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14 views

Assignment

Uploaded by

mohamed.3ab7y22
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Thermodynamics

nd
2 Year Engineering Students
2024/2025

Assignment #2

1) Determine the gravitational potential energy, in kJ, of 2 m3 of liquid water at an elevation of


30 m above the surface of Earth. The acceleration of gravity is constant at 9.7 m/s2 and the
density of the water is uniform at 1000 kg/m3. Determine the change in gravitational potential
energy as the elevation decreases by 15 m.
2) An automobile having a mass of 900 kg initially moves along a level highway at 100 km/h
relative to the highway. It then climbs a hill whose crest is 50 m above the level highway and
parks at a rest area located there. For the automobile, determine its changes in kinetic and
potential energy, each in kJ. For each quantity, kinetic energy and potential energy, specify
your choice of datum and reference value at that datum. Let g = 9.81 m/s2.
3) A gas in a piston–cylinder assembly undergoes a process for which the relationship between
pressure and volume is pV2 = constant. The initial pressure is 1 bar, the initial volume is 0.1
m3, and the final pressure is 9 bar. Determine (a) the final volume, in m3, and (b) the work for
the process, in kJ.
4) Each line of the following table gives data for a process of a closed system. Each entry has the
same energy units. Determine the missing entries.

5) As shown in the figure below, a gas contained within a piston–cylinder assembly, initially at
a volume of 0.1 m3, undergoes a constant pressure expansion at 2 bar to a final volume of 0.12
m3, while being slowly heated through the base. The change in internal energy of the gas is
0.25 kJ. The piston and cylinder walls are fabricated from heat resistant material, and the piston
moves smoothly in the cylinder. The local atmospheric pressure is 1 bar.

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Thermodynamics
nd
2 Year Engineering Students
2024/2025

a. For the gas as the system, evaluate work


and heat transfer, each in kJ.
b. For the piston as the system, evaluate
work and change in potential energy, each
in kJ.

6) An electric motor draws a current


of 10 amp with a voltage of 110
V, as shown in the figure. The
output shaft develops a torque of
9.7 N.m and a rotational speed of
1000 RPM. For operation at steady state, determine for the motor
a. the electric power required, in kW.
b. the power developed by the output shaft, in kW.
c. the cost of 24 hours of operation if electricity is valued at $0.09 per kWh

7) Four kilograms of carbon monoxide (CO) is contained in a rigid tank with a volume of 1 m3.
The tank is fitted with a paddle wheel that transfers energy to the CO at a constant rate of 14
W for 1 h. During the process, the specific internal energy of the carbon monoxide increases
by 10 kJ/kg. If no overall changes in kinetic and potential energy occur, determine
a. the specific volume at the final state, in m3/kg.
b. the energy transfer by work, in kJ.
c. the energy transfer by heat transfer, in kJ.
8) The following table gives data, in kJ, for a
system undergoing a power cycle consisting
of four processes in series. Determine, the
(a) missing table entries, each in kJ.

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Thermodynamics
nd
2 Year Engineering Students
2024/2025

9) The absolute pressure in water at a depth of 9 m is read to be 185 kPa. Determine (a) the local
atmospheric pressure, and (b) the absolute pressure at a depth of 5 m in a liquid whose specific
gravity is 0.85 at the same location.
10) The vacuum pressure of a condenser is given to be 80 kPa. If the atmospheric pressure is 98
kPa, what is the gage pressure and absolute pressure in kPa, kN/m2, psi, and mmHg.
11) A gas is contained in a vertical, frictionless piston–
cylinder device. The piston has a mass of 3.2 kg and a
crosssectional area of 35 cm2. A compressed spring above
the piston exerts a force of 150 N on the piston. If the
atmospheric pressure is 95 kPa, determine the pressure
inside the cylinder.
12) A vertical, frictionless piston–cylinder device contains a gas at 180 kPa absolute pressure. The
atmospheric pressure outside is 100 kPa, and the piston area is 25 cm2. Determine the mass of
the piston.
13) A pressure cooker cooks a lot faster than an
ordinary pan by maintaining a higher pressure
and temperature inside. The lid of a pressure
cooker is well sealed, and steam can escape
only through an opening in the middle of the
lid. A separate metal piece, the petcock, sits
on top of this opening and prevents steam
from escaping until the pressure force
overcomes the weight of the petcock. The periodic escape of the steam in this manner prevents
any potentially dangerous pressure buildup and keeps the pressure inside at a constant value.
Determine the mass of the petcock of a pressure cooker whose operation pressure is 100 kPa
gage and has an opening cross-sectional area of 4 mm2. Assume an atmospheric pressure of
101 kPa, and draw the free-body diagram of the petcock.

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