Alhy Cai Kez Research I

Chapter I
Introduction
Background of the study:

Insect repellents are crucial public health instruments for preventing vector-borne
diseases carrying infectious illnesses (Goddard, 2002). Actions to eliminate vector-borne
diseases can significantly improve health and remove a significant development barrier in poor
areas (Amerasinghe, 2006). Also, these insect repellents aid in the prevention and
management of the emergence of insect-borne illnesses like dengue fever, Lyme disease, and
malaria as well as the plague (Wikipedia, 2011). Technically, any chemical is an insect repellent.
Insects or other arthropods make guided and oriented decisions, whether artificial or
natural moving away from the repellent's source. Lemon grass can also be used naturally pest
deterrent (Helmenstine, 2011).
According to the EPA website, any repellents contain chemicals like N,N-Diethyl- meta-
toluamide. The active chemical ingredient in insect repellents (meta-toluamide) is being replaced
by more and more damaging information being made public, including all-natural components.
Citrus grass is the EPA's GRAS list and is recognized as being exceptionally safe (generally
regarded as safe). The effective insect-repelling abilities of these become indispensable to people
all across the world. Lemon grass can be sprayed on oneself or an area.
Medical News Today said that, Origanum vulgare, another name for the herb oregano, is
a culinary seasoning. It is considered safe in amounts seen in ordinary food sources, despite the
fact that there is minimal evidence of any health benefits.
Based on the New world Encyclopedia website, Oregano has purple blossoms and olive-
green leaves. Along with other herbs, it comes from the same family as mint, thyme, marjoram,
and basil. Oregano's chemical composition may help to reduce coughing. Oregano may also help
with digestion and offer some protection from viruses and germs.
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Statement of the problem:
The Researcher seeks to answer the following questions:
1. The efficacy of lemongrass and oregano as mosquito repellent in terms of:
1.1 Repelling Mosquitoes
2. What is the acceptability of homemade or handmade mosquito repellent in terms of:
2.1 Shelf Life of the product
2.2 Freshness of the product
Hypotheses:
Based on the statement of the problem, the following hypothesis were considered in this
study:
1. The Organic Mosquito Repellent have a high level of effectiveness in repelling
mosquitoes
2. Organic Mosquito Repellent have a high level of acceptability in terms of shelf life,
freshness.
Significance of the study:

The focus of this study is to determine the effectiveness of lemon grass and oregano as
organic mosquito repellent. In conducting this study, the Researchers consider the effectiveness,
freshness, and the shelf life of the product.
The following will gain from this study’s completion:
FUTURE RESEARCHERS. This might use as a guide if they opt to do the same study, and it
might also provide them with important information.
STUDENTS. They could learn from this study that lemongrass and oregano are as primary
components in a mosquito repellent and how harmless it could be for them to use it daily.
SOCIETY. This study could inform the society about the value of oregano and lemongrass as
mosquito repellents and help spread the word about ways to avoid contracting diseases spread by
this mosquitoes.
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Scope and Limitation/Delimitation
The study was conducted by the researchers during the months of September 2022 to the
end of the 3rd Quarter of School Year 2022-2023. The actual experimentation was held at
Quimmarayan, Sto. Domingo, Ilocos Sur. The research was done through the use of pig’s skin as
the medium of experimentation. This research is all about Natural-Based Mosquito Repellent as
an alternative to the commercialized mosquito repellent. The research is conducted to determine
the effectivity of the mosquito repellent in terms in repelling and the acceptability in terms of
shelf life and freshness of the product.
Operational Definition of terms

