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    EMF Equation of DC Machine

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    EMF Equation of DC Machine

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    15 views8 pages

    EMF Equation of DC Machine

    Uploaded by

    gfame4464

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 8

    EMF Equation of a DC

    Machine
    By : Dr. Atul R. Phadke
    Associate Professor and Head of Electrical Engineering Department
    Government College of Engineering, Jalgaon
    GENERATION OF EMF IN DC MACHINES:

    Every dc machine, whether it is used as a generator or motor, an


    emf is induced in the armature winding due to its rotation in the
    magnetic field.
    Now we will derive the expression for emf induced in armature of a
    dc machine.

    2
    EMF EQUATION OF A GENERATOR:
    Let, According to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction,
    ∅ = flux / pole in Weber 𝑑∅
    Average emf generated in one conductor = volt (as number
    𝑑𝑡
    𝑍 = total number of armature conductors of turns = 1)
    = number of slots x number of conductors/slot Now, flux cut by one conductor in one revolution 𝑑∅ = ∅𝑃 Wb
    𝑃 = number of poles 𝑁
    Number of revolutions in one second =
    60
    𝐴 = number of parallel paths in armature winding 60
     Time required for one revolution, 𝑑𝑡 = seconds
    𝑁 = speed of armature in rpm 𝑁
    𝑑∅ ∅𝑃𝑁
    𝐸 = emf induced in any one parallel path in Hence, emf generated in one conductor = = volt
    𝑑𝑡 60
    armature in Volt
    Number of armature conductors connected in series in one
    Generated emf 𝐸𝑔 = emf induced in any one 𝑍
    parallel path =
    parallel path, i.e., 𝐸 𝐴
    ∅𝑃𝑁 𝑍
    Generated emf 𝐸𝑔 = × Volt
    60 𝐴

    3
    EMF EQUATION:

    EMF equation of a dc generator is given by


    ∅𝑃𝑁 𝑍
    𝐸𝑔 = × Volt
    60 𝐴

    For a simplex wave wound generator, number of parallel paths A = 2 and for a
    simplex lap wound generator, number of parallel paths A = P.

    4
    BACK EMF IN MOTOR:

    It should be noted here that emf equation is applicable for generators as well as
    motors.
    In generator, the motion of armature is due to the prime mover.
    Whereas, in motor, the motion of armature is due to the action of machine as a
    motor.
    In case of motor, however, the induced emf acts in a direction opposite to the
    applied voltage.
    Hence, it is known as back emf.
    Back emf for dc motor,
    ∅𝑃𝑁 𝑍
    𝐸𝑏 = × Volt
    60 𝐴

    5
    EXAMPLE 1:
    An 8 pole, wave wound generator has 15 slots with each slot containing 30
    conductors. If the flux per pole is 0.006 Weber and the speed is 1400 rpm, what
    will be the induced emf? At what speed the machine should run to produce the
    same voltage if the armature is lap wound?
    Solution:
    Given data – P = 8, A = 2, No. of slots = 15, No. of conductors per slot = 30,
     = 0.006 Wb, N = 1400 rpm
    Total number of conductors Z = 15 x 30 = 450
    Wave wound generator –
    ∅𝑃𝑁 𝑍 0.006 × 8 × 1400 × 450
    𝐸𝑔 = × = = 252 𝑉
    60 𝐴 60 × 2
    If the generator is lap wound, A = P = 8
    𝐸𝑔 × 60 × 𝐴 252 × 60 × 8
    𝑁= = = 5600 𝑟𝑝𝑚
    ∅ ×𝑃 ×𝑍 0.006 × 8 × 450
    6
    EXAMPLE 2:
    A 4-pole dc generator has a flux of 0.006 Web per pole and runs at 1500 rpm. The number of slots is 50 and
    the number of conductors per slot is 20. The current carrying capacity of each armature conductor is 20 A. Find
    (a) generated voltage, (b) generated current and (c) power supplied when the winding is (i) wave connected
    and (ii) lap connected
    Solution:
    Given data - P = 4,  = 0.006 Wb, N = 1500 rpm, No. of slots = 50, No. of conductors per slot = 20, current in
    each armature conductor I = 20 A
    Number of conductors Z = 50 x 20 = 1000

    (i) Wave wound generator: (ii) Lap wound generator:


    ∅𝑃𝑁 𝑍 0.006 × 4 × 1500 × 1000 ∅𝑃𝑁 𝑍 0.006 × 4 × 1500 × 1000
    𝐸𝑔 = × = 𝐸𝑔 = × =
    60 𝐴 60 × 2 60 𝐴 60 × 4
    = 300 𝑉 = 150 𝑉
    Armature current 𝐼𝑎 = 20 × 2 = 40 𝐴 Armature current 𝐼𝑎 = 20 × 4 = 80 𝐴
    Power 𝑃 = 𝐸𝑔 × 𝐼𝑎 = 300 × 40 = 12000 𝑊 Power 𝑃 = 𝐸𝑔 × 𝐼𝑎 = 150 × 80 = 12000 𝑊
    = 12 𝑘𝑊 = 12 𝑘𝑊
    7

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