Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Question1
A convex lens of focal length 40cm forms an image of an extended
source of light on a photoelectric cell. A current I is produced. The lens
is replaced by another convex lens having the same diameter but focal
length 20cm. The photoelectric current now is :

[27-Jan-2024 Shift 1]

Options:

A.

I/2

B.

4I

C.

2I

D.

Answer: D

Solution:

As amount of energy incident on cell is same so current will remain same.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question2
If the refractive index of the material of a prism is cot (A/2), where A is
the angle of prism then the angle of minimum deviation will be

[27-Jan-2024 Shift 1]
Options:

A.

π − 2A

B.

π/2 - 2A
C.

π−A

D.

π/2 - A

Answer: A

Solution:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question3
Two immiscible liquids of refractive indices 8/5 and 3/2 respectively are
put in a beaker as shown in the figure. The height of each column
is 6cm. A coin is placed at the bottom of the beaker. For near normal
vision, the apparent depth of the coin is α/4 cm. The value of α is_______

[27-Jan-2024 Shift 1]

Answer: 31

Solution:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question4
A convex mirror of radius of curvature 30cm forms an image that is half
the size of the object. The object distance is :

[29-Jan-2024 Shift 1]
Options:

A.

−15 cm

B.

45 cm

C.

−45 cm

D.

15 cm

Answer: A

Solution:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question5
A biconvex lens of refractive index 1.5 has a focal length of 20cm in air.
Its focal length when immersed in a liquid of refractive index 1.6 will
be:
[29-Jan-2024 Shift 1]

Options:

A.
−16 cm

B.

−160 cm

C.
+160 cm

D.

+16 cm

Answer: B

Solution:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question6
If the distance between object and its two times magnified virtual image
produced by a curved mirror is 15cm, the focal length of the mirror
must be :

[29-Jan-2024 Shift 2]
Options:

A.

15 cm

B.
−12 cm

C.

−10 cm
D.
10∕3 cm

Answer: C

Solution:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question7
The distance between object and its two times magnified real image as
produced by a convex lens is 45cm. The focal length of the lens used is
____cm.

[30-Jan-2024 Shift 1]

Answer: 10

Solution:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question8
In an experiment to measure the focal length (f) of a convex lens, the
magnitude of object distance (x) and the image distance (y) are
measured with reference to the focal point of the lens. The y − x plot is
shown in figure.

The focal length of the lens is _____cm.

[30-Jan-2024 Shift 2]

Answer: 20

Solution:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question9
The refractive index of a prism with apex angle A is cotA∕2. The angle of
minimum deviation is :

[31-Jan-2024 Shift 1]
Options:

A.

B.

C.

D.

Answer: D

Solution:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question10
Light from a point source in air falls on a convex curved surface of
radius 20cm and refractive index 1.5. If the source is located
at 100cm from the convex surface, the image will be formed at
______cm from the object.
[31-Jan-2024 Shift 2]
Answer: 200

Solution:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question11
The distance between object and its 3 times magnified virtual image as
produced by a convex lens is 20cm. The focal length of the lens used is
______cm.

[1-Feb-2024 Shift 1]
Answer: 15

Solution:
Question12
As shown in the figure, a combination of a thin plano concave lens and a
thin plano convex lens is used to image an object placed at infinity. The
radius of curvature of both the lenses is 30 cm and refraction index of
the material for both the lenses is 1.75. Both the lenses are placed at
distance of 40 cm from each other. Due to the combination, the image
of the object is formed at distance x = ___cm, from concave lens.

[24-Jan-2023 Shift 1]

Answer: 120

Solution:

1
f1
= (1.75 − 1) −
1
30 ( )
⇒ f1 = −40 cm
1
f2
= (1.75 − 1)
1
30 ( )
⇒ f2 = 40 cm

Image from L1 will be virtual and on the left of L1 at focal length 40 cm. So the object for L2 will be 80 cm from L2 which is
2f. Final image is formed at 80 cm from L2 on the right.
So x = 120

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question13
When a beam of white light is allowed to pass through convex lens
parallel to principal axis, the different colours of light converge at
different point on the principle axis after refraction. This is called:
[24-Jan-2023 Shift 2]
Options:

A. Scattering

B. Chromatic aberration

C. Spherical aberration

D. Polarisation
Answer: B

Solution:

Based on fact.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question14
A convex lens of refractive index 1.5 and focal length 18 cm in air is
immersed in water. The change in focal length of the lens will be cm.
( . Given refractive index of water = 4
3 )
[24-Jan-2023 Shift 2]

Answer: 54

Solution:

( )(
µg
fH
I
2
O
=
µH O
2
−1
2
R )
=
1
8 ( R2 )
1
=
(4fair)
So, fH O = 4f air = 72 cm
2

So change in focal length = 72 − 18 = 54 cm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question15
A ray of light is incident from air on a glass plate having thickness
√3 cm and refractive index √2 . The angle of incidence of a ray is equal to
the critical angle for glass-air interface. The lateral displacement of the
ray when it passes through the plate is ×10− 2 cm. (given sin 15∘ = 0.26 )
[25-Jan-2023 Shift 1]

Answer: 52

Solution:
 1
sin c =
√2
∘
c = 45
sin c = µsin θ
1
= √2 sin θ
√2
∘
θ = 30
Lateral displacement:
x = tsin (i − r) secr
∘ ∘ ∘
x = √3 sin (45 − 30 ) sec30
x = √3 (0.26)
2
√3( )
X = 0.52 cm
x = 52 × 10−2 cm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question16
The light rays from an object have been reflected towards an observer
from a standard flat mirror, the image observed by the observer are :-
A. Real
B. Erect
C. Smaller in size then object
D. Laterally inverted
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
[25-Jan-2023 Shift 2]
Options:

A. B and D only

B. B and C only

C. A and D only

D. A, C and D only

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Plane mirror forms erect, same sized, laterally inverted and virtual image of real object.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question17
An object is placed on the principal axis of convex lens of focal length
10 cm as shown. A plane mirror is placed on the other side of lens at a
distance of 20 cm. The image produced by the plane mirror is 5 cm
inside the mirror. The distance of the object from the lens is _____ cm.

