Python is a popular, beginner-friendly programming language known for its readability and
simplicity. Here’s an overview of some Python basics to get you started:
1. Hello, World!
The classic first program. In Python, you can print text to the console with the
print() function:
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print("Hello, World!")
2. Variables and Data Types
In Python, you don’t need to declare the data type of a variable. You can assign values
directly.
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name = "Alice" # String
age = 25 # Integer
height = 5.8 # Float
is_student = True # Boolean
3. Basic Data Types
Integers (int): Whole numbers, e.g., 10
Floats (float): Decimal numbers, e.g., 10.5
Strings (str): Text, e.g., "Hello"
Booleans (bool): True/False values, e.g., True or False
4. Operators
Arithmetic: +, -, *, /, // (integer division), % (modulus), ** (power)
Comparison: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=
Logical: and, or, not
5. Lists and Dictionaries
List: An ordered, mutable collection.
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fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
fruits.append("orange") # Adds "orange" to the list
Dictionary: A collection of key-value pairs.
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student = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25, "is_student": True}
print(student["name"]) # Output: Alice
6. Conditionals
Conditional statements allow you to execute code based on conditions.
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if age >= 18:
print("You are an adult.")
elif age > 13:
print("You are a teenager.")
else:
print("You are a child.")
7. Loops
For Loop: Used to iterate over sequences (like lists or strings).
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for fruit in fruits:
print(fruit)
While Loop: Repeats as long as a condition is true.
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count = 0
while count < 5:
print(count)
count += 1
8. Functions
Functions allow you to create reusable blocks of code.
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def greet(name):
return f"Hello, {name}!"
print(greet("Alice")) # Output: Hello, Alice!
9. Classes and Objects
Python is an object-oriented language, so you can create your own data types
(classes).
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class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
def introduce(self):
return f"My name is {self.name} and I am {self.age} years
old."
alice = Person("Alice", 25)
print(alice.introduce()) # Output: My name is Alice and I am 25
years old.
10. Importing Modules
Python has many built-in modules that you can import, such as math for mathematical
functions.
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import math
print(math.sqrt(16)) # Output: 4.0
These are the core fundamentals of Python, and mastering these will give you a solid
foundation. From here, you can start working on small projects to practice your skills. Let me
know if you want more details on any specific topic!
