Acids, Bases and Salts 61

20. Common salt, besides being used in kitchen, can Column (A) Column (B)
also be used as the raw material for making (a) Plaster of Paris (i) Ca(OH)2
(i) washing soda (b) Gypsum (ii) CaSO4.1/2H2O
(ii) bleaching powder (c) Bleaching Powder (iii) CaSO4.2H2O
(iii) baking soda (d) Slaked Lime (iv) CaOCl2
(iv) slaked lime Ans. (a) Plaster of Paris (ii) CaSO4⋅½H2O
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i), (ii) and (iv) (b) Gypsum (iii) CaSO4·2H2O
(c) (i) and (iii) (d) (i), (iii) and (iv) (c) Bleaching powder (iv) CaOCl2
Ans. (c) Na2CO3.10H2O and NaHCO3 are prepared (d) Slaked lime (i) Ca(OH)2
from NaCl (Brine solution). 27. What will be the action of the following substances
21. Which of the following statements is correct about on litmus paper?
an aqueous solution of an acid and of a base ? Dry HCl gas, Moistened NH3 gas, Lemon juice,
(i) Higher the pH, stronger the acid Carbonated soft drink, Curd, Soap solution.
(ii) Higher the pH, weaker the acid Ans. Dry HCl gas will not have any effect on litmus paper.
(iii) Lower the pH, stronger the base Moistened NH3 gas will turn red litmus blue. Curd,
(iv) Lower the pH, weaker the base lemon juice, carbonated soft drink will turn blue
(a) (i) and (iii) (b) (ii) and (iii) litmus red. Soap solution will turn red litmus blue.
(c) (i) and (iv) (d) (ii) and (iv) 28. Name the acid present in ant sting and give its
Ans. (d) Lower pH, more H+, stronger acid. Lower pH, chemical formula. Also give the common method
less OH–, weaker base. to get relief from the discomfort caused by the ant
22. The pH of the gastric juices released during sting.
digestion is Ans. Ant sting contains methanoic acid (formic acid). Its
(a) less than 7 (b) more than 7 chemical formula is HCOOH. The common method
(c) equal to 7 (d) equal to 0 to get relief is to apply paste of NaHCO3 (baking
Ans. (a) Its pH = 2 due to secreation of HCl. soda) on it.
23. Which of the following substance will not give 29. What happens when nitric acid is added to egg-
carbon dioxide on treatment with dilute acid ? shell?
(a) Marble (b) Limestone Ans. Egg-shell is made up of calcium carbonate which will
(c) Baking soda (d) Lime react with HNO3 to form CO2 (g) and H2O (l) along
Ans. (d) Lime is CaO, does not give CO2 with HCl. with calcium nitrate, e.g.
Others are carbonates. Marble is CaCO3 (lime CaCO3 + 2HNO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O
stone). NaHCO3 (baking soda) will give CO2 30. A student prepared solutions of (i) an acid and
with HCl. (ii) a base in two separate beakers. She forgot to
24. Which of the following is not a mineral acid ? label the solutions and litmus paper is not available
(a) Hydrochloric acid (b) Citric acid in the laboratory. Since, both the solutions are
(c) Sulphuric acid (d) Nitric acid colourless, how will she distinguish between the
Ans. (b) Citric acid is organic acid, not a mineral acid. two? [HOTS]
25. Identify the correct representation of reaction Ans. Add phenolphthalein to a portion of each solution in
occurring during chloralkali process. separate test tube. If it turns pink, the beaker contains
(a) 2NaCl(l) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(l) + Cl2 (g) base whereas if it remains colourless, it is an acid.
+ H2 (g) If phenolphthalein is not available, pH paper can be
(b) 2NaCl (aq) + 2H2O(aq) → 2NaOH(aq) used. Acid will turn pH paper red, base will turn pH
+ Cl2 (g) + H2 (g) paper blue.
(c) 2NaCl (aq) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH (aq) 31. In one of the industrial processes used for
+ Cl2 (aq) + H2 (aq) manufacture of sodium hydroxide, a gas X is formed
(d) 2NaCl (aq) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) as by-product. The gas X reacts with lime water to
+ Cl2 (g) + H2 (g) give a compound Y which is used as a bleaching
Ans. (d) NaOH, H2 and Cl2 are formed by electrolysis of agent in chemical industry. Identify X and Y giving
brine solution. the chemical equation of the reactions involved.
26. Match the important chemicals given in  [HOTS]
Column (A) with the chemical formulae given in Ans. ‘X’ is chlorine gas.
Electricity
Column (B). 2NaCl + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2(g) + Cl2(g)
‘X’
 [CBSE 2023]
62 Together with® Science—10
Ca(OH)2 + Cl2(g) → CaOCl2 + H 2O Ans. Formula Base Acid
Lime water ‘Y’ (i) NH4Cl NH4OH HCl [CBSE 2020]
Bleaching powder
(ii) CuSO4 Cu(OH)2 H2SO4
‘X’ is Cl2 gas, ‘Y’ is CaOCl2.
(iii) NaCl NaOH HCl
32. Fill in the missing data in the following table:  [CBSE 2023, 20]
Salt obtained from Formula Base Acid
Name of the salt Formula
Base Acid (iv) Mg(NO3)2 Mg(OH)2 HNO3
(i) Ammonium NH4Cl NH4OH — (v) K2SO4 KOH H2SO4
chloride (vi) Ca(NO3)2 Ca(OH)2 HNO3
(ii) Copper — — H2SO4
sulphate
(iii) Sodium NaCl NaOH —
chloride
(iv) Magnesium Mg(NO ) — HNO3
3 2
nitrate
(v) P o t a s s i u m K2SO4 — —
sulphate
(vi) Calcium
Ca(NO3)2 Ca(OH)2 —
nitrate
33. In the following schematic diagram for the preparation of hydrogen gas as shown in the given figure, what
would happen if following changes are made?