[25-Jan-2023 Shift 2]

Answer: 30

Solution:

f = 10 cm
1 1 1
− =
v u f
1 1 1
− =
15 −u 10
1 1 1
⇒ = −
u 10 15
On solving we get value of u as 30 cm.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question18
A scientist is observing a bacteria through a compound microscope. For
better analysis and to improve its resolving power he should. (Select the
best option)
[29-Jan-2023 Shift 2]
Options:

A. Increase the wave length of the light

B. Increase the refractive index of the medium between the object and objective lens

C. Decrease the focal length of the eye piece

D. Decrease the diameter of the objective lens

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
2µsin θ
P=
1.22λ

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question19
A person has been using spectacles of power-1.0 diopter for distant
vision and a separate reading glass of power 2.0 diopters. What is the
least distance of distinct vision for this person:
[30-Jan-2023 Shift 1]
Options:

A. 10 cm

B. 40 cm

C. 30 cm

D. 50 cm

Answer: D

Solution:

1 1 1
− =
v u f
−1
P = 2D = 2m
1 2 −1
⇒ = cm
f 100
1
V
− − ( 1
25
= ) 2
100
1 1 1
⇒ = −
V 50 25
⇒ V = −50 cm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question20
In an experiment for estimating the value of focal length of converging
mirror, image of an object placed at 40 cm from the pole of the mirror is
formed at distance 120 cm from the pole of the mirror. These distances
are measured with a modified scale in which there are 20 small
divisions in 1 cm. The value of error in measurement of focal length of
the mirror is 1 ∕ K cm. The value of K is ________.
[30-Jan-2023 Shift 1]
Answer: 3

Solution:

1 1 1
+ =
v u f
−1 1 1
− = , f = −30 cm
120 40 f
Now,
−1 d v − 1 d u = − 1 d f
v2 u2 f2
1
Also dv = du = cm
20
1 1
20 20
∴ + = df 2
(120)2 (40)2 (30)
On solving
1
df = cm
32
∴ k = 32

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question21
∘
A thin prism P1 with an angle 6 and made of glass of refractive index
1.54 is combined with another prism P2 made from glass of refractive
index 1.72 to produce dispersion without average deviation. The angle
of prism P2 is :
[30-Jan-2023 Shift 2]
Options:
∘
A. 6
∘
B. 1.3
∘
C. 7.8
∘
D. 4.5

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
δ1 = δ2 [for no average deviation]
∘
⇒6 (1.54 − 1) = A(1.72 − 1)
6∘ × 0.54
⇒A =
0.72
∘
18 ∘
= = 4.5
4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question22
In a medium the speed of light wave decreases to 0.2 times to its speed
in free space The ratio of relative permittivity to the refractive index of
the medium is x : 1. The value of x is _______.
(Given speed of light in free space = 3 × 108m s−1 and for the given
medium µr = 1 )
[31-Jan-2023 Shift 1]

Answer: 5

Solution:

C C C
V= ⇒µ= =
µ V 0.2C
µ=5
µ = √E rµr
µ2
⇒Er=
µr
Er µ
∴ = =5
µ µr

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question23
A microscope is focused on an object at the bottom of a bucket. If liquid
with refractive index - is poured inside the bucket, then microscope
have to be raised by 30 cm to focus the object again. The height of the
liquid in the bucket is :
[31-Jan-2023 Shift 2]
Options:

A. 75 cm

B. 50 cm

C. 18 cm

D. 12 cm

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Shift = ( d − dµ ) = 30 cm
 [ ]
1
⇒d 1−= 30
5
3
30 × 5
⇒d = = 75 cm
2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question24
A thin cylindrical rod of length 10 cm is placed horizontally on the
principle axis of a concave mirror of focal length 20 cm. The rod is
placed in a such a way that mid point of the rod is at 40 cm from the
pole of mirror. The length of the image formed by the mirror will be
x
3
cm. The value of x is _______.
[1-Feb-2023 Shift 1]

Answer: 32

Solution:

U A = −45 cm, f = −20 cm

−45 × (−20) −900
VA= = = −36 cm
−45 − (−20) 25
And U B = −35 cm
−35 × (−20) 700
∴VB= =
−35 − (−20) −15
∴ V A − V B = length of image

= ( −36 + 140
3 )
cm
−108 + 140
= cm
3
32
= cm
3
∴ x = 32
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question25
Two objects A and B are placed at 15 cm and 25 cm from the pole in
front of a concave mirror having radius of curvature 40 cm. The distance
between images formed by the mirror is:
[1-Feb-2023 Shift 2]
Options:

A. 40 cm

B. 60 cm

C. 160 cm

D. 100 cm

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:

by mirror formula
1 1 1
+ =
v u f
1 1 1
+ =
v1 −15 (−20)
1 1 1
=− +
v1 20 15
−3 + 4
=
60
v1 = 60 cm
1 1 1
+ =
v2 (−25) (−20)
1 −1 1
= +
v2 20 25
−5 + 4 −1
= =
100 100
v2 = −100 cm
d = 60 + 100 = 160 cm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question26
A monochromatic light wave with wavelength λ1 and frequency v1 in air
enters another medium. If the angle of incidence and angle of refraction
∘ ∘
at the interface are 45 and 30 respectively, then the wavelength λ2 and
frequency v2 of the refracted wave are :
[6-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Options:

A. λ2 = 1 λ1, v2 = v1
√2

B. λ2 = λ1, v2 = 1 v1
√2

C. λ2 = λ1, v2 = √2 v1
D. λ2 = √2 λ1, v2 = v1

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
1 × sin 45 = µsin 30
1 1
⇒ = µ×
√2 2
⇒ µ = √2 −−− − (i)
µ1 V2 λ
Now, = = 2 −−− − (ii)
µ2 V1 λ1
Using eq (i) and (ii),
1
λ2 = λ
√2 1
1
And V 2 = V
√2 1
Now, for relation between frequencies,
v
Frequency, v =
λ
v v λ
Or 1 = 1 × 2 = 1
v2 v2 λ1
v1 = v2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question27
A pole is vertically submerged in swimming pool, such that it gives a
length of shadow 2.15m within water when sunlight is incident at an
angle of 30∘ with the surface of water. If swimming pool is filled to a
height of 1.5m, then the height of the pole above the water surface in
centimeters is (nw = 4 ∕ 3) ________.
[6-Apr-2023 shift 1]