The following definitions on the context of this research were made to aid in
comprehending this study.
Oregano. It refers to a aromatic plant that has many benefits when treating health conditions and
is one of the main ingredients.
Lemongrass. It is a fragrant grass that produces oil with lemony scent and is also one of the
main ingredients in this study.
Glycerin. It is a thick, pleasant, and colorless liquid that is used as a preservative to maintain the
shelf life of the product.
Commercialized. It is primarily profit-oriented and aim for financial advantage.
Repel. Refers to slow down or turn something away.
Alternative. A suggestion that gives the option of choosing just one thing out of two or more be
picked.
Evaporation. A technique used to turn liquids into vapor.
Isopropyl Alcohol. A colorless chemical substance that has a strong smell an used as the anti-
bacterial agent.
Prevention. Refers to an action of stopping something from happening.
4
Chapter II
Review of Related Literature
On Mosquitoes
Almost everyone has endured the uncomfortable sensation of a mosquito bite. The red
mark and itching from mosquito bites are the result of an allergic reaction to the saliva of the
insect. However, the transfer of dangerous illnesses and viruses including West Nile virus,
dengue virus, Zika, and malaria, which can have fatal and severely disabling effects, may be a
more significant outcome of some mosquito bites (such as encephalitis, meningitis and
microcephaly).
In addition to diseases that affect humans, mosquitoes can also spread a number of
illnesses and parasites that dogs and horses are particularly vulnerable to. These include West
Nile virus, dog heart worms, and eastern equine encephalitis.
Different forms of standing water are preferred by various mosquito species for egg
laying. In permanent ponds, lakes, and streams, the presence of beneficial predators like fish and
dragonfly nymphs helps keep these bodies of water largely free of mosquito larvae. On the other
hand, certain areas of marshes, swamps, choked ditches, and transient pools and puddles are all
abundant mosquito breeding grounds. Some species also lay their eggs at these other locations:
Old tires, toys, potted plant trays and saucers, tree holes.
Diseases that spreads using arthropod vectors like mosquito cause 80% of the global
population at risk. Mosquito contributes the most in vector-born disease. (Franklinos, Jones)
(Redding, 2019)
Giovanni Benelli (2015) says that “Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are a key threat for
millions of people worldwide, since they act as vectors for devastating pathogens and parasites.”
Mostly are controlled by using organophosphates, insect growth regulators, and microbial agents.
Based on the study conducted by (Carvajal, Cuenca, Hernandez, Ho, 2015), the biology
background of the mosquito and the place are one of the factors that determines the safeness
against mosquito
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On Mosquito Repellent
In order to prevent mosquitoes from landing or crawling on skin, clothing, or other
surfaces, a repellent must be applied. Viral infections with a high mortality rate can be spread by
mosquitoes. West Nile virus (WNV) and eastern equine encephalitis are two diseases spread by
mosquitos in Massachusetts (EEE). Mosquito repellents can minimize your odds of being bitten
by a mosquito as well as your risk of contracting one of these diseases. When you are outside
and exposed to mosquitoes, use a mosquito repellent. Although some varieties of mosquitoes
may sometimes be active throughout the day, in general, mosquitoes are most active between
dusk and dawn. Mosquitoes often begin to emerge in early or mis-spring and remain active until
the first hard frost.
The use of repellents reduces mosquitoes' interactions with their hosts and, in many cases,
even lowers the rate of disease transmission.
The likelihood that you will be bitten by a mosquito and the likelihood that you will
contract one of these diseases can both be decreased by using mosquito repellent. There are
several products made from plants that can be used to ward off mosquitoes, such as oil of lemon
eucalyptus.
Since ancient times, people have employed plant-based repellents to defend themselves
from mosquitoes that are looking for hosts. For the creation of new natural products,
ethnobotanical studies, knowledge of plants used as traditional repulsive, is a valuable resource.
For many of the poorest communities in the tropics, plant-based repellents are still widely used