(a) In place of zinc granules, same amount of zinc dust is taken in the test tube.
(b) Instead of dilute sulphuric acid, dilute hydrochloric acid is taken.
(c) In place of zinc, copper turnings are taken.
(d) Sodium hydroxide is taken in place of dilute sulphuric acid and the tube is heated. [HOTS]
Ans. (a) The reaction will become faster because zinc dust has more surface area.
(b) Nearly same amount of hydrogen gas will be evolved.
(c) No reaction will take place as copper is less reactive than hydrogen.
(d) The reaction will take place and hydrogen gas will be evolved.
Heat
  Zn + 2NaOH → Na2ZnO2 + H2(g) [CBSE 2023]
Zinc Sodium Sodium Hydrogen
hydroxide zincate

34. A metal carbonate X on reacting with an acid Ans. ‘X’ is calcium carbonate.
gives a gas which when passed through a solution CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(dil) → CaCl2(g) + CO2(g) + H2O (l)
Y gives the carbonate back. On the other hand, a ‘X’
gas G that is obtained at anode during electrolysis Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 (s) + H2O
of brine is passed on dry Y, it gives a compound ‘Y’ ‘X’
Z, used for disinfecting drinking water. Identify ‘Y’ is calcium hydroxide.
X, Y, G and Z. [HOTS] 2NaCl + 2H2O → 2NaOH + Cl2(g) + H2(g)
(Brine) (At anode) (At cathode)
‘G’
 Acids, Bases and Salts 63
The gas ‘G’ is chlorine gas which is obtained at anode. When it is left in open, it becomes solid mass
Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 → CaOCl2 + H2O CaSO4·2H2O (Gypsum) which cannot be used for
Dry slaked ‘G’ ‘Z’ moulding purposes as it is hard solid mass.
lime ‘Y’
36. Identify the compound X on the basis of the
‘Z’ is calcium oxychloride used for disinfecting
reactions given below. Also, write the name and
drinking water.
chemical formulae of A, B and C. [DoE]
35. A sulphate salt of Group 2 element of the Periodic + Zn
A + H2(g)
Table is a white, soft substance, which can be
moulded into different shapes by making its Compound + HCl
dough. When this compound is left in open for B + H2O
‘X’
sometime, it becomes a solid mass and cannot be + CH3COOH
C + H2O
used for moulding purposes. Identify the sulphate
Ans. ‘X’ is NaOH.
salt. Why does it show such a behaviour? Give the
2NaOH + Zn → Na2ZnO2 + H2(g)
reaction involved. ‘X’ ‘A’
1
Ans. Salt is CaSO4· H2O, Plaster of Paris, white soft Sodium hydroxide Sodium zincate
2 NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
substance. It can be dough, moulded into different ‘X’ ‘B’
shapes, as 2 moles of CaSO4 share 1 mole of H2O Sodium chloride
molecule. NaOH + CH3COOH → CH3COONa + H2O
1 3 ‘X’ ‘C’
CaSO4· H2O + H2O → CaSO4·2H2O Sodium ethanoate
2 2

