Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocol RIPv2,

OSPF, EIGRP With BGP

Siti Ummi Masruroh, Andrew Fiade
Department of Informatics, FST Department of Informatics, FST
UIN Syarif Hidayatullah UIN Syarif Hidayatullah
Jakarta, Indonesia Jakarta, Indonesia
[email protected] [email protected]

Muhammad Fathul Iman Amelia

Department of Informatics, FST Department of Informatics, FST
UIN Syarif Hidayatullah UIN Syarif Hidayatullah
Jakarta, Indonesia Jakarta, Indonesia
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract— In modern large-scale networks that there Gateway Protocol (EGP). This protocol recognize the other
are many autonomous systems, dynamic routing protocol AS as neighbor AS and the only the minimum exchange
used more often than static routing protocol. The most effective information needed to track information capacity [2].
and efficient routing protocol is needed to support modern There are some dynamic routing protocol that can be used
network on a large scale. This research was conducted to
in a network, such as the Open Short Path First (OSPF),
compare the performance of a combination of internal with
external routing protocol by using GNS3. The parameters used in Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Intermediate System to
this study is throughput, jitter, packet loss, and network Intermediate System (IS-IS) and Enhanced Interior Gateway
convergence. To get the good value of QoS (Quality of Service), Routing Protocol (EIGRP). Each routing protocol has its own
the value of throughput, jitter and packet loss should be kept advantages and disadvantages of each. Determination and
to a minimum. The researche that have been done among other selection of routing protocols depends on several parameters
entitled Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocol RIPng, that affect the quality of a network [3].
OSPFv3, and EIGRP IPv6 Networking discuss the comparison As the number of routers becomes large, the overhead
between internal routing protocol with the parameters of involved in computing, storing, and communicating routing
throughput, jitter, and packet loss. The results of this research
information becomes prohibitive. Ideally, an organization
indicate that the OSPF routing protocol has the smallest value of
network convergence. Then a combination of routing protocol should be able to run and administer its network as it wishes,
OSPF-BGP has the highest throughput, lowest packet loss, and while still being able to connect its network to other
smallest jitter value outside networks. Both of these problems can be solved by
organizing routers into autonomous systems (ASs), with
each AS consisting of a group of routers that are typically
Keywords— Routing Protocol, Routing Redistribution, RIPv2, under the same administrative control (e.g., operated by the
OSPF, EIGRP, BGP same ISP or belonging to the same company network).
I. INTRODUCTION Routers within the same AS all run the same routing
algorithm and have information about each other—exactly as
As the increasingly rapid development of technology, the was the case in our idealized model in the preceding section
growth of a communications network is also getting bigger. In [4].
modern communication networks, such as the Internet
network, dynamic routing protocol used more often than static II. RELATED WORKS
routing protocol. With the development of the network, we
need a dynamic routing design that can accommodate these In a previous study, entitled "Performance Evaluation of
changes without the intervention of the network administrator Routing Protocol RIPng, OSPFv3, and EIGRP In IPv6
when a developing or changing network [1]. Network" conducted a simulation using RIPng and OSPFv3
Some routing protocol used to set the system contained in routing protocols and EIGRP. RIPng uses distance vector
AS (Autonomous System) called Interior Gateway algorithms to determine the best path to a network. While
Protocol. This protocol implement that interact with their OSPFv3 uses link state algorithm to determine the best path to
system freely and mutually exchange the routing a network. While EIGRP uses an algorithm distance vector
information within an AS. As for the routing protocol that is and link state. RIPng suitable for use in medium-scale
used to connect the AS in large networks called Exterior network down to the number of hosts that are not too large.

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OSPFv3 suitable for use on a network medium scale up to a
large number of hosts. EIGRP is also suitable for use in large-
scale networks, but can only be applied EIGRP router cisco.
In these research made experiment routing protocol
RIPng, OSPFv3, and EIGRP using cisco router unit 7. Each
scenario will be configured with each routing protocol and
simulated the process of sending data using software Iperf.
The simulation will be obtained from the throughput, jitter,
and packet loss of each routing protocol.