Answer: 50

Solution:

Solution:
4
sin 60 = sin r
3
3 √3 3√3
⇒ sin r = × = −− − (i)
4 2 8
cos r = 1−
√ 27
64
=
√37
8
= 0.75

⇒ tanr =
27
37√
x
⇒ = 0.85
1.5
⇒ x = 0.85 × 1.5 = 1.275m
y y
tan 30 = =
2.15 − 1.275 0.875
 0.875
y= = 0.50
1.732
So length of pole above water surface = 0.50m = 50 cm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question28
A 2 meter long scale with least count of 0.2 cm is used to measure the
locations of objects on an optical bench. While measuring the focal
length of a convex lens, the object pin and the convex lens are placed at
80 cm mark and 1m mark., respectively. The image of the object pin on
the other side of lens coincides with image pin that is kept at 180 cm
mark. The \% error in the estimation of focal length is :
[6-Apr-2023 shift 2]
Options:

A. 0.51

B. 1.02

C. 0.85

D. 1.70

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Based on the data provided
U = 100 − 80 = 20 cm
V = 180 − 100 = 80 cm
1 1 1 uv 20 × 80
Using = + or f = = or f = 16 cm
f v u u+v 20 + 80
For error analysis,
1 1 1
= +
f v u
Differentiating
− Df = − Dv − ∆u
f2 v2 u2
To calculate ∆u& ∆ v
U = (100 ± 2) − (80 ± 0.2) = (20 ± 0.4) cm
Therefore ∆u = 0.4 cm,
Similarly ∆v = 0.4 cm.
Now
∆f
f
=f [ ∆v
v
+ ∆u ]
2
u 2

∆f
f
= 16 [
0.4
(80)
2
+
0.4
(20)
2 ]
(Note: every data is in cm )
∆f
f
=
16 × 0.4 1
(20)
2
4
2 [
+1 ]
17 17 × 0.4
= 16 × 20.4 × =
20 16 400
∆f 17 × 0.4
% Error : × 100 = × 1000
f 400
= 1.7

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question29
Given below are two statements : one is labelled as assertion A and the
other is labelled as Reason R
Assertion A : The phase difference of two light wave change if they
travel through different media having same thickness, but different
indices of refraction
Reason R : The wavelengths of waves are different in different media.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate
answer from the options given below
[6-Apr-2023 shift 2]
Options:

A. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A

B. A is not correct but R is correct

C. A is correct but R is not correct

D. Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the correct explanation of A

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Both the statements are true
As we know speed of light in a medium
c c
v= or fλ =
µ µ
1
therefore λ ∝
µ
2π
when light will travel through two different mediums their phase difference will change ∆Q = ∆x
λ
and R is correction explanation
Question30
In a reflecting telescope, a secondary mirror is used to:
[8-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Options:

A. Make chromatic aberration zero

B. Reduce the problem of mechanical support

C. Move the eyepiece outside the telescopic tube

D. Remove spherical aberration

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:

To move the eye piece outside the telescopic tube

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question31
Two vertical parallel mirrors A and B are separated by 10 cm. A point
object O is placed at a distance of 2 cm from mirror A. The distance of
the second nearest image behind mirror A from the mirror A is ________
cm.

[8-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Answer: 18

Solution:

Solution:

d = 2 + 16
d = 18 cm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question32
Two transparent media having refractive indices 1.0 and 1.5 are
separated by a spherical refracting surface of radius of curvature 30 cm.
The centre of curvature of surface is towards denser medium and a
point object is placed on the principle axis in rarer medium at a
distance of 15 cm from the pole of the surface. The distance of image
from the pole of the surface is ______ cm.
[8-Apr-2023 shift 2]

Answer: 30

Solution:

1.5 1 1.5 − 1
− =
v (−15) 30
1.5 1 1 1−4
⇒ − − =
v 60 15 60
V = −30 cm
= 30 cm
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question33
An object is placed at a distance of 12 cm in front of a plane mirror. The
virtual and erect image is formed by the mirror. Now the mirror is
moved by 4 cm towards the stationary object. The distance by which the
position of image would be shifted, will be
[10-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Options:

A. 4 cm towards mirror

B. 8 cm away from mirror

C. 2 cm towards mirror

D. 8 cm towards mirror

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:

8 cm towards mirror
Image will be shifted 8 cm towards mirror.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question34
A point object, ' O ' is placed in front of two thin symmetrical coaxial
convex lenses L1 and L2 with focal length 24 cm and 9 cm respectively.
The distance between two lenses is 10 cm and the object is placed 6 cm
away from lens L1 as shown in the figure. The distance between the
object and the image formed by the system of two lenses is ________ cm.
[10-Apr-2023 shift 2]

Answer: 18

Solution:

Solution:
Due to lens L1

u = −6m
f = +24m
1 1 1
− =
v u f
1 1 1 1−4
= − = ⇒ v = −8m
v 24 6 24
Due to lens L2

U = −18m
F = +9m
1 1 1
− = x
v u f
1 1 1
− =
v 9 18
1 2−1
V= =
v 18
V = 18m

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question35
The critical angle for a denser-rarer interface is 45∘. The speed of light
in rarer medium is 3 × 108m ∕ s. The speed of light in the denser
medium is :
[11-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Options:
8
A. 2.12 × 10 m ∕ s

B. 5 × 107m ∕ s

C. 3.12 × 107m ∕ s

D. √2 × 108m ∕ s

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
µ µ
Sin ic = r ⇒ sin 45∘ = r
µd µd
µr
⇒ = √2 . . . (1)
µd
We know
1 V µ
V∝ ⇒ d= r
µ Vr µd
Vd 1
= =
3 × 108 √2
3
Vd = × 108 = 3 × 0.7 × 108
√2
Vd = 2.12 × 108m ∕ sec
Ans. Option (1)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question36
The radius of curvature of each surface of a convex lens having
refractive index 1.8 is 20 cm. The lens is now immersed in a liquid of
refractive index 1.5. The ratio of power of lens in air to its power in the
liquid will be x : 1. The value of x is ________.
[11-Apr-2023 shift 1]