Scan to get Activities (Based on NCERT)

Answers to all unsolved questions are given at the end of all the chapters.
64 Together with® Science—10

Self-Evaluation Test
1. Which acid is used in lead storage car batteries? 9. Complete the following:
(a) HCl (b) HNO3 (i) Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 →
(c) H2SO4 (d) CH3COOH D
(ii) NaHCO3 →
2. Which of the following has highest concentration 373 K
of OH – ? (iii) CaSO4.2H2O →
(a) pH = 3 (b) pH = 5 10. (a) How can be prepare dil. H2SO4 from conc.
(c) pH = 7 (d) pH = 12 H2SO4? Explain.
3. Which of the following does not react with dilute (b) What happens when conc. HNO 3 comes in
HCl and liberate H2 gas? contact with our skin? Give reason.
(a) Mg (b) Cu (c) Why should we avoid contact with conc. H2SO4?
(c) Zn (d) Fe 11. Complete the following reaction:
4. Mg liberates H2(g) with (i) Mn + HNO3(5%) →
(a) HCl (b) H2SO4(dil.) (ii) NaOH + H2CO3 →
(c) HNO3(5%) (d) All of these (iii) CaCO3 + HCl →
Direction: In the following Questions, the Assertion and (iv) Ca(OH)2 + CO2 →
Reason have been put forward. Read the statements (v) Cu + HNO3(dil.) →
carefully and choose the correct alternative from the 12. The table shows the results of different experiments
following: conducted on two acids ‘X’ of ‘Y’ of equal
(a) Both the Assertion and the Reason are correct and the concentration.
Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion. ‘X’ ‘Y’
(b) The Assertion and the Reason are correct but the
Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion. Conductivity of solution 400 7.00
(c) Assertion is true but the Reason is false.
Rise in temperature on 6.9°C 6.7°C
(d) The statement of the Assertion is false but the Reason
reaction with NaOH
is true.
5. Assertion: Gold and platinum are soluble in aqua Reaction with Mg Hydrogen H2 gas
regia. gas produced
Reason: Aqua regia containing conc. HCl and conc. produced slowly
HNO3 in ratio of 3 : 1. rapidly
6. Assertion: Sodium acetate is basic salt. (a) Identify strength of ‘X’ and ‘Y’.
Reason: It is because it is salt of weak acid (b) Why is conductivity of ‘X’ higher than ‘Y’?
(CH3COOH) and strong base (NaOH) (c) Name the reaction between ‘X’ and ‘Y’ with
7. Write product of electrolysis of brine solution. Write NaOH. Is it exothermic or endothermic?
products at cathode and anode. Or
8. How do we prepare plaster of paris from Gypsum? (c) What will be nature of salt formed between
Give one of its use. (i) ‘X’ and NaOH
(ii) ‘Y’ and NaOH
Give reason.

