Duration: 3 Hrs Maximum Marks: 100

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
Note:
1. Part-A is mandatory.
2. Answer any five full questions from Part-B choosing at least one from each module.
3. Missing data may be suitably assumed.
PART-A
C Mark
Q.No. Question BL PO
O s
1 In LTE, when the angular spread of a channel is high, it indicates: L1 1 1 1
a) Greater path loss b) A strong line-of-sight path
c) multipath-rich environment d) Low channel diversity
2 Which type of fading distribution is most suitable for modeling a L2 1 1 1
line-of-sight (LOS) component in wireless channels?
a) Rayleigh distribution b) Rician distribution
c) Nakagami distribution d) Gaussian distribution
3 Which GSM channel type carries signaling and user data during a call L2 2 1 1
setup?
a) Control Channel (CCH) b) Broadcast Channel (BCH)
c) Traffic Channel (TCH) d) Synchronization Channel
(SCH)
4 What role does the Visitor Location Register (VLR) play in GSM L2 2 1 1
network operations?
a) It stores information about b) It stores temporary
the current location of all information about
mobile stations in the subscribers currently in the
network. area of an MSC.
c) It handles authentication and d) It contains permanent
call establishment subscriber data.
procedures.
5 Which of the following is a primary feature of 3G CDMA systems? L1 3 1 1
a) Data transmission rate of up b) Use of analog modulation
to 64 Kbps
c) Support for high-speed data d) Limited interoperability with
and multimedia services other networks

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Q.No. Question BL CO PO Marks
6 In CDMA, which layer is responsible for call setup, maintenance, and L1 3 1 1
teardown processes?
a) Physical Layer b) Data Link Layer
c) Network Layer d) Transport Layer
7 Which of the following describes the main purpose of the cyclic prefix L1 5 1 1
in OFDM?
a) To increase the data rate. b) To mitigate inter-symbol
interference (ISI) from
multipath channels
c) To ensure synchronization d) To enhance the amplitude of
with other network elements. transmitted signals.
8 What technique does LTE use in the uplink to reduce the L1 5 1 1
peak-to-average ratio (PAR) compared to standard OFDM?
a) Beamforming b) SC-FDMA
c) Spatial multiplexing d) Direct-sequence spread
spectrum
9 The primary advantage of using Free Space Optics (FSO) for last-mile L1 6 4 1
communication is______
a) High installation costs b) High data rates and minimal
interference
c) Limited to low bandwidth d) Susceptible to signal
applications jamming
10 In the IEC laser classification, which class is potentially dangerous to L1 6 4 1
the eye and requires additional safety measures such as a key switch?
a) Class 1M b) Class 3B
c) Class 4 d) Class 2M
11 Define Signal-to-Interference Ratio in Cellular Systems. L2 1 2 2

12 Draw the frame structure of the Normal burst in the GSM air interface L2 2 1 2
timeslot.
13 List any two key advantages of using OFDM in LTE. L1 4 1 2

14 The technology associated with 3G CDMA is ______ L1 3 1 2

15 Name two major atmospheric conditions that can affect OWC L1 6 4 2

performance in outdoor settings.
PART-B
Module-1
1 a) Explain the path loss model for free space propagation with L4 1 2 8
relevant equations.

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Q.No. Question BL CO PO Marks
b) Explain the following in brief: L2 1 1 8
i. Angular Spread and Coherence Distance

ii. Doppler Spread and Coherence Time

OR
2 a) Discuss the different types of sectoring used in cellular networks. L2 1 1 8
Outline its advantages and disadvanges.
b) Describe the Rayleigh fading model. In what scenarios is it used, L2 1 1 8
and why is it suitable for environments with no line-of-sight
(NLOS) conditions?
Module-2
3 a) Discuss the GSM Network and System Architecture with a neat L2 2 1 10
diagram.
b) Explain GSM Identities. L2 2 1 6
OR
4 a) With the neat diagram explain Traffic and control signal bursts L2 2 1 10
used in GSM.
b) Classify and explain GSM services. L2 2 1 6
Module-3
5 a) With the neat block diagram explain the generation of CDMA L2 3 1 8
forward traffic control with power control for 14.4 kbps traffic.
b) Explain typical components of cdmaOne network. L2 3 3 8
OR
6 a) Explain the network nodes found in the CDMA2000 wireless L2 3 3 8
system.
b) Explain the types of handoff used in CDMA. L2 3 1 8
Module-4
7 a) Illustrate the difference between the OFDM system and the L2 4 1 8
SC-FDE system using a neat block diagram.
b) Explain the multi-antenna techniques supported in LTE that L2 4 1 8
enhance performance in different deployment scenarios.
OR
8 a) With a neat diagram explain flat LTE SAE architecture. L2 4 1 8

b) Consider a wireless channel where the maximum delay spread is L2 5 3 8

determined to be τ = 2 μsec. In the context of LTE cyclic prefix
usage, calculate the minimum and maximum data rate loss due to
the cyclic prefix (CP) in LTE. Given that the "normal" CP length
is Tg = 144Ts ≈ 4.7 μsec, Also explain why the rate loss is the
same for different block sizes such as L = 128 and L = 2048
subcarriers.

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Q.No. Question BL CO PO Marks
Module-5
9 a) Describe the outdoor OWC system with a neat block diagram. L2 6 1 8
Briefly discuss the challenges that may impact OWC link
performance.
b) Outline the major design and implementation challenges L2 6 1 8
encountered in Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) systems.
OR
10 a) Explain various outdoor OWC application areas. L2 6 1 8
b) Classify and describe lasers according to the IEC 60825-1 L2 6 1 8
standard.

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