Answer: 4

Solution:

1
f
= ( µℓ
µm
−1 )( 1
R
−
1
−R )
P1 =
2 1.8
R 1
−1 ( ]
2 1.6
P1 = (0.8) = . . . (1)
R R
Now,
P2 =
2 1.8
R 1.5
−1 [ ]
P2 =
2
R[ 0.3
1.5 ]
=
2 1
× =
R 5 5R
2

P air
=
P
=1
( R )
1.6
=
4
P liquid P 2
( R) 1
0.4

Ans. →4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question37
When one light ray is reflected from a plane mirror with 30∘ angle of
reflection, the angle of deviation of the ray after reflection is:
[11-Apr-2023 shift 2]
Options:

A. 140∘

B. 130∘

C. 120∘
∘
D. 110

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:

δ = Π − 2i = Π − 2 × 30
 = 180 − 60 = 120∘

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question38
As shown in the figure, a plane mirror is fixed at a height of 50 cm from
the bottom of tank containing water ( µ = ) . The height of water in
4
3
the tank is 8 cm. A small bulb is placed at the bottom of the water tank.
The distance of image of the bulb formed by mirror from the bottom of
the tank is ________ cm.

[11-Apr-2023 shift 2]

Answer: 98

Solution:

Solution:

d
Apparent depth of O = =6
µ
Distance between O and I2 = 48 + 50 = 98 cm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question39
An ice cube has a bubble inside. When viewed from one side the
apparent distance of the bubble is 12 cm. When viewed from the
opposite side, the apparent distance of the bubble is observed as 4 cm. If
the side of the ice cube is 24 cm, the refractive index of the ice cube is
[12-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Options:

4
A. 3
B. 3
2

2
C. 3

D. 6
5

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Question says small bubble is trapped inside a cube of length 24 cm. If apparent distance of bubble is 12 cm and 4 cm
from one and other side and find x = ?

Apparent depth µ
Using = 2
Realdepth µ1
µ2 = 1 µ1 is glass
µ1 = µ µ2 is air
12 1
=
d1 µ
12µ = d1 1
= ⇒ (1)
4 µ
d2
d1 + d2 = 24m ⇒ 12µ + 4µ = 24 ⇒ d2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question40
Two convex lenses of focal length 20 cm each are placed coaxially with a
separation of 60 cm between them. The image of the distant object
formed by the combination is at _______ cm from the first lens.

[12-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Answer: 100

Solution:

Solution:
For I st lens
1 1 1
− =
V1 ∞ 20
V1 = 20 cm
For 2 nd lens
1 1 1
− =
V2 −40 20
V2 = 40 cm
So dist = 40 + 60 = 100 cm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question41
A vessel of depth ' d ' is half filled with oil of refractive index n1 and the
other half is filled with water of refractive index n2. The apparent depth
of this vessel when viewed from above will be -
[13-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Options:

d (n1 + n2)
A. 2n1n2

dn n
B. (n +1 n2 )
1 2

dn1n2
C.
2(n1 + n2)

2d (n1 + n2)
D. n1n2

Answer: A

Solution:

d n2d
(d )1 = =
( )
spp
n1 2n1
2
n2
d
(d spp)1 +
2
(dapp)2 =
n2
 =
( n2
n1
+1 ) d
2
n2
(n1 + n2)d
(d spp)2 =
2n1n2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question42
A fish rising vertically upward with a uniform velocity of 8ms−1,
observes that a bird is diving vertically downward towards the fish with
−1
the velocity of 12ms . If the refractive index of water is 43 , then the
actual velocity of the diving bird to pick the fish, will be _________ ms−1.
[13-Apr-2023 shift 1]

Answer: 3

Solution:

Solution:

d app = d1 + µd
v app = v1 + µv
4
12 = 8 + v
3
4
4= v
3
v = 3m ∕ s

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question43
A bi convex lens of focal length 10 cm is cut in two identical parts along
a plane perpendicular to the principal axis. The power of each lens after
cut is ________ D.
[13-Apr-2023 shift 2]

Answer: 5

Solution:
 1
P1 + P1 = P =
f
1
2P1 =
0.1
P1 = 5D

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question44
The refractive index of a transparent liquid filled in an equilateral
hollow prism is √2 . The angle of minimum deviation for the liquid will
be ________.
[15-Apr-2023 shift 1]

Answer: 30

Solution:

For minimum deviation

A 60
r= = = 30∘
2 2

1sin i = √2sin r
sin i = √2 × sin 30∘
1
sin i =
√2
∘
i = 45
δmin = 2i − A = 90 − 60 = 30∘
δmin = 30∘
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question45
Two identical thin biconvex lens of focal length 15 cm and refractive
index 1.5 are in contact with each other. The space between the lenses
is filled with a liquid of refractive index 1.25. The focal length of the
combination is _____cm.
[24-Jun-2022-Shift-1]
Answer: 10

Solution:
1
fl
=
µe
µm (
−1
1
R1
−
1
R2 )( )
here | R1 | = | R2 | = R

⇒
1
fl
= (1.5 − 1) ( R2 ) = 1
15
1

1 1
⇒ = or R = 15 cm
R 15
for the concave lens made up of liquid
1
fl
= (1.25 − 1) −
2
R
=−
1
30 (cm )
2

now for equivalent lens

1 2 1
= +
fe fl fl
1 2

2 1 3 1
= − = =
15 30 30 10
or f e = 10 cm
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question46
A ray of light is incident at an angle of incidence 60∘ on the glass slab of
refractive index √3 . After refraction, the light ray emerges out from
other parallel faces and lateral shift between incident ray and emergent
ray is 4√3 cm. The thickness of the glass slab is_____ cm.
[24-Jun-2022-Shift-2]

Answer: 12

Solution:
 ∘
1 × sin 60 = √3 × sin r
∘
⇒r = 30
∴l 1 = 4√3 × 2
= 8√3 cm
∘
∴ Thickness, t = l 1 cos 30
√3
= 8√3 ×
2
=4×3
= 12 cm
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question47
A light wave travelling linearly in a medium of dielectric constant 4,
incidents on the horizontal interface separating medium with air. The
angle of incidence for which the total intensity of incident wave will be
reflected back into the same medium will be :
(Given : relative permeability of medium µr = 1 )
[25-Jun-2022-Shift-1]
Options:
∘
A. 10
∘
B. 20
∘
C. 30