Scan to get Answers

 3
Metals and Non-metals 65

Metals and Non-metals

CHAPTER

MIND MAP

Elements

Metal Non-metal

Physical Properties Chemical Properties

1. They are strong, hard to cut except Na, K. 1. They react with oxygen to form metal oxides.
2. They are malleable, beaten into sheets. Metals + Oxygen → Metal oxide
3. They are ductile, can be drawn into wires. 4Na + O2 → 2Na2O(s) 4K + O2 → 2K2O(s)
heat heat
4. They are sonorous, produce sound when 2Cu + O2 → 2CuO(s) 4Al + 3O2 → 2Al2O3(s)
strike them. 2. Metallic oxides are mostly basic.
5. They are lustrous (shiny). 3. Metals can lose electrons to form positive ions.
6. They are good conductors of heat and 4. Transition metals show variable valency, e.g. Cu+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+
electricity. 5. Some metals react with cold water, some with hot, some with steam to form oxides or
7. They have high melting and boiling point hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
except Na, K. Metal + Water → Metal oxide/metal hydroxide + Hydrogen
8. They are all solids except mercury. 2Na + 2H2O(cold) → 2NaOH + H2 2K + 2H2O(cold) → 2KOH + H2
9. They have high density except Na, K, Li, etc. Mg + 2H2O(hot) → Mg(OH)2 + H2 2Al + 3H2O(steam) → Al2O3 + 3H2
10. They have mostly 1,2 or 3 valence elec-
6. Metals react with dilute acids to form salt and hydrogen gas except with dil HNO3 which
trons.
is oxidising agent.
Metal + dilute acid → Salt + Hydrogen
Zn + 2HCl(dil.) → ZnCl2 + H2 Mg + H2SO4(dil.) → MgSO4 + H2
Mg + 2HNO3(v.v.dil.) → Mg(NO3)2 + H2 Mn + 2HNO3(5 %) → Mn(NO3)2 + H2
7. Metals are good reducing agents.
8. More reactive metals can displace less reactive metals from its salt solution.

Non-metal Chemical Properties

1. They react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides.
Non-metals + Oxygen → Non-metal oxide (acidic oxide neutral oxide)
Physical Properties C + O2 → CO2 (Acidic oxide)
1. They are brittle. 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O (Neutral oxide)
2. They exist as solid, liquid and gas. 2. They gain electrons to form negative ions.
3. They are non-lustrous except diamond and 3. They are good oxidising agents.
iodine. 4. Their oxides dissolve in water forming acids.
4. They are not conductors of heat and electricity Non-metalic oxide + Water → Acids
except graphite. CO2 + H2O → H2CO3 (Carbonic acid)
5. Low melting and boiling point except diamond SO2 + H2O → H2SO3 (Sulphurous acid)
and graphite. 5. They do not react with dilute acids because they cannot lose electrons.
6. Low density. 6. More reactive non-metals can displace less reactive non-metals from their salt
7. They have mostly 5, 6, 7 valence electrons solution.
 [CBSE 2023]
66 Together with® Science—10

Activity series of Metals Relative Reactivities of Metals

1. More reactive metals can lose electrons most easily. K Potassium → Most reactive
Na Sodium
2. More reactive metals form stable compound.
Ca Calcium
3. More reactive metals are difficult to extract from its ore and exist Mg Magnesium
as compounds. Al Aluminium Reactivity decreases
4. Least reactive metals are found in nature in free state, e.g. copper, Zn Zinc
silver, gold. Fe Iron
Pb Lead
H Hydrogen
Cu Copper
Hg Mercury
Ag Silver
Au Gold → Least reactive

Ionic compounds

Properties Formation
1. Some metal salts impart characteristic colour to flame. NaCl im- Ionic compounds are formed by metals and non-metals
parts golden yellow, KCl imparts violet, CaCl2 bricked, BaCl2 apple • Na → Na+ + e – • Ca → Ca2+ + 2e–
green. (2,8,1) (2,8) [CBSE 2023]
(2,8,8,2) (2,8,8)
–
2. Mostly ionic compounds are solids and have high melting points. Cl + e – → Cl –
O + 2e → O2–
(2,8,7) (2,8,8) 2,6 2,8
3. Most ionic compounds are soluble in water.
+ – 2+ 2–
4. Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in solid state but → O → (Ca )( O )
Na• Cl → Na ( Cl ) Ca →
conduct electricity in molten state or in aqueous solution.
 [CBSE 2023]  [CBSE 2020]

Extraction and Purification of metals

Ore

Concentration of Ore

Metals of high reactivity Metals of medium reactivity Metals of low reactivity

Electrolytic reduction Sulphide ores

Carbonate ore Sulphide ore

Pure metal Roasting

Calcination Roasting

Metals

Metal oxide
Pure metal

Metals

Pure metal
 Metals and Non-metals 67
Concentration of ore
(Enrichment of ores)

