Assignment No : 05

Subject:
Research Methodology
Submitted By:
Zeeshan Shukat(CIIT/SP22-RCS-007/VHR)
Submitted To:
Sir Ali Shahid
Submission Date:
June 8, 2022

COMSATS UNIVERSITY VEHARI

The number of cars is increasing day by day .The main problem is to find a parking slot, whether
in the shopping mall or companies or at the airport or in hospitals. An average, people spent 20
minutes to find a suitable parking for the car. Most of the people park their cars in places not
designated for parking, and parking in places not reserved for parking slots. This results in the
disruption of the traffic and sometimes in the movement of people. Usually, there are reasons to
park people in places not reserved for parking such as the area designated for parking is not
enough to cater the needs. This is due to the weak planning and not thinking of solutions to keep
pace with the large increase in the number of cars. Automated car parking system save the fuel
consumption and save the time of the people.(Elakya et al. 2019)

2. IoT Based Smart Irrigation Monitoring And Controlling System

In agriculture water consumption is more and improving farm yield is essential to meet the
rapidly growing demand of food for population growth across the world. Water consumption in
the agriculture is more so this may reduce the water level. There is to need to develop Smart
irrigation system for controlling of water. It helps to optimize the use of water for irrigation
purpose. (Saraf and Gawali 2017)

3. IoT based Smart Irrigation System using Raspberry Pi

Day by day growth in globalization and population water consumption is also increases. There is
challenge in front of every country to reduce the farm water consumption and provide fresh and
healthy food. An automatic irrigation system uses automatic watering system to monitor and
maintain the appropriate soil moisture content. The control unit is implemented using the
Raspberry Pi. These sensors will find the various situations of the soil and based on soil moisture
percent, land gets automatically irrigated.(Karthikamani and Rajaguru 2021)
 4. Breast Cancer Prediction by using machine learning

Each year number of deaths is increasing extremely because of breast cancer. It is the most
frequent type of all cancers and the major cause of death in women worldwide. Any development
for prediction and diagnosis of cancer disease is capital important for a healthy life.
Consequently, high accuracy in cancer prediction is important to update the treatment aspect and
the survivability standard of patients. Machine learning techniques can bring a large contribute
on the process of prediction and early diagnosis of breast cancer, became a research hotspot and
has been proved as a strong technique.(Islam et al. 2020)

5. IoT Based Smart Parking System

Nowadays congestion of traffic level increases with the increasing development of population
rapidly. With respect to the amount of population, the utilization of personal vehicles also
increased. Due to more use of cars the traffic congestion occurred on the road. Most of the
people chooses personal vehicles than public transportation. It is very difficult and time
consuming to find parking space in most metropolitan areas, commercial areas, especially during
the rush hours. It is often costly in almost every big city in all over the world to find proper and
secure parking space.(Agarwal et al. 2021)

6. Water Management Using Automated Irrigation System

The potential direct negative environmental impacts of the use of groundwater for irrigation.
This can result in the lowering of the water table, land subsidence, decreased water quality. The
developing an automated irrigation system which help in less consuming of water and electricity.
By this we Increase agricultural production using small quantities of water; minimize manual
work which is more time consuming.(Rajalakshmi and Devi Mahalakshmi 2016)
 7. Priority Based Traffic Pre-emption System for Medical Emergency
Vehicles in Smart Cities
Though relatively effective, the vehicular queues that build up at each intersection being
managed by a traffic light and the subsequent delay thereof, could have adverse effects on
medical emergency vehicles (EVs) priority preemption model for EVs in smart cities is
proposed. It leverages on sensors to dynamically track the EV’s location and speed, and
adaptively adjusts the timing sequence of all traffic lights on the EV’s path.(Zhao et al. 2017)