in this traditional manner throughout rural communities. In fact, for some of these communities,
as in Europe and North America, "natural" smelling repellents are preferred because plants are
seen as a reliable and secure method of preventing mosquito bites.
Based on (Robert Silva, 2019), there are many recorded cases of diseases that mosquitos
produce and the best method to avoid is mosquito repellant. A natural based repellant has
garnered an interest due as the cases of mosquito ill-borne diseases have arouse. Mosquito
repellants are frequently made in emulsion, lotion, and sprays by the commercial market.
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The broad research about formulation of natural based repellant that manage Aedes
aegypti, a mosquito that cause dengue fever, chikungunya, zika virus, and other diseases shows
that its safer for the people, environment, and other non-target organism. (Oliveira et al, 2016)
Mosquito Repellent lowers down the risk of having contact with a human. On an
experiment, a lot had been found that have mosquito repellent activity. Possibilities of how a
repellent works were found in a way where antennae of a mosquito were applied by a repellent,
and the result was the antennae of the mosquito were blocking the attractant, and the repellent
was heteromeric ligand-gated ion channel. (Bohbot, Dickens, 2013)
Mosquito Repellent is one of the useful methods that keeps us safe from mosquitoes.
Recent studies had been conducted to improve the repellent’s shelf life and formulations like
polymer micelles, nano emulsions, solid-lipid nanoparticles, liposomes and cyclodextrins has
been found effective. Furthermore, they want to reduce the biting rate of mosquitoes transmitting
disease.
On Lemongrass (Cymbopogon)
Lemongrass or Cymbopogon is a type of plant. The oil and leaves are used to create
medication. For many ailments, lemongrass is typically taken orally, rubbed directly to the skin,
or inhaled as aromatherapy. However, there is little scientific evidence to support any of its usual
use.
In general, mosquitoes are most active between dusk and dawn. It often begins to emerge
in early or mis-spring and remain active until the first hard frost.
Mosquitoes are disease carriers and annoyance pests. Repellents reduce exposure to these
insects. As a replacement for DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-methyl benzamide), an effective substance
with drawbacks including hazardous responses and damage to plastic and synthetic fabric, and
with repellents based on essential oils (EO) are being developed.
The use of repellents reduce mosquitoes' interactions with their hosts and, in many cases,
even lowers the rate of disease transmission.
The likelihood that you will be bitten by a mosquito and the likelihood that you will
contract one of these diseases can both be decreased by using mosquito repellent. There are
several products made from plants that can be used to ward off mosquitoes, such as oil of lemon
eucalyptus.
7
Since ancient times, people have employed plant-based repellents to defend themselves
from mosquitoes that are looking for hosts. For the creation of new natural products,
ethnobotanical studies' knowledge of plants used as traditional repulsive is a valuable resource.
For many of the poorest communities in the tropics, plant-based repellents are still widely used
in this traditional manner throughout rural communities. In fact, for some of these communities,
as in Europe and North America, "natural" smelling repellents are preferred because plants are
seen as a reliable and secure method of preventing mosquito bites.
An essential oil from Cymbopogon releases repellent activity in Aedes aegypti. The
essential oil is extracted from leaves using steam distillation. (Alighiri, Eden, Supardi, 2020)
The pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, and energy industries all have significant economic
possibilities for lemongrass oil. Regarding its pharmacological qualities, lemongrass oil has been
found to have a wide range of biological activities, including antibacterial, insecticidal, analgesic,
and anticancer effects, in addition to its effectiveness as an insect repellent. (Mokarram,
Masroor, Khan, Zehra ., Choudhary. , Naeem, Aftab) (2021)
According to (Wifek, Saeed, Rehman, Nisar 2016) “It is a medicinal plant with
compounds capable of controlling pathogens and increasing herbal resistance to pathogenic
diseases.” Lemon grass is used as a herbal teas and as a non-alcoholic beverages in baked foods.
On Oregano (Origanum Vulgare)