D. 60∘

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
n = √K µ = 2( n⇒ refractive index )
So for TIR
θ > sin−1
1
n ( )
θ > 30
Only option is 60∘

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question48
The difference of speed of light in the two media A and B(vA − vB) is
7
2.6 × 10 m ∕ s. If the refractive index of medium B is 1.47, then the ratio
of refractive index of medium B to medium A is : (Given : speed of light
in vacuum .c = 3 × 108ms−1 )
[25-Jun-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. 1.303
B. 1.318

C. 1.13

D. 0.12

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
c
Speed of light in a medium =
n
⇒ According to given information,
c c
− = 2.6 × 107
nA nB
n 2.6 × 107
⇒ B−1= × nB
nA 3 × 108
n
⇒ B ≃ 1.13
nA

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question49
A light whose electric field vectors are completely removed by using a
good polaroid, allowed to incident on the surface of the prism at
Brewster's angle. Choose the most suitable option for the phenomenon
related to the prism.
[25-Jun-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. Reflected and refracted rays will be perpendicular to each other.

B. Wave will propagate along the surface of prism.

C. No refraction, and there will be total reflection of light.

D. No refraction, and there will be total transmission of light.

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
When electric field vector is completely removed and incident on Brewster's angle then only refraction takes place.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question50
A light ray is incident, at an incident angle θ1, on the system of tow
plane mirrors M 1 and M 2 having an inclination angle 75∘ between them
(as shown in figure). After reflecting from mirror M 1 it gets reflected
back by the mirror M 2 with an angle of reflection 30∘. The total
deviation of the ray will be_____ degree.

[26-Jun-2022-Shift-1]

Answer: 210

Solution:

On first reflection angel of deviation is 90∘ and on second reflection angle of deviation is 120∘
∘ ∘ ∘
So total deviation is δ = 90 + 120 = 210

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question51
A small bulb is placed at the bottom of a tank containing water to a
depth of √7 m. The refractive index of water is 43 . The area of the surface
of water through which light from the bulb can emerge out is xπm2. The
value of x is____
[26-Jun-2022-Shift-2]

Answer: 9

Solution:
 sin ic
So r = h
√ 1 − sin2ic
So A = πr2
πh2sin2ic
=
1 − sin2ic
9
π7 ×
16 π×7×9
= = = 9π
9 7
1−
16

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question52
Consider a light ray travelling in air is incident into a medium of
refractive index √2n . The incident angle is twice that of refracting
angle. Then, the angle of incidence will be :
[27-Jun-2022-Shift-1]
Options:
−1
A. sin (√n )

B. cos−1 (√ ) n
2

−1
C. sin (√2n )

D. 2cos−1 (√ ) n
2

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
According to the law,
1 × sin θ = √2n × sin ( 2θ )
⇒cos
θ
2
= √ n
2

⇒θ = 2cos−1 ( √ n2 )
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question53
A convex lens has power P. It is cut into two halves along its principal
axis. Further one piece (out of the two halves) is cut into two halves
perpendicular to the principal axis (as shown in figures). Choose the
incorrect option for the reported pieces.

[27-Jun-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

P
A. Power of L1 = 2

B. Power of L2 = P
2

C. Power of L3 = P
2

D. Power of L1 = P

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
We know P =
1
f ( R1 − R1 )
= (µ − 1)
1 2

= P = (µ − 1) (
R)
= (µ − 1) (
R )
1 1 1 2
L1 : − 1 =P
f1 R 1 2

= (µ − 1) (
R )
1 1 µ−1
L2 : =P = 2
f2 1 R

= (µ − 1) ( −
R )
1 1 µ−1
L3 : =P = 3
f3 2 R

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question54
The refracting angle of a prism is A and refractive index of the material
of the prism is cot(A ∕ 2). Then the angle of minimum deviation will be -
[28-Jun-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. 180 − 2A

B. 90 − A

C. 180 + 2A

D. 180 − 3A

Answer: A
Solution:

Solution:

µ=
sin (δ 2
m
+A
) = cot A ∕ 2
sin (A ∕ 2)

⇒cos A ∕ 2 = sin (δm

+A
2
)
π A δ +A
⇒ − = m
2 2 2
⇒π − 2A = δm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question55
The aperture of the objective is 24.4 cm. The resolving power of this
o
telescope, if a light of wavelength 2440A is used to see th object will be :
[28-Jun-2022-Shift-1]
Options:
6
A. 8.1 × 10
7
B. 10.0 × 10
5
C. 8.2 × 10

D. 1.0 × 10−8

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
1
R.P. =
1.22λ ∕ a
−2
24.4 × 10
=
1.22 × 2440 × 10−10
= 8.2 × 105

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question56
A parallel beam of light is allowed to fall on a transparent spherical
globe of diameter 30 cm and refractive index 1.5. The distance from the
centre of the globe at which the beam of light can converge is_____ mm.
[29-Jun-2022-Shift-1]

Answer: 225
Solution:

1.5 0.5
1st refraction: −0=
v1 15
⇒v1 = 45 cm
1 1.5 −0.5
2nd refraction : − =
v2 15 −15
1 1 1
⇒ = +
v2 30 10
4
=
30
⇒v2 = +7.5 cm
⇒ Distance from centre = 22.5 cm = 225 mm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question57
10
The speed of light in media 'A' and 'B' are 2.0 × 10 cm ∕ s and
1.5 × 1010 cm ∕ s respectively. A ray of light enters from the medium B to
A at an incident angle ' θ '. If the ray suffers total internal reflection,
then
[29-Jun-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. θ = sin
−1
( )3
4

B. θ > sin−1 ( )2
3

C. θ < sin−1 ( )3
4

D. θ > sin
−1
( )3
4

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
8
3 × 10
µA = 8
= 1.5
2 × 10
3 × 108
µB = =2
1.5 × 108
For TIR
θ > ic

