Gluteal Muscles

Muscle Action(s) Origin Insertion Innervation Lateral rotators of the hip

Extends, Iliotibial tract (to
Iliac Gerdy’s
Inferior Muscle Action(s)
laterally
Gluteus rotates, crest, tubercle) gluteal Piriformis
Maximus and Gluteal
sacrum, nerve Quadratus Femoris
abducts tuberosity of
the hip
coccyx femur Superior Gemellus Laterally
Gluteus Abducts Posterior Superior Inferior Gemellus rotate the hip
Medius and iliac crest Greater
medially trochanter of gluteal Obturator Internus
Gluteus Lateral nerve
rotates femur Obturator Externus
Minimus ilium
hip

Posterior Thigh Muscles

Muscle Action(s) Origin Insertion Innervation
Long Head: extends hip Long head: Tibial division of sciatic nerve
Long head: Ischial tuberosity
Biceps Femoris Long & Short Head: flexes and Head of fibula Short head: Common fibular (peroneal)
Short head: Linea aspera
laterally rotates knee division of sciatic nerve
Medial condyle
Semimembranosus of tibia
Extends hip and flexes knee;
Ischial tuberosity Tibial division of sciatic nerve
medially rotates knee Pes anserine
Semitendinosus insertion

Lateral Thigh Muscle

Muscle Action(s) Origin Insertion Innervation

Tensor Fasciae Flexes, abducts and Iliac crest posterior to Iliotibial tract (IT band, to
Superior gluteal
Latae medially rotates hip anterior superior iliac spine Gerdy’s tubercle)
nerve
(ASIS)
 Anterior Thigh Muscles
Muscle Action(s) Origin Insertion Innervation
Transverse processes of
Psoas Major Lesser trochanter,
Flex the hip lumbar vertebrae merge to form the
Iliacus Iliac fossa Iliopsoas

Hip: flexion, abduction & lateral rotation Anterior superior iliac spine
Sartorius Knee: flexion & medial rotation (ASIS) Pes anserine insertion

Anterior inferior iliac spine

Rectus Femoris Hip: flexion Knee: extension (AIIS) Femoral
Quadriceps Vastus Quadriceps tendon nerve
Anterolateral femur
Intermedius to patella and then
Muscle Greater trochanter, gluteal patellar ligament to
Vastus Lateralis Extends knee
Group tuberosity, linea aspera tibial tuberosity
Vastus Medialis Linea aspera

Medial Thigh Muscles

Muscle Action(s) Origin Insertion Innervation
Hip: Adduction, medial rotation
Gracilis
Knee: Flexion, medial rotation Inferior ramus of Pes anserine insertion
Adductor Brevis pubis Obturator nerve
Linea aspera of femur
Adductor Longus Adducts, medially rotates, Pubic tubercle
and flexes hip
Pectineal line of Femoral nerve &
Pectineus Pectineal line of femur
pubis obturator nerve
Adductor part: Adducts, medially Linea aspera Adductor part: Obturator
Inferior ramus of
rotates, and flexes hip nerve
Adductor Magnus Hamstring part: extends and pubis Adductor Hamstring part: Tibial
laterally rotates hip Ischial tuberosity tubercle division of sciatic nerve
 Leg: Anterior Compartment Muscles
Muscle Action(s) Origin Insertion Innervation
Extensor Digitorum Extends MTP, PIP, & DIP Lateral condyle of tibia; anterior
of toes 2–5, dorsiflexes & Distal phalanges of toes 2–5
Longus everts ankle fibula; interosseous membrane
Extends MTP & IP of great Deep
Extensor Hallucis Distal phalanx of great (1st)
(1st) toe, dorsiflexes & Anterior fibula
Longus toe fibular
inverts ankle
(peroneal)
Fibularis (Peroneus) Dorsiflexes and weakly
everts ankle Anterior distal fibula Base of 5th metatarsal nerve
Tertius
Dorsiflexes & inverts 1st Metatarsal & first (medial)
Tibialis Anterior ankle Lateral condyle and proximal tibia cuneiform

Leg: Superficial Posterior Compartment Muscles

Muscle Action(s) Origin/Insertion Innervation
Flexes knee;
Posterior surfaces of femoral
Gastrocnemius plantar flexes
ankle
epicondyles Calcaneus (via calcaneal
Plantar flexes Head and proximal shaft of [Achilles] tendon)
Soleus ankle Tibial nerve
fibula; medial border of tibia
Weak knee flexor
Lateral supracondylar ridge of
Plantaris and weak ankle Posterior calcaneus
plantar flexor
femur
 Leg: Deep Posterior Compartment Muscles
Muscle Action(s) Origin Insertion Innervation
Flexor Digitorum Plantar flexes and weakly inverts
Longus ankle; flexes MTP, PIP. & DIP of toes Posteromedial tibia Distal phalanges of toes 2–5
2–5
Flexor Hallucis Plantar flexes & weakly inverts ankle;
Longus Posterior inferior Tibial
flexes Distal phalanx of great (1st) toe
MTP & IP of great toe
fibula nerve
Tibialis Posterior Plantar flexes & inverts ankle Fibula, tibia 2nd -5th Metatarsals, distal tarsals

Medially rotates tibia to unlock knee; Lateral condyle of

Popliteus Posterior, proximal tibia
flexes knee femur

Leg: Lateral Compartment Muscles

Muscle Action(s) Origin Insertion Innervation
Fibularis Head and superior portion of fibula, Base of 1st metatarsal, medial
(Peroneus) Longus Everts ankle, assist lateral condyle of tibia cuneiform Superficial
plantar flexion of fibular
Fibularis (peroneal) nerve
(Peroneus) Brevis
ankle Mid-lateral fibula Base of 5th metatarsal

Dorsal Surface of Foot

Muscle Action(s) Origin Insertion Innervation
Extensor Hallucis Proximal phalanx of
Extends MTP joint of great toe Deep fibular
Brevis great toe
Calcaneus (peroneal)
Extensor digitorum Extends MTP & both IP joints of toes Middle phalanges of toes nerve
Brevis 2–4 2–4
 Plantar Surface of Foot
Muscle Action(s) Origin Insertion Innervation
Adductor Transverse head: 3rd-5th MP joints Proximal phalanx of
Adducts great toe (MTP) Oblique head: Bases 2nd-4th metatarsals
Hallucis great toe
Flexor Digiti Proximal phalanx of
Flexes MTP joint of toe 5 5th Metatarsal
Minimi Brevis toe 5
Dorsal Proximal phalanges
Abducts toes (MTP)
Interossei toes 2–4 Lateral plantar
Adjacent sides of metatarsals
Plantar Proximal phalanges nerve
Adducts toes (MTP)
Interossei toes 3–5
Abductor Proximal phalanx of
Abducts 5th toe (MTP)
Digiti Minimi 5th toe
Aligns flexor digitorum longus
Quadratus Flexor digitorum
tendons to aid flexion of toes
Plantae 2–5 (all joints)
longus tendons
Flexor Calcaneus
Flexes MTP and PIP joints Middle phalanges of
Digitorum
of toes 2–5 toes 2–5
Brevis
Medial plantar
Abductor Proximal phalanx of
Abducts great toe (MTP) nerve
Hallucis great toe
Flexor Hallucis Flexes MTP joint of great Proximal phalanx of
Cuboid & lateral (3rd) cuneiform
Brevis toe great toe
1st: Medial plantar
Flexes MTP joints & extends Extensor digitorum nerve 2nd -4th::
Lumbricals
PIP & DIP joints of toes 2–5
Flexor digitorum longus tendons
longus tendons lateral plantar
nerve