CLASS IX, SUBJECT: PHYSICS

CHAPTER: GRAVITATION

TOPICS COVERED: Floatation: Thrust and Pressure, Archimedes’ Principle; Buoyancy.

SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1 2 3
1. An object is put one by one in three liquids having different densities. The object floats with 9 , 11, 7
and parts of their volumes outside the liquid surface in liquids of densities d1, d2 and d3 respectively.
Which of the following statement is correct?
(a) d1 > d2 > d3 (b) d1 > d2 < d3 (c) d1 < d2 > d3 (d) d1 < d2 < d3

2. When volumes of two metals are melted together, the specific gravity of alloy is 4. When equal masses
of the same metals are melted together the specific gravity of the alloy is 3. Calculate the specific gravity
of each metal.
(a) 2, 6 (b) 3,5 (c) 4, 2 (d) 3, 4
3. The density of ice is 9.2 x 102 kg / (m3). If a chunk displaces 10 - 2m3 the buoyant force on the ice is
most nearly
(a) 0.1 N (b) 10 N (c) 100 N (d) 1000 N
4. A wooden block is taken to the bottom of a deep, calm lake of water and then released. It rises up with
a
(a) constant acceleration (b) decreasing acceleration
(c) constant velocity (d) decreasing velocity.
5. A glass flask having mass 390 g and an interior volume of 500cm3 floats on water when it is less than
half filled with water. The density of the material of the flask is
(a) 0.8 g/cc (b) 2.8 g/cc (c) 1.8 g/cc (d) 0.38 g/cc
6. A glass of soft drink with some ice-cubes floating in it, is taken in an elevator which is accelerating
down. Then, the portion of ice outside the soft drink
(a) increases (b) decreases
(c) remains same (d) depends on density of soft drink
SECTION B: ASSERTION-REASON TYPE QUESTIONS
For the following questions, two statements are given-one labelled Assertion and the other labelled
Reason. Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false and R is also false.
7. Assertion: When a ship enters from river to sea, ship will rise a little.
Reason: The sea water is denser than river water.
8. Assertion: The buoyant force of water on a submerged wooden cube is greater than on a steel cube of
equal volume.
Reason: The buoyant force on a body is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by the body.

9. Assertion: To float; a body must displace liquid whose weight is equal to the actual weight.
Reason: The body will experience no downward force in that case.

10. Assertion: A piece of ice floats in water, the level of water remains unchanged when the ice melts
completely.
Reason: According to Archimedes principle, the loss in weight of the body in the liquid is equal to the
weight of the liquid displaced by the immersed part of the body.
11. Assertion: A wooden cube when placed in layer of two liquids of different densities, the thickness of
the cube in the liquid are different.
Reason: Volume immersed depends on the density of liquid.

12. Assertion:The pressure at the bottom of two tanks of different area of cross-sections are equal if they
contain same liquid to same height.
Reason: Weight of liquid displaced in this case is equal to the loss of weight.

SECTION C: CASE-STUDY
A submarine or a ship can float because the weight of water that it displaces is equal to the weight of the
ship. This displacement of water creates an upward force called the buoyant force and acts opposite to
gravity, which would pull the ship down. Unlike a ship, a submarine can control its buoyancy, thus
allowing it to sink and surface at will.
To control its buoyancy, the submarine has ballast tanks and auxiliary, or trim tanks, that can be
alternately filled with water or air. When the submarine is on the surface, the ballast tanks are filled with
air and the submarine's overall density is less than that of the surrounding water. As the submarine dives,
the ballast tanks are flooded with water and the air in the ballast tanks is vented from the submarine until
its overall density is greater than the surrounding water and the submarine begins to sink (negative
buoyancy). A supply of compressed air is maintained aboard the submarine in air flasks for life support
and for use with the ballast tanks. In addition, the submarine has movable sets of short "wings" called
hydroplanes on the stern (back) that help to control the angle of the dive. The hydroplanes are angled so
that water moves over the stern, which forces the stern upward; therefore, the submarine is angled
downward. To keep the submarine level at any set depth, the submarine maintains a balance of air and
water in the trim tanks so that its overall density is equal to the surrounding water (neutral buoyancy).
When the submarine surfaces, compressed air flows from the air flasks into the ballast tanks and the water
is forced out of the submarine until its overall density is less than the surrounding water (positive
buoyancy) and the submarine rises. In an emergency, the ballast tanks can be filled quickly with high-
pressure air to take the submarine to the surface very rapidly.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions:
1. What is a submarine? How can it be made to dive into the water and come to the surface of the water?
2. A body is held immersed in a liquid.
(i) Name the two forces acting on body and draw a diagram to show these forces.
(ii) State how do the magnitudes of two forces mentioned in part (i) determione whether the body will
float or sink in liquid when it is released.
(iii) What is the net force if the body (a) sinks (b) floats.
3. If the weight of the object is more than the weight of the water displaced, the object _____
a. Remains constant b. Floats c. Sinks d. None of the above options
4. State true or false: Buoyant force acts in a direction opposite to the gravitational force.
a. TRUE b. FALSE
5. Choose YES or NO: Does the fluid pressure increase with depth? a.YES b. NO
SECTION D: NUMERICAL PROBLEMS
1. A cube of edge length 10 cm is placed inside a liquid. The pressure at the centre of the face is 15 Pa.
Find the force exerted by the liquid on this face.
2. The force on a phonogram needle is 1.2 N. The point has a circular cross-section of radius 0.1mm.
What pressure does it exert on the record in (i) Pa (ii) atm?
3. A nail is driven into a wooden board by using a hammer. The impact of the hammer on the head of nail
produces a thrust of 25 N. If the area of the head is 0.5 mm2 and of the tip 0.1 mm2, find the pressure on
the head and the tip of the nail.
4. A car weighs 1200 kg. This weight is evenly distributed on 4 wheels. If the pressure in each tyre is 15
kgwf/cm2, what is the area of each tyre in contact.
5. Calculate the greatest and the least pressure exerted by a metal block of size 20 cm x 8 cm x 5 cm and
having a mass of 5 kg.
6. The mass of an empty bucket of capacity 10 litres is 1 kg. Find its mass when completely filled with a
liquid of relative density 0.8.
7. A piece of copper of mass 106g is dipped in a measuring cylinder containing water at 22 ml mark. The
water rises to 34 ml mark. Find (a) volume of the copper piece (b) the density of copper.
8. A bottle weighs 30g when empty, 53.4 g when filled with a liquid and 48 g when filled with water.
Calculate the density of the liquid. Given, density of water at 40C = 1000 kg/m3.
9. A silver ornament is suspected to be hollow. Its weight is 250g and it displaces 50 cc of water. If the
relative density of silver be 10, find the volume of the cavity.
10. A body of mass 2.0 kg and density 8000 kg/m3 is completely dipped in a liquid of density 800 kg/m3.
Find the force of buoyancy on it.
11. A piece of iron of density 7.8 x 103 kg/m3 and volume 100 cm3 is totally immersed in water. Calculate
(a) the weight of iron piece in air (b) the upthrust and (c) apparent weight in water.

12. (i) A solid body of mass 150g and volume 250 cm3 is put in water. Will the body float or sink?
(ii) A body of 2.0 kg floats in a liquid. What is the buoyant force on the body?
(iii) A solid of density 5000 kg/m3 weighs 0.5 kg-f in air. It is completely immersed in water of density
1000 kg/m3.
(a) Calculate the apparent weight of the solid in water.
(b) What will be its apparent weight if water is replaced by a liquid of density 8000 kg/m3.
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