θ > sin −1 ( 1.5

2 )
θ > sin −1 ( 34 )
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question58
Which of the following statement is correct?
[25-Jul-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. In primary rainbow, observer sees red colour on the top and violet on the bottom

B. In primary rainbow, observer sees violet colour on the top and red on the bottom

C. In primary rainbow, light wave suffers total internal reflection twice before coming out of
water drops.

D. Primary rainbow is less bright than secondary rainbow.

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
In primary rainbow, observer sees red colour on the top and violet on the bottom.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question59
Time taken by light to travel in two different materials A and B of
refractive indices µA and µB of same thickness is t1 and t2 respectively. If
t2 − t1 = 5 × 10−10 s and the ratio of µA to µB is 1 : 2. Then, the thickness
of material, in meter is: (Given vA and vB are velocities of light in A and
B materials respectively.)
[25-Jul-2022-Shift-1]
Options:
−10
A. 5 × 10 vAm

−10
B. 5 × 10 m
−10
C. 1.5 × 10 m

D. 5 × 10−10vBm

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
t2 − t1 = 5 × 10−10
 d d
⇒ − = 5 × 10−10
vB vA
v µ 1
and, B = A =
vA µB 2

⇒d ( 1−
vB
vA ) = 5 × 10−10 × vB

⇒d ( 1 − 12 ) = 5 × 10 −10
× vB
−10
⇒d = 10 × 10 × vBm
⇒d = 5 × 10−10 × vAm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question60
For an object placed at a distance 2.4m from a lens, a sharp focused
image is observed on a screen placed at a distance 12cm from the lens.
A glass plate of refractive index 1.5 and thickness 1cm is introduced
between lens and screen such that the glass plate plane faces parallel to
the screen. By what distance should the object be shifted so that a sharp
focused image is observed again on the screen?
[25-Jul-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. 0.8m

B. 3.2m

C. 1.2m

D. 5.6m

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
The shift produced by the glass plate is
d =t 1− ( 1
µ )
=1× 1−
1
1.5 ( 1
= cm
3 )
So final image must be produced at ( 12 − 13 ) cm = 35
3
cm from lens so that glass plate must shift it to produce image at
screen. So
1 1 1 1 1
− = = −
12 −240 f 35 ∕ 3 u
1 3 1 1
= − −
u 35 12 240
or u = −560cm
so shift = 5.6 − 2.4 = 3.2m

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question61
A convex lens of focal length 20cm is placed in front of a convex mirror
with principal axis coinciding each other. The distance between the lens
and mirror is 10cm. A point object is placed on principal axis at a
distance of 60cm from the convex lens. The image formed by
combination coincides the object itself. The focal length of the convex
mirror is ___cm.
[25-Jul-2022-Shift-2]
Answer: 10

Solution:

1 1 1
+ =
v u f
1 1 1
− =
v −60 20
1 1 1 −1 + 3 2
=− + = =
v 60 20 60 60
⇒v = +30cm
∴ Radius of curvature of mirror = 30 − 10 = 20cm
20
⇒f mirror = = 10cm
2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question62
1 1
The graph between u
and v
for a thin convex lens in order to determine
its focal length is plotted as shown in the figure. The refractive index of
lens is 1.5 and its both the surfaces have same radius of curvature R.
The value of R will be _________ cm. (where u = object distance, v =
image distance)

[26-Jul-2022-Shift-1]
Answer: 10

Solution:
f = 10 cm
1
f
= (µ − 1)
1
R
−
1
−R ( )
1 1.5 − 1 2
= ×
10 1 R
1 1
=
10 R
R = 10 cm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question63
Light travels in two media M 1 and M 2 with speeds 1.5 × 108ms−1 and
2.0 × 108ms−1 respectively. The critical angle between them is :
[26-Jul-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. tan
−1
( ) 3
√7

B. tan
−1
( )2
3

C. cos−1 ( )3
4

D. sin−1 ( )
2
3

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:

c
v=
n
∘
nd sin ic = nr sin 90
n V
sin ic = r = d
nd Vr
1.5 × 108 1.5
sin ic = =
2 × 108 2
 3
sin ic =
4
3 3
tan ic = ⇒
√ 42 − 32 √7

ic = tan−1
3
√7 ( )
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question64
In the given figure, the face AC of the equilateral prism is immersed in
a liquid of refractive index ' n '. For incident angle 60∘ at the side AC,
the refracteel light beam just grazes along face AC. The refractive index
of the liquid n = √x
4 . The value of x is ________.
(Given refractive index of glass = 1.5 )

[26-Jul-2022-Shift-2]

Answer: 27

Solution:

Solution:

Using snell's law at face AC

1.5 sin 60∘ = n × sin 90∘
√3 √x
1.5× =n=
2 4
3√3 = √x
x = 27

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question65
A microscope was initially placed in air (refractive index 1). It is then
immersed in oil (refractive index 2). For a light whose wavelength in air
is λ, calculate the change of microscope's resolving power due to oil and
choose the correct option.
[27-Jul-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. Resolving power will be 1

4
in the oil than it was in the air.

B. Resolving power will be twice in the oil than it was in the air.

C. Resolving power will be four times in the oil than it was in the air.

D. Resolving power will be 1

2
in the oil than it was in the air.

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
2µ sin θ
∵ Resolving power =
1.22λ
P1 µ1 µ1
= ×
P2 µ2 µ2

( ) µ1 2
=
µ2
P1 1
⇒ =
P2 4
⇒P2 = 4P1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question66
∘
A thin prism of angle 6 and refractive index for yellow light (nY)1.5 is
combined with another prism of angle 5∘ and nY = 1.55. The
combination produces no dispersion. The net average deviation (δ)

( )
0
1
produced by the combination is x
. The value of x is ________.

