAR stands for Cottaborative Limited yo Emotional / ~~ Appreaciable Refinable During the planning stage, the scope of the project is defined. There is a possibility of changing the scope of the project demands it but the project manager must approve the change. Project managers also develop a work breakdown structure (WBS), which clearly visualizes the entire project in different sections for the tears A. detailed project timeline with each deliverabie is another important. element. of the planning stage. Using that timeline, project managers can develop a communication plan and a schedule of communication with the relevant stakeholders. Risk mitigation is another important aspect of project management that is a part of the planning stage. The project manager is responsible for extrapolating past data to identify potential risks and develop a strategy to minimize them. An important element that professionals often overlook is an effective change management plan. As a project manager, you must be ready to incorporate a few changes in the project to avoid bottlenecks and project delays In the absence of a working change management plan, scope creep happens and causes huge problems for the project team in the later stages of the project. So, it’s best to reduce the possibility of unforeseen changes as much as possible, -.'Project Execution : ‘the project execution stage is where your team does the actual work. As a project manager, your job is to establish efficient workflows and to carefully monitor the progress of your team. Another responsibility of the project manager during this phase is to consistently maintain effective collaboration: between project stakeholders, This ensures that everyone stays on the same page and Saee. the project runs smoothly without any ae issues. : You can take help from collaboration software available in the market. They'll not only make your life easier but also improves efficiency and increase the productivity of your team. Project Monitoring and Controlling In the project management process, the third and fourth phases are not sequential in nature. This phase runs simultancously with project execution, thereby ensuring that objectives and project += rj Deion + Deed Pane deliverables are met. a oi As @ project manager, you must make sure that no one deviates from the original. plan by establishing Critical Success Factors (CS, formance Indicators (KPI). During the monitoring phase of os . project management, the manager is ce also responsible for quantitatively ie tracking the effort and cost during the process. This tracking not only ensures that the project remains within the budget but also is important for future projects. Project Closing This is the final phase of the project management process. The project closure stage indicates the end of the projes after the final delivery. There are times when an external talent is hired specifically for the project on contract. Terminating these-contracts and completing the necessary paperwork is also the responsibility of the project manager. Most teams hold a reflection meeting after the completion of the project in order to contemplate on their successes and failures dufing the project. This is an effective cnmethod to ensure continuous improvement within the company to enhance the overall productivity of the team in the future. ‘The final task of this phase is to review the entire project complete a detailed report that covers every aspect. All of the necessary data is stored in a secure place that can be accessed by project managers of that organization. ‘The chart below summarizes the things to do for each development phase. Track, review, and regulate the proptess and performance of the project. Identify corrective actions if required Fomatice a ces 0103) all Process Groups 10 formally close the proj rthe phase Processes performed to define a new project or a phase amplete the work 32) defined in the project| pia Establish the scope of the project, and define the course ‘of action required to meet the objectives of the project or the phase PROJECT DEVELOPMENT CYCLE Project development cycle is taking each phase of project development into their proper places arranging them in a cycle as. shown in the chart below. Cycle means it is @ continuous process. If a new ~The life eyceis the only thing that uniquoly distinguishes projects from non projects.” Lcdeheeld was Fpatel & Mores {he Role ofthe PiajecL ile Scie file Spann Pract Managers A completed, it Scots wear We 309 Sede doesn't mean that its development stops. Duri monitoring and evaluation, there may be some improvement needed for the project to address a present situation. ‘With that, it must pass through the phases again and the eycle continues. Project Project Review Belinition Monitoring Osteiled LB Contra! Planning bea evi ecot ay a (cy fone