III. SIMULATION METHOD

Figure 1. Topology Draft Area
3.1 PROBLEM FORMULATION
Increasingly complex network conditions cause a network
administrator needs to do a network design with good 3.3 INPUT / OUTPUT DATA
performance. Application of proper routing protocol on a 3.3.1 Input
network can help improve it. Convergence, throughput, jitter, There are three essential attributes required are :
and packet loss are some of the many variables that determine 3.3.1.1 Node
good or poor performance of a network. The implementation Node is a network junction or
of routing protocol also influence the performance of a connection point. Each terminal,
network. The combination of the appropriate routing computers, routers and other number is
protocol is expected to provide optimal performance on a adjusted to the number of routers used.
network. Topic of this study is to analyze the performance of The simulation used 7 routers and 2 PC
network based on convergence, throughput, jitter and packet are connected to the router 9, and 7.
loss parameters on application of the combination of Internal 3.3.1.2 Bandwidth
Gateway Protocol (RIPv2, OSPF, EIGRP) with the External Bandwidth is a measure that indicates
Gateway Protocol (BGP). how much data can be passed on
through a network connection. The
3.2 CONCEPTUAL MODEL amount of bandwidth used on this
Simulations will be performed at this stage following the steps simulation of 1Mbits /s.
in the configuration as in the real implementation. 3.3.1.3 Window size
Combinations used in this simulation is to combine Windows size is the value or the
internal routing protocols (RIPv2, OSPF, EIGRP) with maximum size of data that can be
external routing protocol (BGP). Each IGP will compare its sent without packet acknowledgment
performance with BGP. The design of the network model (confirmation). The smaller the value of
uses nine router unit and two units of PC. The design window size then it will slow down
topologies that do will divide the three areas of different the transfer, because the number of
routing protocols, namely, Area 0, Area 1 and Area External. packets of data that needs
Topology will be designed using GNS3 which also acts as a acknowledgment, size 2,4,6,8, and 32
tool for simulation. The objects which is used in the design is : Kbytes.
1. 9 Units Cisco Router 3725 Series with 4 serial port.
2. 2 Units PC which is connected with 2 router. 3.3.2 Output
3. 12 Connections Serial DTE/DCE to connect Variables used to get the output in this
router. simulation is based on the main problems in the
4. 2 Connections Copper Straight- Through to analysis of aggregate performance of internal
connect routers with PC. routing protocols (RIPv2, OSPF, EIGRP) with
external routing protocol (BGP) on IPv4
networks are :
3.3.2.1 Konvergensi
Output value of convergence carries all
the routing table to the state of
consistency to share information
through the network and calculate the
best path to all routers. Convergence
relates to the length of time required to
prepare and inform all the routing table
that is connected to the network.
3.3.2.2 Throughput

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 Output throughput tested is the times. In the TCP packet, the window size used is 2, 4, 8, 16,
maximum amount of traffic that can and 32 Kbytes. While the time spent UDP packet is 20, 30,
be sent in seconds. The amount of 40, 50, and 60 seconds. Value is out at the end of the
traffic that is sent shows how much data experiment is the throughput on the TCP packets, jitter and
can be sent to any combination of packet loss in UDP packets. Meanwhile, to measure the value
routing protocol used. of convergence, disconnect between R2 to R3 which will be
3.3.2.3 Jitter followed by capturing packet.
This output indicates the time it takes a
packet of data sent from the sending IV. RESULT
node to the destination node. 4.1 Scenario 1 : RIPv2-BGP
3.3.2.4 Packet loss
This output is to measure the percentage
of the amount of data sent and received
data.

3.4 MODELLING
Modeling scenarios for the simulation of internal
routing protocols combined with external routing protocol.
Simulation will be conducted with six scenarios. The scenario
consists of two combined routing protocol, are RIPv2, OSPF,
EIGRP, RIPv2- BGP, OSPF-BGP and EIGRP-BGP. Each
scenario will be simulated using the Graphical Network
Simulator app-3 (GNS3). Parameters measured at each Figure 2. RIPv2-BGP Throughput Graph
simulation is convergence, throughput, jitter, and packet
loss. From the chart above shows the change in the value of
throughput on each trial. The smallest throughput values
3.5 SIMULATION shown in the first experiment using size 2 Kbyte windows.
The simulation uses the network simulation application Throughput value then increased in the second
Graphical Network Simulator 3 (GNS3) version 1.5.2, and experiment using 4 Kbyte window size. In the next
VMware Workstation version 12.1.0 running on the experiment throughput values showed no significant
operating system used is Windows 10. Cisco 3725 series is changes, increased only in small quantities only. This
used as router with IOS operating system that runs on show has a maximum speed of the network and can not be
GNS3, and the operating system Ubuntu Server 14.04 Trusty increased more rapidly despite the enlarged size windows.
Tahr running inside VMware as a PC. To determine the
performance of the network, the author uses Iperf3 version
3.0.7 application that runs on the PC.