The herb oregano or sometimes called Origanum vulgare is used to flavor dishes. In
ordinary food amounts, it is regarded safe, but there is minimal evidence of health benefits.
The leaves of oregano are olive-green, while the blooms are purple. It is related to other
herbs such as mint, thyme, marjoram, and basil. Oregano includes compounds that may aid with
cough relief. Oregano may also aid digestion and fight off certain bacteria and viruses.
Known for its flavorful dried leaves and flowering tops, oregano (Origanum vulgare),
also known as Origanum or wild marjoram, is an aromatic perennial herb of the mint family
(Lamiaceae).
The antiseptic and insect repellent properties of oregano oil are highly regarded. It
contains some active ingredients that have been shown to be very effective at keeping
mosquitoes away, including carvacrol, thymol, and terpinene.
The oregano plant has olive-green leaves and purple flowers. It shares a family tree with
other herbs like basil, marjoram, mint, and thyme. Compounds in oregano may help to relieve
8
coughing. Additionally, oregano may improve digestion and defend against some viruses and
germs.
People use oregano to treat wounds, parasitic infections, and a variety of other ailments,
but there is no scientific proof to back up these claims.
Oregano is used in foods like pizza, salads, soup, and other dishes but this can be also a
great alternative in repelling mosquitos especially if you don’t like applying harmful chemicals
oregano is a great use because insects like mosquitos hated the herbs aromatic oil. (Caines, 2022)
Based on ScienceDaily, oregano is a natural insecticide that works effectively as the
synthetic insecticide. With the risk of using synthetic insecticide, oregano is conducted to be use
as an alternative as it compose 18 components that concentrates in managing pests.
Oregano essential oils are well known for their antibacterial qualities, in addition to being
antiviral and antifungal. However, current research has shown that these substances are also
effective anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and antioxidant agents. With this findings,
industries like food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics took an interest on the properties of oregano
Glycerin (glycerol)
According to the website of Healthline, Glycerin, also known as glycerol, is a natural
compound derived from vegetable oils or animal fats. It’s a clear, colorless, odorless, and syrupy
liquid with a sweet taste. Glycerin is a humectant, a type of moisturizing agent that pulls water
into the outer layer of your skin from deeper levels of your skin and the air. In skin care products,
glycerin is commonly used with occlusives, another type of moisturizing agent, to trap the
moisture it draws into the skin. Glycerin is great for helping your skin retain moisture. And, as
long as you’re not allergic to it, it’s safe to use. However, the jury is out on whether it can help
lighten your skin. Glycerin is best known for its ability to moisturize and protect the skin.
According to the American Academy of Dermatology Association, glycerin can: hydrate
the outer layer of the skin (stratum corneum), improve skin barrier function, provide protection
against skin irritants, accelerate wound-healing processes, relieve dry skin and may help
with psoriasis.
Glycerol availability has increased recently as a result of the manufacturing of biodiesel.
Glycerol can be used as a raw material in the production of glycerol carbonate, an essential
chemical. (Lanjekar, Rathod, 2013) “Glycerol is a valuable byproduct in biodiesel
production by transesterification, soap manufacturing by saponification as well as hydrolysis
9
reaction. The purity of glycerol obtained is low due to the presence of impurities such as
remaining catalyst, water, soaps, salts and esters formed during the reaction.” (Tan, Aziz, Aroua,
2013)
On Isopropyl Alcohol
According to the National Library of Medicine, Isopropyl Alcohol is an isomer of propyl
alcohol with antibacterial properties. Although the exact mechanism of isopropanol's disinfecting
action is not known, it might kill cells by denaturing cell proteins and DNA, interfering with
cellular metabolism, and dissolving cell lipo-protein membranes. Isopropanol is used in soaps
and lotions as an antiseptic.
They also said that, Isopropyl alcohol or 2-propanol is an isomer of 1-propanol. It is a
colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its
derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic. Small amounts of this alcohol
are produced naturally by gut microbial flora. Isopropyl Alcohol is a natural product found
in Citrus hystrix, Malus pumila, and other organisms with data available.
According to Green Go (Isopropyl) Alcohol is a natural ingredient and can be use as an
alternative in repelling insects or bugs however it might not be the same effectiveness as
repelling product though it does not enough evidence it can also be used to ease in the bitten part
of the mosquito.
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RELATED STUDIES
Plants have been recognized as an alternate source of repellant agent in many
ethnobotanical assessments they’ve been used. Historically, in various places of the world. The
repulsive mosquito and insect repellent characteristics of plant essential oils were all recognized
prior to the introduction of synthetic compounds. Plant-derived repellents do not normally pose
any health risks. Toxicity to humans and domestic animals and are easily biodegradable bio
graded. In comparison to synthetic substances, Natural products are thought to be safe for hums
consumption. Furthermore, in contrast to synthetic repellents, nontarget organisms die as a result
of the environmental danger as a mosquito pesticide resistance has increased, while natural
products have increased during the previous five decades.
According to Mass.gov, mosquito repellent is used to discourage mosquitoes in landing
to skin or clothes. It is necessary to use it outside or even in the house as mosquitoes are
everywhere and also before applying read the ingredients and the cautions of the product.
Natural based mosquito repellent can be an alternative but have low evidences that shows it has
the same as DEET but a study occurred that plants such as lemon eucalyptus have a low
concentration same as DEET.
Based on the study of (Goswami, Pal, Roy 2017) an increase of insect repellents had been
made for consumers benefits but the risked of toxicity in environment also plummeted and it
occurred danger in human health and to the other organisms unintentionally.
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A. Conceptual Framework
To exemplify the study, the paradigm is utilized to determine the process of making
Organic Mosquito Repellent Spray. Illustrated by the input-process-output model shown in the
figure.
Input Process Output
1. The first step is to sanitize your