1. Hydraulic washing: Wash with stream of water under pressure.

2. Magnetic separation: Magnetic ores are separated from non-magnetic impurities as shown in Fig. 2.
3. Froth-Floatation process: Sulphide ores are concentrated as shown in Fig. 1.
4. Leaching (Chemical separation)
Ore is treated with suitable reagent which reacts with ore but not with impurities. Metal compound is changed into purified ore, e.g.
Al2O3 + 2NaOH → 2NaAlO2 + H2O
NaAlO2 + 2H2O → Al(OH)3 + NaOH
heat
2Al(OH)3 → Al2O3 + 3H2O

   
Fig. 1: Froth-Floatation process Fig. 2: Magnetic separation

Conversion of concentrated ore into metal oxide

Calcination Roasting
The carbonate ores are converted into oxides by heating The sulphide ores are convverted into oxides by heating
strongly in limited supply of air or in the absence of air. strongly in presence of air.
D D
CaCO3 → CaO + CO2 2ZnS + 3O2 → 2ZnO + 2SO2
D D
ZnCO3 → ZnO + CO2 2Cu2S + 3O2 → 2Cu2O + SO2 [CBSE 2023]

Refining of Metals

The process of converting impure metal into pure metal is called refining of metals. Many metals
such as copper, zinc, tin, nickel, silver, gold are refined by electrolytic refining. Impure metal acts
as anode, pure metal as cathode and soluble salt of metal as electrolyte. When current is passed
impure metal changes into metal ions which gain electrons at cathode and change into pure
metal. Impurities are left as anode mud. [CBSE 2023]

Electrolytic refining

Corrosion: The process in which metals react with substances present in atmosphere to form surface compounds.
Silver turns black due Copper turns green due to Iron when exposed to moist air
to formation of Ag2S by formation of basic copper for a long time acquires a brown
exposure to H2S gas. carbonate. CuCO3 . Cu(OH)2 flaky substance is called rust.
[CBSE 2023] Rust, chemically is hydrated
ferric oxide Fe2O3 . xH2O
Air and moisture are essential
condition for rusting to take place.

Air and water both are required for rusting of iron

Prevention of corrosion: Painting, oiling, greasing, galvanisation, chrome plating, anodising and making alloys are methods to prevent rusting.
68 Together with® Science—10

Alloys: Homogeneous mixture of two or more metals which have better properties than metals one of them can be non-metal also steel is alloys.
Iron and carbon, does not get rusted.
How are alloys made?
Alloys are made by melting a primary metal and dissolving the other elements in definite proportions then cooled.

Composition, properties and uses of some alloys

Alloy Constituents Properties Uses
1. Brass Copper, zinc Ductile, malleable, corrosion For making utensils, nails, screws, electric goods,
resistant cartridge containers, parts of watches and musical
instruments, etc.
2. Bronze Copper, tin [CBSE 2023] Hard, corrosion resistant Statues, bearings
3. Duralumin Aluminium, copper, Light and strong, ductile and For making bodies of aeroplanes, vehicles, pressure
(or duralium) magnesium, manga- corrosion resistant cookers, etc.
nese
4. German silver Copper, zinc, nickel High electrical resistance Utensils, electric heaters, resistors.
5. Magnalium Aluminium, magnesium Light and strong Balances and other light instruments, bodies of aero-
planes and vehicles.
6. Stainless Iron, chromium, nickel Hard and rust proof For making utensils, cutlery, surgical instruments, etc.
steel
7. Steel Iron, carbon Strong For making nails, tanks, bodies of ships and other
vehicles, bridges, railway lines, etc.
8. Solder Lead, tin Low melting point Joining metals

TOPICS COVERED
Physical and Chemical Properties of Metals and Non-metals, Formation
and Properties of Ionic Compounds