3.6 VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION

This stage is the stage to perform verification and
validation of the previous stages. At this stage performed
experiments on each scenario to determine whether the
simulated network has been designed in the previous stages
have been run in accordance with the provisions of the Model
Conceptual phase, Input Output Data and Modelling. If an
error occurs in the experiments conducted at this stage, there
will be a correction or improvement at each stage of the
simulation method. If no error occurs, then it will proceed
to the next stage. Figure 3. RIPv2-BGP Jitter Graph

3.7 EXPERIMENTATION From the chart above shows the change in the average value
The experiment conducted at each of the scenarios that have of jitter on each trial. The jitter value is shown in a second
been designed previously. There are 6 scenarios to be trial with a time of trial for 30 seconds while the smallest
simulated with routing protocols and routing protocols jitter value shown in the last experiment with the time trial
combined external. Experiments conducted by sending a TCP for 60 seconds. The results of the above experiments also
packet on each scenario as much as 5 times the size of showed that time had no effect on the value of a network jitter,
different windows, and UDP packets 5 times with both among internal routing protocol to internally or from
different time. So the total experiment is performed 10 internal to external.

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 Figure 6. OSPF-BGP Throughput Graph

From the chart above shows the change in the value of

throughput on each trial. The smallest throughput values
shown in the first experiment using size 2 Kbyte windows.
Throughput value then increased in the second experiment
using 4 Kbyte window size. In the next experiment
throughput values showed no significant changes, increase
only in small quantities only. This show has a maximum speed
of the network and can not be increased more rapidly despite
the enlarged size windows.

Figure 4. RIPv2-BGP Packet loss Graph

The above graph shows changes in the value of packet loss

on each trial. Almost the entire trial packet loss produces a
value of 0%, only one trial that gets the value of 0.02% is
the last trial with a time trial for 60 seconds. The results of
the above experiments also show that the time may affect the
value of a network packet loss.

Figure 7. OSPF-BGP Jitter Graph

From the chart above shows the change in the average value
of jitter on each trial. The jitter value is shown in a second
trial with a time of trial for 30 seconds while the smallest jitter
value shown in the third trial with a time of trial for 40
seconds. The results of the above experiments also showed
that time had no effect on the value of a network jitter,
both among internal routing protocol to internally or from
internal to external.
Figure 5. RIPv2-BGP Convergence Graph

The above graph shows the convergence value changes on

each trial. The convergence value is shown in the fourth
experiment is 33.20 seconds while the smallest convergence
value shown on the first try is 30.50 seconds.

4.2 Scenario 2 : OSPF-BGP

Figure 8. OSPF-BGP Packet loss Graph

The graph above shows changes in the value of packet loss on

each trial. The whole trial packet loss in this scenario is 0%.

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 Figure 9. OSPF-BGP Convergence Graph Figure 11. EIGRP-BGP Jitter Graph

The graph above shows the convergence value changes on From the chart above shows the change in the average value
each trial. The biggest convergence value shown in the last of jitter on each trial. The jitter value shown in the third trial
experiment is 31.03 seconds while the smallest convergence with a time of trial for 40 seconds while the smallest jitter
value shown on the first try is 30.33 seconds. value shown in the second trial with a time of trial for 30
seconds. The results of the above experiments also showed
4.3 Scenario 3 : EIGRP-BGP that time had no effect on the value of a network jitter,
both among internal routing protocol to internally or from
internal to external.