hands and your workspace to
Ingredients avoid contamination and
64 grams destruction of the product.

Lemongrass 2. Chop the lemongrass and
64 grams Oregano oregano into small pieces, set

Mosquito
aside and put them in a separate Repellent
300 grams Water
container.
4.2 grams Glycerin 3. Prepare a stock pot and pour
4.2 grams Isopropyl water with a measurement of

Alcohol 300 mL on it.
4. Put the chopped lemon grass
and oregano in the pot and boil
it for 5 minutes.
5. After boiling, use a strainer to
separate the liquids from the
solid. Then let it cool for a
while. When the mixture has
cooled down, add 1 teaspoon of
glycerin and 1 teaspoon of
isopropyl, Afterwards, transfer
the mixture to the 10 ml Spray
bottle and ensure that the lid is 12
properly secured and shake it
Figure
It is indicated in Figure 1 that the 1. Conceptual
Lemongrass Paradigm
and Oregano leaves were considered to be
part of the input variable.
In order to prepare the Mosquito Repellent, the stated input variable is processed through
raw materials, particularly the lemongrass and oregano.
The study has been postulated if there is a complete manner of the following process’
variable a good product will be product.
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Chapter III
Research Design and Methodology
This Chapter discusses the methods employed in this study.
Research Design
In this investigation, a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) will be used as an
experimental design because the samples are uniform.
In conducting our experiment for our research study, the materials should be prepared
beforehand. Our main ingredient can be seen and obtained in herbariums.
After gathering and preparing the materials and ingredients needed, we are now going to
start our experiment. The experiment is home-based and will be conducted at a room temperature
in Zone 6, Quimmarayan, Sto. Domingo, Ilocos Sur.
The first step is to sanitize your hands and your workspace to avoid contamination and
destruction of the product. In order to keep the product clean and safe, gloves are essential. Next,
chop the lemongrass and oregano into small pieces, set aside and put them in a separate container.
Afterward, prepare a stock pot and pour water with a measurement of 300 mL on it. Put the
chopped lemon grass and oregano in the pot and boil it for 5 minutes. After boiling, use a strainer
to separate the liquids from the solid. Then let it cool for a while. When the mixture has cooled
down, add 1 teaspoon of glycerin and 1 teaspoon of isopropyl. Afterwards, transfer the mixture
to the spray bottle and ensure that the lid is properly secured and shake it until the ingredients are
all mixed well. The mosquito repellent made from lemongrass and oregano are now ready for
testing.
14
Materials and Equipment:
In processing this, here are the things needed: Lemongrass, Oregano Leaves,
Glycerin, Isopropyl Alcohol, Water, Spoon, Knife, Chopping board, Strainer, Measuring
Cup, Stock Pot, and Gloves.
A. Research Diagram/Flow Chart:

The chart shows the sequence and design of experiment:
Cutting the Oregano Leaves and

Lemongrass
Boiling the Oregano Leaves and

Lemongrass
Separating the extracted oil from

the chunks of the leaves
Cooling down the extracted oil
Adding the preservatives:

Glycerin and Isopropyl Alcohol
15
Transferring the mixture to the
spray bottles
C. Preparation/Processing of Raw Materials

The Lemongrass and Oregano leaves were gathered and cleaned. The leaves
underwent to a boiling process until the oil of the leaves were extracted. The oil were moved
into an another container. Then the preservatives were added. The mixture were moved again
into the spray bottle, packed, and ready to use.
D. Testing/ Evaluation of the Product

Baygon was preferred as the brand X. The researchers tested the product with their
own, using the pig’s skin as the medium of experimentation. The Researchers also rated the
product based on the observation in a scale of 1-5 with 1 as the lowest rating and 5, the
highest.
Level of Acceptability of Mixture of Organum Vulgare and Cymbopogon as Culicidae

Species Repellent Spray
Rating Description
5.00-4.01 Highly Acceptable
4.00-3.01 Moderately Acceptable
3.00-1.01 Acceptable
2.01-1.01 Slightly Acceptable
1.00-0.01 Unacceptable
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CHAPTER IV
Sample Acceptability of the Product
Reaction Time
1 hour 4 hours 8 hours
Pig’s Skin #1 3 ml Organic Mosquito 5 5 4