Multiple Choice
Questions 1 Mark
1. Metal oxides react generally with acids but few oxides of metal also react with bases. Such metallic oxides are
I. MgO II. ZnO III. Al2O3 IV. CaO [CBSE 2023]
(a) I and II (b) II and III (c) III and IV (d) I and IV
2. The number of valence electrons in outermost shell of the atom of a non-metal [CBSE 2023]
(a) 1, 2 or 3 (b) 3, 4 or 5 (c) 5, 6 or 7 (d) 5, 6 or 8
3. The image shows an incomplete chemical equation of the reaction between iron and oxygen.
4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) →
Which option shows the products formed during the reaction? [CBSE T.E.R.M.*]
(a) 4FeO(s) (b) 12FeO(s) (c) 3Fe4O2(s) (d) 2Fe2O3(s)
4. Which option classifies the substance based on their physical properties? [CBSE T.E.R.M.*]
Good conductor of Bad conductor of
Lustrous Malleable
electricity electricity
(a) Graphite and silver Copper Iron Rubber
(b) Copper Rubber Iron Graphite and silver
(c) Copper Graphite and silver Iron Rubber
(d) Copper Graphite and silver Rubber Iron
*Teacher Energised Resource Manuals
 Metals and Non-metals 69
5. A student writes two incomplete chemical reactions. He notices that LED does not glow. He replaces
X-P4(s) + 5O2 → distilled water by salt solution and observes that
Y-2Mg(s) + O2(g) → LED glows. [CBSE T.E.R.M.*]
Which option completes the reaction to form a
balanced chemical equation? [CBSE T.E.R.M.*] Bulb
(a) X-P5O4(s), Y-MgO(s)
(b) X-4PO10(s), Y-4MgO(s)
(c) X-P4O10(s), Y-2MgO(s)
(d) X-5P4O2(s), Y-Mg2O2(s)
6. A student studying the chemical properties of Distilled
water
metals finds an incomplete chemical reaction as
shown below. [CBSE T.E.R.M.*] How does the salt solution help the LED to glow?
MgO + HNO3 → (a) Salt solution is covalent in nature and conducts
Which option completes the reaction? electricity.
(a) MgO + HNO3 → Mg3N2 + 4H2O (b) Salt solution has low melting point which allows
(b) MgO + HNO3 → Mg(OH)2 + 2NO2 current to flow through it.
(c) MgO + HNO3 → Mg + NO2 + O2 (c) Salt solution has high boiling point which allows
(d) MgO + 2HNO3 → Mg(NO3)2 + H2O the flow of current in the circuit without getting
7. The chemical reaction between a piece of copper hot.
and nitric acid is given by the chemical equations, (d) Salt solution contains ions which make it
Cu + 2HNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2[H] conductive and allows electricity to flow through it.
conc. Questions 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 are based on the information
[H] + HNO3 → H2O + NO2 given below:
What can be inferred from the chemical equation? Krunal connected a copper plate and an iron plate
 [CBSE T.E.R.M.*] to the positive and negative terminals of a battery
(a) Copper causes the oxidation of HNO3 to form NO2 respectively along with a switch. He immersed the
(b) Hydrogen gets oxidised by HNO3 to form water. plates into a beaker containing acidified copper
(c) Hydrogen gas reacts with oxygen in air to form sulphate solution. [CFPQ, CBSE]
water.
(d) Nitrate reacts with hydrogen to form NO2 and H2O.
8. A student adds an equal amount of CuSO4 in two
beakers. He adds zinc in the beaker P and silver in
beaker Q. The student observes that the colour of
the solution in beaker P changes while no change
is observed in beaker Q. Which option arranges
metals in correct increasing order of reactivity?
 [CBSE T.E.R.M.*]
(a) Ag < Zn < Cu (b) Zn < Cu < Ag
(c) Ag < Cu < Zn (d) Cu < Ag < Zn 11. After a few minutes, even before he turned the
switch on he noticed that copper was deposited on
9. A student learns that Na and Mg react with Cl2 to the iron plate. This could have been due to_____.
form NaCl and MgCl2. (a) electrolysis
2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl;   Mg + Cl2 → MgCl2 (b) electroplating
The melting point of NaCl is 1074 K while melting (c) a combination reaction
point of MgCl2 is 981 K. Why does NaCl and MgCl2 (d) a displacement reaction
have different melting points? [CBSE T.E.R.M.*]
(a) MgCl2 is soluble in kerosene and petrol. 12. Which of the following is likely to happen when
(b) Sodium chloride is formed by combining Na and the current is started?
1 molecule of Cl2 (a) Iron will be deposited on the copper plate.
(c) NaCl has strong inter-ionic bonding than MgCl2. (b) Copper will continue to be deposited on the iron
(d) MgCl2 is formed by combining one molecule of Mg. plate.
