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Experiment 6

Power transmission and distribution

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Jawad Ul Hassan Shah
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41 views11 pages

Experiment 6

Power transmission and distribution

Uploaded by

Jawad Ul Hassan Shah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pak-Austria Fachhochschule Institute of

Applied Sciences and Technology


DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

EXPERIMENT NO

Lab Title: Efficiency and voltage regulation of short transmission lines.


Student Name: Reg. No:

Objective:

LAB ASSESSMENT:

Excellent Good Average Satisfactory Unsatisfactory


Attributes
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
Ability to Conduct
Experiment
Ability to assimilate the
Results
Effective use of lab
equipment and follows
the lab safety rules

Total Marks: Obtained Marks:

LAB REPORT ASSESSMENT:

Excellent Good Average Satisfactory Unsatisfactory


Attributes
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)

Data presentation

Experimental results

Conclusion

Total Marks: Obtained Marks:

Date: Signature:
EXPERIMENT NO
EFFICIENCY AND VOLTAGE REGULATION OF SHORT TRANSMISSION
LINES

Objective:
To understand line constants.
To study importance of efficiency and regulation.
To study voltage drops and power losses in transmission lines
To analyze transmission line parameters.

Tools:
Simulink

Introduction:
Transmission lines play a vital role in a power system as transmission lines have
to bear high voltages and power levels and they have to carry voltage, current
and power to the ultimate consumer or to substations. A transmission system
must be capable of supplying power required by the substations and the power
system in general. It must not fail the requirements of regulating the voltage
between sending and receiving end. It should have a high efficiency so that the
power levels don't dip during transmission, otherwise loss of power causes
undesirable consequences to the ultimate user. For regulation of voltages and to
require high efficiency it I important to have an insight into the operation and
types of transmission lines as they are the most important element in a
transmission system. To accomplish this feat, we need to calculate certain design
parameters before implementation of a transmission system for a particular area.
These parameters also include testing of the line to see whether it fulfills desired
standards like required efficiency and voltage regulation. A transmission line is
modelled based on its Resistance (R), Inductive reactance of series branch (XL),
Capacitance of shunt branch (C) and Conductance in parallel (G). 'Z' is total series
impedance of the line and is equal to R+jXL. According to the distance to which
transmission lines serve their purpose, they can be classified into three types:

(i) Short Transmission Lines


(ii) Medium Transmission Lines
(iii)Long Transmission Line

A short transmission line is defined as a transmission line with an effective length


less than 80 km (50 miles), or with a voltage less than 69 kV. Unlike medium
transmission lines and long transmission lines, the line charging current is
negligible, and hence the shunt capacitance can be ignored. We prefer per phase
analysis of the power system because all values are in phase in this system and
two conductors are used. So single phase analysis is preferred. After analysis, we
assume that a three-phase model carries three times more power as a
single-phase system. For short transmission line, we ignore shunt capacitance
while doing its analysis. Resistance and reactance of the line are assumed to be
concentrated at only one point. The main problem is to find the voltages to be
sent from supply (or sending) side (i.e., ES) to get desired value of voltages (ER) at
receiving end. For doing this, first of all we have to decide the nature of load first
because regulation, efficiency and power factor of the transmission line can be
changed before it is installed in a power system. Secondly, circuit diagram of the
transmission line model is converted into vector form in which vector of voltage
drop across the resistance should be in phase with the current passing through
the line whereas vector of voltage drop across series reactance should be in
quadrature with current.

Figure ( I) represents a 3-phase short transmission line if R and X represent the


resistance and inductive reactance to neutral, I is the current in one
conductor,
VR is the receiving-end voltage to neutral, VS is the sending-end voltage to neutral,
and the load is that in one phase; the voltage drop found in this way is the drop
between a phase and neutral. Taking receiving end current as reference, the
phasor representation of system parameters is as follows

Based on phasor diagram given and theory knowledge, derive the equations of
performance parameters of transmission line e.g., sending end voltage, sending
end phase angle, sending end power factor, percentage voltage regulation, and
transmission line efficiency etc.
Pre-Lab:
Simulink major blocks to be used are shown in block diagram description below

Some additional blocks would be needed such as sum, subtract, RMS, demux,
product, divide, display etc.

Lab task 1:
Create a Simulink model based on stated problem for measuring following
parameters of a short transmission line.

1. Sending and receiving end voltages and currents.


2. Sending and receiving end powers (Active, Reactive and Apparent powers).
3. Voltage regulation of transmission line.
4. Efficiency of transmission line.

Use displays to display each measurement in your model.

Problem statement:
A 220KV, 60Hz, three phase transmission line is 40Km long. The resistance
per phase is 0.15 Ohm per Km and inductance per phase is 1.3263mH per Km.
The shunt Capacitance is negligible. Use the short line model to find the
above
stated parameters when the line is supplying a 3-phase load of 381MVA at 0.8
PF lagging at 220KV.

Calculations:
VR% = ( VS-VR / VR ) x 100

Attach Your Simulink Model Displaying Measurements


Compare your calculated values with measured values achieved from Simulation
and state the discrepancy if any.

Measured and Calculated Values:


Parameter Calculated Measured Difference
Value Value /Error
Sending end voltage
Vs RMS
Receiving end voltage
Vr RMS
Ps
Pr
Qs
Qr
Ss
Sr
VR%
Line efficiency

Lab Task 2:
Repeat Task 1 for leading power factor. All values remain same.

Lab Task 3:
EXAMPLE 10.2 from V.K.Mehta book.

(Note: Attach both calculated and simulation results similar as task 1.)
Review Question
If same analysis is to be done for single phase line, what are
your observations in comparison to a similar three phase
line.

Conclusion:

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