Introduction to Algorithmics

Mohamed MESSABIHI
[email protected]

University of Tlemcen
Department of Computer Science

https://sites.google.com/site/informatiquemessabihi/
 What Does "Programming" Mean?

Programming means creating "computer programs". Programs instruct

the computer to perform actions.
• A calculator is a program.
• Your Microsoft Word is a program.
• Facebook is a program.
• Video games are programs.
• Spotify is a program
• ...
 What Does "Programming" Mean?

Programming means creating "computer programs". Programs instruct

the computer to perform actions.

• A calculator is a program.
• Your Microsoft Word is a program.
• Facebook is a program.
• Video games are programs.
• Spotify is a program
• ...
 What Does "Programming" Mean?

Programming means creating "computer programs". Programs instruct

the computer to perform actions.
• A calculator is a program.
• Your Microsoft Word is a program.
• Facebook is a program.
• Video games are programs.
• Spotify is a program
• ...
 What Does "Programming" Mean?

Programming means creating "computer programs". Programs instruct

the computer to perform actions.
• A calculator is a program.
• Your Microsoft Word is a program.
• Facebook is a program.
• Video games are programs.
• Spotify is a program
• ...
 What Does "Programming" Mean?

Programming means creating "computer programs". Programs instruct

the computer to perform actions.
• A calculator is a program.
• Your Microsoft Word is a program.
• Facebook is a program.
• Video games are programs.
• Spotify is a program
• ...
 What Does "Programming" Mean?

Programming means creating "computer programs". Programs instruct

the computer to perform actions.
• A calculator is a program.
• Your Microsoft Word is a program.
• Facebook is a program.
• Video games are programs.
• Spotify is a program
• ...
"Programming", indeed! But which language
should we use?
• The computer only understands machine language. For example, the
instruction "Perform the calculation 4 + 7" is translated into
machine language as: 0010110110010011010011110

• This machine language is called binary language

• This binary language is incomprehensible.

• The computer does not speak English, French, or Arabic.

Problem
How can we communicate with the computer in a simpler way than in
binary?
"Programming", indeed! But which language
should we use?
• The computer only understands machine language. For example, the
instruction "Perform the calculation 4 + 7" is translated into
machine language as: 0010110110010011010011110

• This machine language is called binary language

• This binary language is incomprehensible.

• The computer does not speak English, French, or Arabic.

Problem
How can we communicate with the computer in a simpler way than in
binary?
"Programming", indeed! But which language
should we use?
• The computer only understands machine language. For example, the
instruction "Perform the calculation 4 + 7" is translated into
machine language as: 0010110110010011010011110

• This machine language is called binary language

• This binary language is incomprehensible.

• The computer does not speak English, French, or Arabic.

Problem
How can we communicate with the computer in a simpler way than in
binary?
"Programming", indeed! But which language
should we use?
• The computer only understands machine language. For example, the
instruction "Perform the calculation 4 + 7" is translated into
machine language as: 0010110110010011010011110

• This machine language is called binary language

• This binary language is incomprehensible.

• The computer does not speak English, French, or Arabic.

Problem
How can we communicate with the computer in a simpler way than in
binary?
"Programming", indeed! But which language
should we use?
• The computer only understands machine language. For example, the
instruction "Perform the calculation 4 + 7" is translated into
machine language as: 0010110110010011010011110

• This machine language is called binary language

• This binary language is incomprehensible.

• The computer does not speak English, French, or Arabic.

Problem
How can we communicate with the computer in a simpler way than in
binary?
 Programming Languages

• Invent new languages that can be translated into binary for the
computer.

• The most challenging part is to create the program that performs

this "translation."

• Fortunately,this program has already been written by computer

scientists, so we won’t have to rewrite it.

• We will use it to write sentences like "Perform the calculation 3 +

5," which will be translated by the "translation" program into
something like "0010110110010011010011110."
 Programming Languages

• Invent new languages that can be translated into binary for the
computer.

• The most challenging part is to create the program that performs

this "translation."

• Fortunately,this program has already been written by computer

scientists, so we won’t have to rewrite it.

• We will use it to write sentences like "Perform the calculation 3 +

5," which will be translated by the "translation" program into
something like "0010110110010011010011110."
 Programming Languages

• Invent new languages that can be translated into binary for the
computer.

• The most challenging part is to create the program that performs

this "translation."

• Fortunately,this program has already been written by computer

scientists, so we won’t have to rewrite it.

• We will use it to write sentences like "Perform the calculation 3 +

5," which will be translated by the "translation" program into
something like "0010110110010011010011110."
 Programming Languages

• Invent new languages that can be translated into binary for the
computer.

• The most challenging part is to create the program that performs

this "translation."

• Fortunately,this program has already been written by computer

scientists, so we won’t have to rewrite it.

• We will use it to write sentences like "Perform the calculation 3 +

5," which will be translated by the "translation" program into
something like "0010110110010011010011110."
 Programming Languages
• Invent new languages that can be translated into binary for the
computer.
• The most challenging part is to create the program that performs
this "translation."
• Fortunately,this program has already been written by computer
scientists, so we won’t have to rewrite it.
• We will use it to write sentences like "Perform the calculation 3 +
5," which will be translated by the "translation" program into
something like "0010110110010011010011110."
 Why Program in C?

• There are many programming languages like C, C++, Java, Visual

Basic, Python, etc.

• C is a very popular language.

• It provides a solid foundation in programming and computer

architecture.

• It equips you with skills to learn any other programming languages

easily.

• It’s used for developing various software applications.

• Often taught in computer science studies.

 Why Program in C?

• There are many programming languages like C, C++, Java, Visual

Basic, Python, etc.