[27-Jul-2022-Shift-2]
Answer: 4

Solution:
δ net = δ1 + δ2
= | (µ1 − 1)A1 − (µ2 − 1)A2 |
= | 3∘ − 2.75∘ |
1∘
δnet =
4
⇒x = 4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question67
As shown in the figure, after passing through the medium 1 . The speed
of light v2 in medium 2 will be:
( . Given .c = 3 × 108ms−1 )

[28-Jul-2022-Shift-1]
Options:
8 −1
A. 1.0 × 10 ms
8 −1
B. 0.5 × 10 ms
8 −1
C. 1.5 × 10 ms
8 −1
D. 3.0 × 10 ms

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
1 1
V = =
√µε √µrεrµ0ε0
c 8
⇒V 2 = = 10 m ∕ s
√9

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question68
In normal adujstment, for a refracting telescope, the distance between
objective and eye piece is 30 cm. The focal length of the objective, when
the angular magnification of the telescope is 2 , will be
[28-Jul-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. 20 cm

B. 30 cm

C. 10 cm

D. 15 cm

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
fo
∵m =
fe
fo
⇒2 = ...... (i)
fe
and, l = f o + f e
⇒30 = f o + f e ..... (ii)
f
⇒30 = f o + o
2
2
⇒30× = f o
3
⇒f o = 20 cm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question69
The power of a lens (biconvex) is 1.25m−1 in particular medium.
Refractive index of the lens is 1.5 and radii of curvature are 20 cm and
40 cm respectively. The refractive index of surrounding medium:
[28-Jul-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. 1.0

B. 9
7

C. 3
2

D. 4
3

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
µ
P = 2 = (µ1 − µ2)
f ( R1 − R1 )
1 2
(For this formula refer to NCERT Part-2, Chapter-9, solved example 8)
( µ1. is refractive index of lens and µ2 is of surrounding medium)

1.25 = (1.5 − µ2) ( 0.2

1
+
0.4 )
1

1.25 × 0.08
= (1.5 − µ2)
0.6
4
⇒µ2 =
3

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question70
An object ' O ' is placed at a distance of 100 cm in front of a concave
mirror of radius of curvature 200 cm as shown in the figure. The object
starts moving towards the mirror at a speed 2 cm ∕ s. The position of the
image from the mirror after 10 s will be at ____cm.

[28-Jul-2022-Shift-2]

Answer: 400

Solution:

Solution:
After 10 sec.
u = −80 cm
f = −100 cm
1 1 1
+ =
v u f
v = 400 cm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question71
The X − Y plane be taken as the boundary between two transparent
media M1 and M2 ⋅ M1 in Z ≥ 0 has a refractive index of √2 and M 2 with
Z < 0 has a refractive index of √3 . A ray of light travelling in M1 along
→ ∧ ∧ ∧
the direction given by the vector P = 4√3 i − 3√3 j − 5k, is incident on the
plane of separation. The value of difference between the angle of
incident in M1 and the angle of refraction in M2 will be____ degree.
[29-Jul-2022-Shift-1]
Answer: 15

Solution:

Solution:
→ ∧ ∧ ∧
A = 4√3 i − 3√3 j − 5k

µ1 sini = µ2 sinr
As incident vector A makes i angle with normal z-axis \& refracted vector R makes r angle with normal z - axis with help
of direction cosine

i = cos−1 ( )
Az
A
= cos−1
(
5
√ (4√3)2 + (3√3)2 + 52 )
= cos−1 ( 105 ) ⇒ i = 60 ∘

√2 sin 60 = √3 × sin r
∘
r = 45
Difference between i&r = 60 − 45 = 15

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question72
∘
Light enters from air into a given medium at an angle of 45 with
interface of the air-medium surface. After refraction, the light ray is
deviated through an angle of 15∘ from its original direction. The
refractive index of the medium is:
[29-Jul-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. 1.732

B. 1.333

C. 1.414

D. 2.732

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Let, refractive index of medium = µ
∴r + 15∘ = 45∘
⇒r = 30∘
Using Snell's law,
1. sin 45∘ = sin 30∘ × µ
1 1
⇒ = ×µ
√2 2
2
⇒µ = = √2 = 1.141
√2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question73
The focal length f is related to the radius of curvature r of the spherical
convex mirror by :
[24feb2021shift1]
Options:

A. f = +frac 1 2 r

B. f = −r

C. f = −frac 1 2 r

D. f = r

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
r
For convex mirror, focus is behind the mirror. So, its focal length (f ) is positive. ∴ f = +
2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question74
The incident ray, reflected ray and the outward drawn normal are
denoted by the unit vectors a, b and c, respectively. Then, choose the
correct relation for these vectors.
[26 Feb 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. b = a + 2c

B. b = 2a + c
C. b = a − 2(a ⋅ c)c

D. b = a − c

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
∧ ∧ ∧
Taking component of a, b and c along i , j and k.

∧ ∧
a = sin θ i − cos θ j
∧ ∧
b = sin θ i + cos θ j
∧
c= j
Now, on solving option (c), we get
( ∧
a − 2(a ⋅ c)c = sin θ i − cos θ j − 2
∧
) [ ( sin θ ∧i − cos θ ∧j ) ⋅ ∧j ] ∧j
∧ ∧
= sin θ i + cos θ j
=b

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question75
A point source of light S, placed at a distance 60cm in front of the
centre of a plane mirror of width 50cm, hangs vertically on a wall. A
man walks in front of the mirror along a line parallel to the mirror at a
distance 1.2m from it (see in the figure). The distance between the
extreme points, where he can see the image of the light source in the
mirror is ......... cm.

[26 Feb 2021 Shift 2]

Answer: 150

Solution:

Given, length of mirror, m = 50cm = 50 × 10−2m

Distance of source from mirror, d = 60cm
= 60 × 10−2m Distance of man from mirror, d m = 1.2m
By using the concept of ray diagram of plane mirror shown below
Now, using the concept of similar triangle,
∆H Al ∼ △GAE and ∆ BAl ∼ ∆CAE
AI HI
∴ =
AE EG
0.60 0.25
⇒ =
1.8 EG
1.8
⇒ E G = 0.25× = 0.25 × 3 = 0.75m
0.6
As, CG = 2E G
⇒ CG = 0.75 × 2 = 1.50m
AI HI
=
AE EG
0.60 0.25
⇒ =
1.8 EG
1.8
⇒ E G = 0.25× = 0.25 × 3 = 0.75m
0.6
As, CG = 2E G
⇒ CG = 0.75 × 2 = 1.50m
Hence, distance between the extreme points, where he can see image of light source in mirror is 150cm.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question76
A short straight object of height 100cm lies before the central axis of a
spherical mirror, whose focal length has absolute value f = 40cm. The
image of object produced by the mirror is of height 25cm and has the
same orientation of the object. One may conclude from the information.
[26 Feb 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