Repellent
Repellent
Repellent
Results and Discussion
Problem 1. The acceptability of lemongrass and oregano as mosquito repellent in terms of:
1.1 Repelling Mosquitoes
5 - Highly Acceptable 4 - Moderately Acceptable 3 – Acceptable 2 – Slightly Acceptable

1 – Unacceptable
Table I: Set Up 1
Presented in Table I: Set Up 1 is the acceptability of the Organic Mosquito Repellent in

terms of repelling mosquitoes. The overall mean rating of the level of effectivity of the mosquito
repellant is interpreted as “highly acceptable” This implies that the mosquito repellent was
produced in a level that people will accept its effectivity.
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Acceptability in terms of Repelling Mosquitoes
Rating Descriptive Rating

Repelling Mosquitoes 4.88 Highly Acceptable
Overall Mean Rating 4.88 Highly Acceptable
The Acceptability of Repelling Mosquitoes was rated with the mean rating of 4.88
with a descriptive rating of “Highly Acceptable”. This implies that the mosquito repellent is very
effective which is just right for the liking of the people.
Figure 1: Set Up 1
18
Based on the conducted experiment, the ability to repel in the 1st hour garnered 34%,
while in the 4th hour it stayed the same at 34%, and in the 8th hour it garnered 32% and it got the
Reaction Time

Repellent
Repellent
Repellent
lowest percentage. The result of the experiment shows that the ability to repel mosquitoes is
effective, but as time passes, the effectiveness decreases

1 – Unacceptable
Table II: Set Up 2
Presented in Table II: Set Up 2 is the acceptability of the Organic Mosquito Repellent in

19
The Acceptability of Repelling Mosquitoes was rated with the mean rating of 4.88 with a
descriptive rating of “Highly Acceptable”. This implies that the mosquito repellent is very
Figure 2: Set Up 2
According to the trial, the ability to repel received 34% in the first hour, kept the same in
the fourth, and received 32% in the eighth hour, which was the lowest percentage. The
experiment's findings indicate that while mosquito repulsion is effective, it loses some of its
potency with time.
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Reaction Time

Repellent
Repellent
Pig’s Skin #3 10 ml Organic 5 5 5
Mosquito Repellent

1 – Unacceptable
Table III: Set Up 3
Presented in Table III: Set Up 3 is the acceptability of the Organic Mosquito Repellent in
21
The Acceptability of Repelling Mosquitoes was rated with the mean rating of 4.88 with a
descriptive rating of “Highly Acceptable”. This implies that the mosquito repellent is very
Figure 3: Set Up 3
According to the results of the experiment, the ability to repel received 34% in the first
hour, kept the same in the fourth hour, and received the lowest percentage in the eighth hour
32%. The trial results reveal that the capacity to repel mosquitoes is effective, but its efficiency
reduces over time.
22
Sample Acceptability of Shelf Life of the Product
Reaction Time

Repellent
Repellent
Repellent
Problem 2. What is the acceptability of homemade or handmade mosquito repellent in

terms of:
2.1 Shelf Life of the product
2.2 Freshness of the product

1 – Unacceptable
Table I: Set Up 1
Presented in Table I: Set Up 1 is the acceptability of the Organic Mosquito Repellent in

terms of the Shelf-life of the product. The overall mean rating of the level of acceptability of the
23
mosquito repellant is interpreted as “highly acceptable” This implies that the mosquito repellent
was produced in a level that people will accept its effectivity.

The Acceptability of the Shelf-life was rated with the mean rating of 4.77 with a
descriptive rating of “Highly Acceptable”. This implies that the mosquito repellent is acceptable
in terms of the shelf-life
Figure 1: Set Up 1
24
Based on the gathered data, 1st hour garnered 34% in the rating, the highest among all,
and in the 4th hour the percentage lowered to 33%, while in the 8th hour it remained at 33%.
Based on the data shown, the shelf life of the product remained effective, but as time passed, the
credibility of the shelf life lowered.