• C is a very popular language.

• It provides a solid foundation in programming and computer

architecture.

• It equips you with skills to learn any other programming languages

easily.

• It’s used for developing various software applications.

• Often taught in computer science studies.

 Why Program in C?

• There are many programming languages like C, C++, Java, Visual

Basic, Python, etc.

• C is a very popular language.

• It provides a solid foundation in programming and computer

architecture.

• It equips you with skills to learn any other programming languages

easily.

• It’s used for developing various software applications.

• Often taught in computer science studies.

 Why Program in C?

• There are many programming languages like C, C++, Java, Visual

Basic, Python, etc.

• C is a very popular language.

• It provides a solid foundation in programming and computer

architecture.

• It equips you with skills to learn any other programming languages

easily.

• It’s used for developing various software applications.

• Often taught in computer science studies.

 Why Program in C?

• There are many programming languages like C, C++, Java, Visual

Basic, Python, etc.

• C is a very popular language.

• It provides a solid foundation in programming and computer

architecture.

• It equips you with skills to learn any other programming languages

easily.

• It’s used for developing various software applications.

• Often taught in computer science studies.

 Why Program in C?

• There are many programming languages like C, C++, Java, Visual

Basic, Python, etc.

• C is a very popular language.

• It provides a solid foundation in programming and computer

architecture.

• It equips you with skills to learn any other programming languages

easily.

• It’s used for developing various software applications.

• Often taught in computer science studies.

 Is Programming difficult?

• Do you need to be a genius to start programming? NO

• Do you need to be an eminent mathematician to start

programming? NO

• You just need to understand how computers work.

• However, programmers need qualities like:

• Patience: A program never works perfectly on the first try; you need
to persistent!
• Logical thinking: while you don’t have to be a math expert, but
you’ll still need to think logically.
• Calmness: No, hitting your computer with a hammer won’t make
your program work.
 Is Programming difficult?

• Do you need to be a genius to start programming? NO

• Do you need to be an eminent mathematician to start

programming? NO

• You just need to understand how computers work.

• However, programmers need qualities like:

• Patience: A program never works perfectly on the first try; you need
to persistent!
• Logical thinking: while you don’t have to be a math expert, but
you’ll still need to think logically.
• Calmness: No, hitting your computer with a hammer won’t make
your program work.
 Is Programming difficult?

• Do you need to be a genius to start programming? NO

• Do you need to be an eminent mathematician to start

programming? NO

• You just need to understand how computers work.

• However, programmers need qualities like:

• Patience: A program never works perfectly on the first try; you need
to persistent!
• Logical thinking: while you don’t have to be a math expert, but
you’ll still need to think logically.
• Calmness: No, hitting your computer with a hammer won’t make
your program work.
 Is Programming difficult?

• Do you need to be a genius to start programming? NO

• Do you need to be an eminent mathematician to start

programming? NO

• You just need to understand how computers work.

• However, programmers need qualities like:

• Patience: A program never works perfectly on the first try; you need
to persistent!
• Logical thinking: while you don’t have to be a math expert, but
you’ll still need to think logically.
• Calmness: No, hitting your computer with a hammer won’t make
your program work.
 Is Programming difficult?

• Do you need to be a genius to start programming? NO

• Do you need to be an eminent mathematician to start

programming? NO

• You just need to understand how computers work.

• However, programmers need qualities like:

• Patience: A program never works perfectly on the first try; you need
to persistent!
• Logical thinking: while you don’t have to be a math expert, but
you’ll still need to think logically.
• Calmness: No, hitting your computer with a hammer won’t make
your program work.
 Is Programming difficult?

• Do you need to be a genius to start programming? NO

• Do you need to be an eminent mathematician to start

programming? NO

• You just need to understand how computers work.

• However, programmers need qualities like:

• Patience: A program never works perfectly on the first try; you need
to persistent!
• Logical thinking: while you don’t have to be a math expert, but
you’ll still need to think logically.
• Calmness: No, hitting your computer with a hammer won’t make
your program work.
What Do You Need for C Programming?
• Programmers need three tools: a text editor, a compiler, and a
debugger.

• You can install these tools separately or use an Integrated

Development Environment (IDE).

• IDEs like Code::Blocks, Visual C++, Pycharm and Xcode simplify

the development process.
What Do You Need for C Programming?
• Programmers need three tools: a text editor, a compiler, and a
debugger.

• You can install these tools separately or use an Integrated

Development Environment (IDE).

• IDEs like Code::Blocks, Visual C++, Pycharm and Xcode simplify

the development process.
What Do You Need for C Programming?
• Programmers need three tools: a text editor, a compiler, and a
debugger.

• You can install these tools separately or use an Integrated

Development Environment (IDE).

• IDEs like Code::Blocks, Visual C++, Pycharm and Xcode simplify

the development process.
 My First C Program

Example C Program
# include < stdio .h >

int main () {
printf ( " Hello , World !\ n " ) ;
return 0;
}

• when you run this program, it will display "Hello, World!" on the
screen and then terminate with a success status of 0.
• This simple program is often used as a starting point for learning
new programming languages, as it provides a basic understanding of
how to output text to the console.
 Comments in C

Example:
/* Below are preprocessor directives . These lines add files
to the project ,
files called libraries . Thanks to these libraries , we have
pre - made functions to display messages on the screen . */

# include < stdio .h >

# include < stdlib .h >

/* Below , you have the main function of the program , called

main . All programs start with this function . Here , my
function simply displays " Hello " on the screen . */

int main ()
{
printf ( " Hello " ) ; // This instruction displays " Hello " on
the screen
return 0; // The program returns the number 0 and stops
}