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Tut 04

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15 views2 pages

Tut 04

Uploaded by

anutyo
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Department of Mathematics

Indian Institute of Technology Jammu

CSD001P5M Linear Algebra Tutorial: 04

1. Show that the space of all 3 × 3 real (respectively complex) matrices is a vector space
over R (respectively C) with respect to the usual addition and scalar multiplication.

2. Let S:= The set of all 3 × 3 upper triangular matrices with real entries. Check whether S
is a real vector space under usual addition and scalar multiplication of matrices.

3. In R, consider the addition x ⊕ y := x + y − 1 and a · x := a(x − 1) + 1. Show that R is a


real vector space with respect to these operations with additive identity 1.

4. Which of the following are vector spaces:


(a) C over C (b) C over R (c) R over C (d) R over R

5. Which of the following are subspaces of R3 :

(a) {(x, y, z)|x + y = 0}


(b) {(x, y, z)|x2 + y2 = z}
(c) {(x, y, z)|x2 + y2 = 0}
(d) {(x, y, z)|xy = 1}
(e) {(x, y, z)|x ≥ 0}
(f) {(x, y, z)|x + y = z}
(g) {(x, y, z)|x = y2 }.

6. Which of the following are subspaces of C3 (over C):

(a) {(z1 , z2 , z3 )|z1 is real}


(b) {(z1 , z2 , z3 )|z1 + z2 = 10z3 }.

7. Find the conditions on real numbers a, b, c, d so that the set {(x, y, z)|ax + by + cz = d} is
a subspace of R3 .

8. Which of the following are subspaces of C[0, 1] := { f : [0, 1] −→ R : f is continuous}?

(a) f ∈ C[0, 1] : f 21 = 0 .
 

(b) f ∈ C[0, 1] : f has a local maxima at x = 12 .




1
1

(c) f ∈ C[0, 1] : f has a local maxima or minima at x = 2 .
9. Let V be a vector space over F and W1 , . . . , Wr subspaces of V. Then which of the
following is a subspace of V:
(a) V \ W1
r
S
(b) Wi
i=1
r
T
(c) Wi
i=1
(d) W1 + W2 = {w1 + w2 : w1 ∈ W1 , w2 ∈ W2 }
   
−2 4 1 2
10. Express the 2 × 2 matrix as a linear combination of the matrices ,
4 0 1 −1
   
−2 3 −1 3
and .
1 4 2 1
11. In the following W is a subspace of V ? Base field is taken as R in all. Justify your answer.
(a) V := R[x] = vector space of all polynomials with real coefficients, W := set of all
polynomials with integer coefficients.
(b) V := R2 , W := {(x, y) : x + y ≥ 0}.
(c) V := R2 , W := {(x, y) : x2 + y2 ≥ 0}.
12. Consider the space V of all 2 × 2 matrices over R. Which of the following sets of matrices
A in V are subspaces of V ? Justify (prove) your answers.
  
a b
(a) All upper triangular matrices i.e. matrices of the form .
0 d
(b) All A such that AB = BA where B is some fixed matrix in V .
(c) All A such that BA = 0 where B is some fixed matrix in V .
(d) Would the above results hold for all n × n matrices where n is a general positive
integer (n ≥ 2)?
13. Given the following vectors in R3 : u = (1, 3, 5), v = (1, 4, 6), w = (2, −1, 3) and b =
(6, 5, 17).
(a) Does b ∈ W = span{u, v, w}?
(b) If the answer to (a) is yes, express b as a linear combination of u,v,w.
14. Let U and W be two subspaces of the vector space V . We define U +W = {u + w : u ∈
U, w ∈ W }. Show that U + W is a subspace of V , and moreover, U + W is the smallest
subspace of V which contains both U and W .

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