Figure 10. EIGRP-BGP Throughput Graph

From the chart above shows the change in the value of

throughput on each trial. The smallest throughput values Figure 12. EIGRP-BGP Packet loss Graph
shown in the first experiment using size 2 Kbyte windows.
Throughput value then increased in the second experiment The graph above shows changes in the value of packet loss
using 4 Kbyte window size. In the next experiment on each trial. Almost the entire trial packet loss produces
throughput values showed no significant changes, increased a value of 0%, only one trial that gets the value of 0.042%
only in small quantities only. This show has a maximum is the last trial with a time trial for 60 seconds. The results of
speed of the network and can not be increased more rapidly the above experiments also show that the time may affect the
despite the enlarged size windows. value of a network packet loss.

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 Figure 15. Jitter value comparison chart
Figure 13. EIGRP-BGP Convergence Graph
The graph above shows the comparison of the average value
The graph above shows the convergence value changes on of jitter for each combination of routing protocol. A
each trial. The biggest convergence value is shown in the network can be said to be good if it has a small jitter value.
fourth experiment is 30.60 seconds while the smallest The smaller the value of jitter, the more smoothly the process
convergence value shown in the second and final trial is 30.51 of sending data. OSPF-BGP routing protocol has an average
seconds. value of jitter best and do not quarrel much with EIGRP and
RIPv2-BGP. While RIPv2 routing protocol has the largest
jitter value. The next graph the average value of packet loss
for each scenario can be seen in the following chart.
V. EVALUATION

Figure 16. Packet loss value comparison chart

Figure 14. Throughput value comparison chart The graph above shows the comparison of the value of the
average packet loss for each combination of routing protocol.
The graph above shows the comparison of the average A network can be said to be good if it has a value of packet
throughput for each combination of routing protocol. The loss is small. The smaller the value of packet loss, the data
greater the throughput of a network, the faster the data which lost during the process of data transmission are also
transmission process and getting better. The combination of fewer and fewer. OSPF and OSPF-BGP routing protocol has
routing protocol OSPF-BGP has the average value of the the best average value of packet loss. While EIGRP-BGP
best throughput. But the difference in value of the average routing protocol has the biggest value of packet loss.
throughput-BGP routing protocol OSPF, EIGRP, EIGRP-
BGP, RIPv2- BGP is not too large. The average value of
the smallest throughput owned by routing protocol
RIPv2.

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 4. To improve the accuracy of research results, further
research can be done topology with a larger scale and
more complex.
5. To improve the accuracy of research results, further
research can be done with physical router and
physical computer.

VIII. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was supported in part by the Institute for Research
and Community Services (LP2M) UIN Syarif Hidayatullah
Jakarta.

Figure 17. Convergence value comparison chart IX. REFERENCES

[1] V. Bahl, “Performance Issues and Evaluation
The graph above shows the comparison of the average value considerations of web traffic for RIP & OSPF Dynamic
of convergence for each combination of routing protocol. Routing Protocols for Hybrid Networks Using OPNET,”
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the best convergence followed by EIGRP convergence [3] D. Xu and L. Trajkovi, “Performance Analysis of
value a little at odds with the value of the RIP , EIGRP , and OSPF using OPNET,” 2013.
convergence of the routing protocol OSPF. While RIPv2 [4] J. F. Kurose and K. W. Ross, “Computer Networking A
routing protocol has the biggest convergence value. Top-Down Approach. Pearson,” 2013.
[5] Golmohammadi, “Performance Comparison of Mixed
VI. CONCLUSION Protocols Based on EIGRP , IS-IS and OSPF for Real-
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with the average value of throughput 1014.28 Kbits/s. [10] F. Le, G.G. Xie, and H. Zhang, “Understanding Route
whereas the UDP packet testing, the best jitter value also Redistribution. 2007 IEEE International Conference on
owned by OSPF BGP with an average value of 45.26 ms Network Protocols”, 81–92, 2007
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amounted to 0.0084%. The average value of the
smallest convergence owned by third scenario, namely OSPF
with a value of 19.28 seconds. While the value of the biggest
convergence owned by RIPv2 with a value of 67.15 seconds.
The smaller the value, the faster convergence and
consistency of the network routing table updates.

VII. SUGGESTION
Based on this research can be given the following
recommendations:
1. In the next simulation, to get different results may be
using IPv6.
2. In a next research to get a different result can use
different type of router and different simulation
applications.
3. In a next research can analyze the security in the use
route redistribution.

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