8. Machine Learning in Cyber-Security - Problems, Challenges

In the current world that is run by technology and network connections, it is crucial to know
what cyber security is and to be able to use it effectively. Systems, important files, data, and
other important virtual things are at risk if there is no security to protect it. With the development
of the fresh technology in cyber security, the attackers similarly do not collapse behind. They are
consuming better and enhanced hacking techniques and aim the weak points of many businesses
out there. Cyber security is essential to protect military, government data. Machine learning play
important role to solve this issue.(Amit et al. 2018)

9. IOT Based Restaurant Automation System

The traditional food ordering system is totally a manual process which includes pen, paper and
waiters. The customer is always waiting for waiter to take the order. This system is very simple,
but it includes the errors while note down the orders and also making the calculations. It is
sometimes difficult to translate the handwriting of waiter. To overcome these limitations in
manual system, using Automated Restaurant ordering system. The ordering system is made more
systematic and helps the manager to avoiding human error and increase business development
order transaction is step by step process to make transaction more efficient and system can helps
the staff to avoid any order mistake. The transaction between customer to waiter and cashier will
be more efficient. (Nandre et al. 2018)
 10.Smart Parking System using IOT

As the population increases the cars also increase .The main problem is to find a parking slot.
Most of the people park their cars in places not applicable for parking. This results in the
congestion of the traffic. This is due to the weak planning and not thinking of solutions to keep
space with the large increase in the number of cars. So there is need to develop a system to notify
the people about the parking slot which is free to park the cars easily to reduce the congestion
and reduce the chances of accidents.(Sadhukhan 2017)

References

Elakya, R., Seth, J., Ashritha, P. and Namith, R. 2019. Smart parking system using
IoT. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 9(1), pp.
6091–6095. doi: 10.35940/ijeat.A1963.109119.

Agarwal, Y., Ratnani, P., Shah, U. and Jain, P. 2021. IoT based smart parking
system. Proceedings - 5th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and
Control Systems, ICICCS 2021 (December 2018), pp. 464–470. doi:
10.1109/ICICCS51141.2021.9432196.
Saraf, S.B. and Gawali, D.H. 2017. IoT based smart irrigation monitoring and
controlling system. RTEICT 2017 - 2nd IEEE International Conference on Recent
Trends in Electronics, Information and Communication Technology, Proceedings
2018-Janua, pp. 815–819. doi: 10.1109/RTEICT.2017.8256711.
Karthikamani, R. and Rajaguru, H. 2021. IoT based Smart Irrigation System using
Raspberry Pi. Proceedings - 1st International Conference on Smart Technologies
Communication and Robotics, STCR 2021 (October), pp. 2021–2023. doi:
10.1109/STCR51658.2021.9588877.
Islam, M.M., Haque, M.R., Iqbal, H., Hasan, M.M., Hasan, M. and Kabir, M.N.
2020. Breast Cancer Prediction: A Comparative Study Using Machine Learning
Techniques. SN Computer Science 1(5), pp. 1–14. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-020-00305-w.
Rajalakshmi, P. and Devi Mahalakshmi, S. 2016. IOT based crop-field monitoring
and irrigation automation. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on
Intelligent Systems and Control, ISCO 2016 . doi: 10.1109/ISCO.2016.7726900.

Zhao, J., Guo, Y. and Duan, X. 2017. Dynamic Path Planning of Emergency
Vehicles Based on Travel Time Prediction. Journal of Advanced Transportation
2017. doi: 10.1155/2017/9184891.

Amit, I., Matherly, J., Hewlett, W., Xu, Z., Meshi, Y. and Weinberger, Y. 2018.
Machine Learning in Cyber-Security - Problems, Challenges and Data Sets.
(April). Available at: http://arxiv.org/abs/1812.07858.

Nandre, M., Patil, D., Patil, K. and Suryvanshi, J.R. 2018. IOT based Restaurant
Automation System. International Journal of Reasearch Trends and Innovation
6(X), pp. 388–395.

Sadhukhan, P. 2017. An IoT-based E-Parking System for Smart Cities., pp. 1062–
1066.