ARPROPR2 REVIEWER environment and the development controls that apply

to the site and its environs.

TOPIC #2: SPP DOCUMENTS 201 “PRE-DESIGN
SERVICES” ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH
I. INTRODUCTION Architectural research entails the conduct of
primary and secondary research and assembled facts
The basic services provided by the Architect used as basis for conclusion.
have remained relatively unchanged over the years.
However, the Architect must expand his services in ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING
response to the increasing demands of his/her clients,
the evolution of new standards of regulated This analytical problem-seeking process will
professional practice, the advancement of technology lead to the statement and identification of both
and the enactment of new laws. horizontal and vertical requirements in offering a
solution. It incorporates a space program with
It will be most advantageous to the Client to characterizations of the envisioned spaces such as
involve the Architect in the earliest stages of the project ambience, cost range, etc.
since the Architect, if suitably experienced, can provide
the Client with objective project analysis, establishing SPACE PLANNING
parameters to optimize building needs vis-à-vis The Architect determines the adequate size
available resources and attendant constraints. and appropriate configuration and assemblage for a
II. SCOPE OF PRE-DESIGN SERVICES proposed project in consideration of the use, allocation
and interface of spaces for given activities.
The Pre- Design Services cover a broad line of
architectural services ranging from initial problem SPACE MANAGEMENT STUDIES
identification to activities that would allow the Architect An analysis of the space requirements of the
to initially conceptualize an array of architectural and project based on organizational structure and
allied solutions. functional set-up pinpoints linkages and interaction of
CONSULTATION spaces.

When a Client calls upon the Architect to give VALUE MANAGEMENT

oral or written advice and direction, to attend This technique is applied in the cost
conferences, to make evaluations and appraisals management process to minimize the negative
regarding a contemplated project and similar activities, effect of simplified operations associated with many
the Architect renders valuable inputs whether or not cost-reduction programs. The goal of value
the client pursues the project. management is to achieve an unimpaired program at
PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDIES minimum cost.

These preliminary studies involve the procurement, DESIGN BRIEF PREPARATION

analysis and use of secondary information gathered for Under design brief preparation, the Architect
the project to aid the Client in early decision-making. states the project terms of reference (ToR) including
They represent the Architect's initial assessment of a the concept, objectives and other necessary
project's soundness, allowing the Client to promptly requirements to bid out architectural services (whether
explore available/ readily identifiable directions / public or private).
options.
PROMOTIONAL SERVICES
FEASIBILITY STUDIES
Project may require promotional activities in
Detailed analysis of the project based on pre- order to develop and generate financial support and
feasibility studies will determine the viability of a acceptance from governing agencies or from the
proposed development. The studies will set the project general public. In such cases, the Architect can act as
against present and future trends to forecast how it will the agent of the owner by producing and coordinating
perform over time. This requires primary data the additional activities necessary to complete the
gathering and analysis. services.
SITE SELECTION AND ANALYSIS III. MANNER OF PROVIDING SERVICES
This entails the formulation of site criteria,  Promotional services
assistance to the Client in site evaluation as well as  Manner of payment
analysis to determine the most appropriate site/s for a  Owner’s responsibilities
proposed project or building program.  Other conditions of services

SITE UTILIZATION AND LAND-USE STUDIES The architect can render services in any of the
following ways:
The detailed analysis of the site involves the
identification of a site's development potentials through  As an individual Architect, he must have
the proper utilization of land. The analysis covers the special training and be knowledgeable in
context of the site as well as that of its surrounding different fields to supplement his skills.
 Architect’s Own Staff
  By Association, Consultation or Networking and long-distance calls, technical, and laboratory
IV. METHOD OF COMPENSATION tests, licenses, fees, taxes, and similar cost items
needed by the Project.
The architect’s compensation is based on the
Architect’s / architectural firm’s talents, skills, Direct Cost= AN+CN+TN
experience, imagination, and on the type and level of Fee= Direct Cost (Multiplier)
professional services provided. Compensation for pre- Total Cost of Service charged to Client= Fee+ R
design services may be based on one or more of the
following: LUMP SUM OR FIXED FEE

 Multiple of Direct Personnel Expenses This method may be applied to government

 Professional Fee Plus Expenses projects since they entail more paperwork and time-
 Lump Sum or Fixed Fee consuming efforts.
 Per Diem, Honorarium Plus Reimbursable PER DIEM, HONORARIUM PLUS REIMBURSABLE
Expenses EXPENSES
 Mixed Methods of Compensation
 Attending project related meetings,
MULTIPLE OF DIRECT EXPENSES conferences or trips;
This cost-based method of compensation is  Conducting ocular inspection of possible
applicable only to non- creative work such as project sites;
accounting, secretarial, research, data gathering,  Conferring with others regarding prospective
preparation of reports and the like. investments or ventures and the like.

The computation is made by adding all costs The SPP provides for more than one method
of technical services (man hours x rate) and then of compensation on a project. Each project should be
multiplying it by a multiplier to cover overhead and examined to determine the most appropriate and
profit. equitable method of compensation.

The multiplier ranges from 1.5 to 2.5

depending on the office set-up, overhead and
experience of the Architect and the complexity of the
project.
FORMULA:
Assume:
A= Architect’s rate/ hour
C= Consultant’s rate/ hour
T= Rate per hour of Technical Staff, Researchers and
others involved in the Project
AN, CN, TN- No. of hours spent by Architect,
Consultants and Technical Staff
M= Multiplier to account for overhead and reasonable
profit. The value may range from 1.5 to 2.5 depending
on the set-up of architect’s office and the complexity of
the Project.
R= Reimbursable expenses such as transportation,
housing and living allowance of Consultant,
transportation, per diem, housing and living allowance
of local consultants and technical staff if assigned to
places over 100 km. from the area of operation of the
Architect.
PROFESSIONAL FEE PLUS EXPENSES
This method of compensation is frequently
used where there is continuing relationship involving a
series of projects. It establishes a fixed sum over and
above the reimbursement for the Architect’s technical
time and overhead. An agreement on the general
scope of the work is necessary in order to set an
equitable fee.
Cost of printing of extra set of drawings,
reports, maps, contract documents, etc. over the
five (5) copies submitted to the Client, overseas