(c) No reaction will occur at the iron plate or at the
10. A student makes an electric circuit using an LED, a copper plate.
battery and connecting wires as shown in diagram. (d) The copper already deposited on the iron plate
*Teacher Energised Resource Manuals will go back into the solution.
70 Together with® Science—10
13. Krunal now replaces the iron plate with a silver (c) 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → NaOH(aq) + 2H2(g)
plate. He sees that there is no deposition of copper (d) 2Na(s) + H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + 2H2(g)
on the silver plate before starting the current. 20. Which one of the following structures correctly
Which of the following could be the reason? depicts the compound CaCl2? [CBSE 2021]
(a) Silver is more reactive than iron. 2+ 2+
(b) Silver is less reactive than copper. (a) Ca2+ Cl (b) Ca Cl
2
(c) Silver is a poorer conductor of electricity than iron. – + –
(d) Silver is a better conductor of electricity than (c) Ca2+ Cl (d) Ca Cl
2 2
copper. 21. The pair(s) which will show displacement reaction
14. What is likely to happen to the concentration of is/are [CBSE 2021]
copper sulphate in the solution on passing electric (i) NaCl solution and copper metal
current through the solution in the set-up with the (ii) AgNO3 solution and copper metal
silver plate? (iii) Al2(SO4)3 solution and magnesium metal
(a) It will increase. (iv) ZnSO4 solution and iron metal
(b) It will decrease. (a) (ii) only (b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) It will remain the same. (c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (i) and (ii)
(d) Cannot say without knowing the amount of current 22. The metal with lowest density among these
passed. (a) Hg (b) Ga (c) Cs (d) Fr
15. Which of the following will happen to the weights 23. Aqua regia is called as royal water because it
of the silver and copper plates after passing the dissolves gold its composition is 1:3 concentrated.
current for some time? (a) H2SO4 : HNO3
(a) The weight of the silver plate will increase and (b) HNO3 : H2SO4
that of the copper plate will decrease. (c) HNO3 : HCl
(b) The weight of the copper plate will increase and (d) HCl : HNO3 [KVS]
that of the silver plate will decrease. 24. Which of the following is purest form of carbon?
(c) Both the plates will decrease in weight. (a) Diamond (b) Graphite
(d) Both the plates will increase in weight. (c) Fullerene (d) Charcoal
16. Which of the following non-metal is lustrous? 25. An element ‘X’ is yellow coloured solid, insoluble
 [DoE Pre-Board 2023] in water but soluble in carbon disulphide. It has
(a) Oxygen (b) Chlorine low melting point 114.5°C. It boils at 445°C and
(c) Hydrogen (d) Iodine it burns with pale blue flame forming pungent
17. Generally when metals react with nitric acid the smelling gas ‘Y’ which turns moist blue litmus red
gas is produced is [DoE Pre-Board 2023] and finally colourless. ‘X’ and ‘Y’ are
(a) CO2 (b) SO2 (c) NO2 (d) CO (a) C, CO2 (b) N, NO2
18. A student performs some activities on two substances (c) S, SO2 (d) I2, I2O5
and records the observations in a table shown 26. Which of the following metals liberate hydrogen
below. gas with 5% HNO3?
Activity M N (i) Cu (ii) Zn
Cut with Knife Forms small Forms small (iii) Mn (iv) Mg
pieces pieces (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii)
Beaten with Shape changes Changes into (c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (i) and (iv)
hammer powder 27. An element ‘X’ reacts with O2 to give a compound
Which option classify substances into metal and with a high melting point. This compound is also
non-metals? soluble in water. The element ‘X’ is likely to be:
(a) Both are metals (a) iron (b) calcium
(b) Both are non-metals (c) carbon (d) silicon [CBSE 2020]
(c) M is metal, N is non-metal 28. Reaction between X and Y, forms compound Z. X
(d) M is non-metal, N is metal loses electron and Y gains electron. Which of the
19. Sodium reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide following properties is not shown by Z ?
and hydrogen gas. The balanced equation which (a) Has high melting point
represents the above reaction is, [CBSE 2021] (b) Insoluble in water
(a) Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + 2H2(g) (c) Conducts electricity in molten state
(b) 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g) (d) Occurs as solid