MATH322 – TUTORIAL #4

1- Let x denote the number of times a certain numerical control machine with 1,2,3 times on
any given day. Y denote the number of times a technician is called on an emergency call. The
joint probability distribution is given;

f(x,y) 1 2 3 h(y)
1 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.2
2 0.05 0.1 0.35 0.5
3 0 0.2 0.1 0.3
g(x) 0.1 0.35 0.55 1.00

a) Find the marginal distribution of X and Y.

SOLUTION:

x 1 2 3
g(x) 0.1 0.35 0.55

y 1 2 3
h(y) 0.2 0.5 0.3

b) Determine whether X and Y independent or not.

SOLUTION:

[note: if f(x,y)=g(x).h(y) ]

f(1,1)=0.05
g(1).h(1)=0.1x0.2=0.02

f(1,1)≠g(1).h(1) so they are not independent.

 2
2- ℎ(𝑥, 𝑦) = (2𝑥 + 3𝑦); 0 < 𝑥 < 1 0<y<1
5

0, elsewhere

a) Find the marginal distribution of X.

SOLUTION:

12
g(x)= ∫0 5 (2𝑥 + 3𝑦)𝑑𝑦

2 1
= ∫ (2𝑥
5 0
+ 3𝑦)𝑑𝑦

2 3𝑦 2 1 2 3.12 2 3 4 3
=5 (2𝑥𝑦 + 2 0
) = 5 [(2. 𝑥. 1 + 2
) − 0] = 5
(2𝑥 + 2) = 5 𝑥 + 5

b) Find the marginal distribution of Y.

SOLUTION:
12
h(y)= ∫0 (2𝑥 + 3𝑦)𝑑𝑥
5

2 1
= ∫ (2𝑥
5 0
+ 3𝑦)𝑑𝑥

2 2𝑥 2 2 2 2 6
= ( + 3𝑦𝑥)10 = [(1 + 3𝑦) − 0] = (1 + 3𝑦) = + 𝑦
5 2 5 5 5 5
3- The joint density for random variable (x,y) where x is unit temperature changes and y is the
proportion of spectrum shift that a certain atomic particular produces.

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 10. 𝑥. 𝑦 2 ; 0<𝑥<𝑦<1

0 ; elsewhere

a) Find marginal densities for x and y.

SOLUTION:

1…………………… x=y

1
g(x)= ∫𝑥 10. 𝑥. 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦

1
= 10 ∫𝑥 𝑥. 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦

𝑦3 1 1 𝑥3 10𝑥
=(10. 𝑥. ) = 10. 𝑥. − 10. 𝑥. = (1 − 𝑥3)
3 𝑥 3 3 3

𝑦
h(y)= ∫0 10. 𝑥. 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑦
= 10 ∫0 𝑥. 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑥2 𝑦 𝑦2
=(10. 2
. 𝑦 2 )0 = 10. 2
. 𝑦2 − 0 = 5𝑦 4

b) Find conditional density f(x/y) and f(y/x).

SOLUTION:

𝑓(𝑥,𝑦) 10.𝑥.𝑦 2 2𝑥
f(x/y)= ℎ(𝑦) = 5𝑦 4
= 𝑦2

𝑓(𝑥,𝑦) 10.𝑥.𝑦 2 3𝑦 2
f(y/x)= 𝑔(𝑥) = 10𝑥 = (1−𝑥3 )
(1−𝑥 3 )
3
c) Find the probability that the spectrum shifts more than half of the total observations given
that temperature is increased by 0.25 unit.

SOLUTION:

1 1 3
1 1 1 3𝑦 2 3𝑦 3 1 ( ) 7 1
2
f(y> / x=0.25) = ∫1 f(y/x) 𝑑𝑦=∫1 3 𝑑𝑦 = ( ) = − (1−𝑥 = . (1−𝑥3 )
2 2 2 (1−𝑥 ) 3(1−𝑥 3 ) 1 (1−𝑥 3 ) 3) 8
2

7 1 7 1
= = = 0.89
8 (1 − 𝑥 ) 8 (1 − (0.25)3 )
3
 4- The joint density function of random variable x and y is

f(x,y)= 6x ; 0<x<1 , 0<y<1-x

0; elsewhere

Show that x and y are not independent.

SOLUTION:

If f(x,y)=g(x).h(y) then they are independent.

1−𝑥
g(x)=∫0 6𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 6𝑥𝑦 = 6𝑥(1 − 𝑥)1−𝑥
0 − 0 = 6𝑥 − 6𝑥 2

1
1 6𝑥 2
h(y)=∫0 6𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ( 2 0
) = (3𝑥)10 = 3.1 − 0 = 3

6𝑥 ≠ (6𝑥 − 6𝑥 2 ).3 so they are not independent.