1 – Unacceptable
25
Table II: Set Up 2
Reaction Time

Repellent
Repellent
Repellent
Presented in Table 2: Set Up 2 is the acceptability of the Organic Mosquito Repellent in

in terms of the shelf-life.
Figure 2: Set Up 2
26
According to the data collected, the first hour had the highest rating of 34%. The
percentage then dropped to 33% in the fourth hour and stayed at 33% in the eighth. According to
the statistics presented, the product's shelf life continued to be useful but lost some of its validity
with time.
27
1 – Unacceptable
Reaction Time

Repellent
Repellent
Repellent
Table III: Set Up 3
Presented in Table III: Set Up 3 is the acceptability of the Organic Mosquito Repellent in

in terms of the shelf-life.
28
Figure 3: Set Up 3
According to the data collected, the first hour had the highest rating of 34%, followed by
the fourth hour at 33%, and the eighth hour at 33%. Based on the facts presented, the product's
shelf life remained functional, but its credibility deteriorated over time.
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1 – Unacceptable
Sample Acceptability of Freshness of the Product
Reaction Time

Repellent
Repellent
Repellent
Table I: Set Up 1

terms of the Freshness of the product. The overall mean rating of the level of acceptability of the

The Acceptability of the Freshness was rated with the mean rating of 4.88 with a
in terms of the Freshness.
30
Figure 1: Set Up 1
Based on the garnered data, the 1st hour scored 35% in the rating, the 4th hour remained at
35%, and the 8th hour had the lowest rating with a 30% rating. With the garnered data, the
products’ freshness remained highly effective up to the 4th hour, but when it reached that time,
the freshness decreased.
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1 – Unacceptable
Reaction Time

Repellent
Repellent
Pig’s Skin #3 10 ml Organic 5 5 5
Mosquito Repellent
Table II: Set Up 2


32
Figure 2: Set Up 2
According to the data, the first hour received a 35% rating, the fourth hour received a
35% rating, and the eighth hour received a 30% rating. Using the data gathered, the items'
freshness remained highly effective until the 4th hour, at which point the freshness diminished.
33
1 – Unacceptable
Reaction Time

Repellent
Repellent
Repellent
Table III: Set Up 3


34
Figure 3: Set Up 3
Based on the garnered data, the 1st hour scored 35% in the rating, the 4th hour remained at
35%, and the 8th hour had the lowest rating with a 30% rating. With the garnered data, the
products’ freshness remained highly effective up to the 4th hour, but when it reached that time,
the freshness decreased.
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CHAPTER V
Summary of Findings, Conclusion, and Recommendation
Summary of Findings
Based on the data gathered and analyzed, relevant findings are stated in the following:
1. Level of Acceptability of the Organic Mosquito Repellant
On the Acceptability of the Repellent in terms of its ability to repel mosquitoes, it was given
a mean rating of 4.8 and interpreted as highly acceptable.
2. Level of Acceptability in terms of Shelf-life
On the Acceptability of the Repellent in terms of Shelf-life, it was given a mean rating of
4.77 and interpreted as highly acceptable.
3. Level of Acceptability in terms of the Freshness
On the Acceptability of the Repellent in terms of the Freshness, it was given a mean rating of
4.88 and interpreted as highly acceptable.
Conclusion
After careful and cautious analysis and interpretation of data the following conclusions are
presented on the following:
1. The level of Acceptability of the mosquito repellent in terms of its ability to repel
mosquitoes is considered to be highly acceptable.
2. The level of Acceptability of the mosquito repellent in terms of the shelf-life is
considered to be highly acceptable.
3. The level of Acceptability of the mosquito repellant in terms of the freshness is
considered to be highly acceptable.
There are various mosquito-repellant products that are in the market right now and most of
them are chemical base in content. Seldom have we seen products that are organic. But according
to study and some research, there are plants which can be used as mosquito repellant. Some
examples of these plants are oregano and lemongrass which are medicinal also and can cure
various sicknesses.
The study recommends to encourage planting of lemongrass and oregano plants in school
and in backyards of every residence.
36
The lemongrass and oregano are highly effective as mosquito repellent but only for a
certain amount of time and the mount of the product applied.
Recommendation
The level of acceptability of a mosquito repellent in several aspects following a thorough
study and interpretation of the data. The repellent's capacity to deter mosquitoes is rated as
highly acceptable, demonstrating its potency in doing so. Second, the mosquito repellent's shelf-
life is likewise regarded as highly acceptable, indicating that it keeps its quality and effectiveness
for a sufficient amount of time. Finally, the repellent's freshness is seen as highly acceptable,
ensuring its effectiveness and appeal to users. These findings confirm the mosquito repellent's
favorable reception in a variety of contexts, demonstrating its potential as a trusted and well-
liked mosquito control method.
1. For future research, the product's effectivity should take effect immediately.
2. The longevity of effectiveness would last up to 24 hours.
3. The product's shelf-life will maintain its freshness up or maximum of 1 month
37
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40
Appendices
Chunks Chunks
of Lemongrass and Oregano
of Lemongrass and Oregano
in stock pot ready for boiling 41
Organic Mosquito RepellentBaygon as Brand X in different
in different measurements measurements
Pig's skins for Experimental Group

Pig's skins for Control Group
Pig's skins of Experimental Group after Pig's skins of Control Group after 1
1 hour hour
42
Pig's skins of Experimental Group after Pig's skins of Control Group after 84
84 hours
hour hour
hours

Alhy Cai Kez Research I

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Chapter I

Background of the study:

Significance of the study:

Operational Definition of terms

On Oregano (Origanum Vulgare)

1. The first step is to sanitize your

64 grams destruction of the product.

64 grams Oregano oregano into small pieces, set

4.2 grams Isopropyl water with a measurement of

This Chapter discusses the methods employed in this study.

A. Research Diagram/Flow Chart:

Cutting the Oregano Leaves and

Boiling the Oregano Leaves and

Separating the extracted oil from

Cooling down the extracted oil

Adding the preservatives:

C. Preparation/Processing of Raw Materials

D. Testing/ Evaluation of the Product

Level of Acceptability of Mixture of Organum Vulgare and Cymbopogon as Culicidae

Sample Acceptability of the Product

1 hour 4 hours 8 hours

Pig’s Skin #1 3 ml Organic Mosquito 5 5 4

5 - Highly Acceptable 4 - Moderately Acceptable 3 – Acceptable 2 – Slightly Acceptable

Presented in Table I: Set Up 1 is the acceptability of the Organic Mosquito Repellent in

Rating Descriptive Rating

Sample Acceptability of the Product

1 hour 4 hours 8 hours

Pig’s Skin #1 3 ml Organic Mosquito 5 5 4

5 - Highly Acceptable 4 - Moderately Acceptable 3 – Acceptable 2 – Slightly Acceptable

Acceptability in terms of Repelling Mosquitoes

Rating Descriptive Rating

1 hour 4 hours 8 hours

Pig’s Skin #1 3 ml Organic Mosquito 5 5 4

5 - Highly Acceptable 4 - Moderately Acceptable 3 – Acceptable 2 – Slightly Acceptable

Table III: Set Up 3

Acceptability in terms of Repelling Mosquitoes

Rating Descriptive Rating

1 hour 4 hours 8 hours

Pig’s Skin #1 3 ml Organic Mosquito 5 4 4

Problem 2. What is the acceptability of homemade or handmade mosquito repellent in

5 - Highly Acceptable 4 - Moderately Acceptable 3 – Acceptable 2 – Slightly Acceptable

Presented in Table I: Set Up 1 is the acceptability of the Organic Mosquito Repellent in

Acceptability in terms of Repelling Mosquitoes

Rating Descriptive Rating

5 - Highly Acceptable 4 - Moderately Acceptable 3 – Acceptable 2 – Slightly Acceptable

Sample Acceptability of Shelf Life of the Product

1 hour 4 hours 8 hours

Pig’s Skin #1 3 ml Organic Mosquito 5 4 4

Acceptability in terms of Repelling Mosquitoes

Rating Descriptive Rating

Sample Acceptability of Shelf Life of the Product

1 hour 4 hours 8 hours

Pig’s Skin #1 3 ml Organic Mosquito 5 4 4

Acceptability in terms of Repelling Mosquitoes

Rating Descriptive Rating

Sample Acceptability of Freshness of the Product

1 hour 4 hours 8 hours

Pig’s Skin #1 3 ml Organic Mosquito 5 5 4

Presented in Table 1: Set Up 1 is the acceptability of the Organic Mosquito Repellent in