A. Image is real, same side of concave mirror

B. Image is virtual, opposite side of concave mirror

C. Image is real, same side of convex mirror

D. Image is virtual, opposite side of convex mirror

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Given, height of object, ho = 100cm
Focal length of mirror, f = 40cm
Height of image, hi = 25cm
Nature of image is erect means virtual.
As, hi is less than ho,
so mirror used is convex mirror.
Hence, (d) is correct option, i.e. image is virtual, opposite and is convex.
Question77
The same size images are formed by a convex lens when the object is
placed at 20cm or at 10cm from the lens. The focal length of convex
lens is ........... cm.
[25 Feb 2021 Shift 1]

Answer: 15

Solution:

Solution:
Let v be the position of image, h be the height of image and ho be the height of object.
Given, hi = ho
Since, magnification, m = hi ∕ ho = hi ∕ h . . . (i)
By using lens formula,
1∕f =1∕v−1∕u⇒1∕v=1∕f +1∕u
fu
v=
u+f
v f
m= =
u f +u
Now, from Eq. (i), m can be ±1.
f
For, m = +1 = . . . (ii)
−10 + f
f
For m = −1 = . . . (iii)
−20 + f
On dividing Eq. (iii) by Eq. (ii), we get
−10 + f
−1 =
−20 + f
⇒ 20 − f = −10 + f ⇒ 30 = 2f
⇒ f = 15cm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question78
Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the
other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) For a simple microscope, the angular size of the object
equals the angular size of the image.
Reason (R) Magnification is achieved as the small object can be kept
much closer to the eye than 25cm and hence, it subtends a large angle.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate
answer from the options given below.
[26 Feb 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. A is true but R is false.

B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

C. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

D. A is false but R is true.

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
The formation of image with simple microscope is shown below.

h h′ h′
Here, θ′ = = =
u0 D 25
where, D = 25cm (least distance of distinct vision)
′
Here, θ is same for both object and image, hence Assertion is true.
θ′ D
Magnification, m = =
θ u0
Hence, if u0 < D(25cm), hence the value of θ′ will obtain large. So, option (c) is the correct.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question79
Three rays of light, namely red (R), green (G) and blue (B) are incident
on the face PQ of a right angled prism PQR as shown in figure

The refractive indices of the material of the prism for red, green and
blue wavelength are 1.27, 1.42 and 1.49, respectively. The colour of the
ray(s) emerging out of the face PR is
[18 Mar 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. green

B. red

C. blue and green

D. blue

Answer: B
Solution:

Solution:
From the given figure,

We know that,
1
µ=
sin iC
Here, ic is the critical angle of incidence and µ is the refractive index.
µ= 1 ⇒ µ = 1.414
sin 45∘
The rays will emerge out when angle of incidence is less than the angle of critical angle of glass-air interface PR.
As µR < µ while µC and µB > µ, so only red colour will be transmitted through face PR while green and blue rays will suffer
total internal reflection.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question80
The angle of deviation through a prism is minimum when

A. incident ray and emergent ray are symmetric to the prism

B. the refracted ray inside the prism becomes parallel to its base
C. angle of incidence is equal to that of the angle of emergence
D. angle of emergence is double the angle of incidence
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
[16 Mar 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

A. Statements (A), (B) and (C) are true.

B. Only statement (D) is true.

C. Only statements (A) and (B) are true.

D. Statements (B) and (C) are true.

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
The propagation of light ray from a prism is shown below
From the above figure, we can say that minimum value of angle of deviation can only be achieved when
A. incident ray and emergent ray are symmetric to the prism.
B. the refracted ray inside the prism becomes parallel to its base.
C. angle of incidence is equal to angle of emergence.
∴Statement (A), (B) and (C) are true.
Note Refracted ray inside the prism is parallel to the base only for equilateral and isosceles prism.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question81
The image of an object placed in air formed by a convex refracting
surface is at a distance of 10m behind the surface. The image is real
and is at 23 of the distance of the object from the surface .The
2
wavelength of light inside the surface is 3
times the wavelength in air.
x
The radius of the curved surface is 13
m. The value of x is
[17 Mar 2021 Shift 2]

Answer: 30

Solution:

Solution:
Given,
Image distance, v = 10m
Object distance, u =
3
2 ( )
× 10 − 15m

and n2 = n1
3
2
∵n ∝ ( 1
λ )
Using the lens Maker's formula,
n2
v
n
− 1=
u
(
n2 − n1
R
)
Substituting the values in the above equation, we get

( )
3 3
n n1 n − n1
2 1 2 1 30
− = ⇒R= m
10 −15 R 13
30
The radius of the curved surface is m.
13
x
Comparing with , we get
13
x = 30

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question82
Red light differs from blue light as they have
[16 Mar 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. different frequencies and different wavelengths

B. different frequencies and same wavelengths

C. same frequencies and same wavelengths

D. same frequencies and different wavelengths

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Since, λv = c = constant
where, λ = wavelength of light
and v = frequency of light.
Red light and blue light have different wavelengths and different frequencies but same speed.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question83
A deviation of 2∘ is produced in the yellow ray when prism of crown and
flint glass are achromatically combined. Taking dispersive powers of
crown and flint glass are 0.02 and 0.03 respectively and refractive index
for yellow light for these glasses are 1.5 and 1.6, respectively. The
refracting angles for crown glass prism will be ...... (in degree).
(Round off to the nearest integer)
[16 Mar 2021 Shift 2]

Answer: 12

Solution:

Solution:
Given
Dispersive power of crown glass, ω1 = 0.02
Dispersive power of flint glass, ω2 = 0.03
Refractive index of yellow light,
for crown glass, µ1 = 1.5 and
for flint glass, µ2 = 1.6
This is a case of achromatic combination.
∴ θ net = 0
⇒ θ1 − θ2 = 0 ⇒ θ1 = θ2
⇒ ω1δ1 = ω2δ2 [∵θ = ωδ]... (i)
and δ net = δ1 − δ2 = 2∘......(ii)
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
ω1δ1 ∘
δ1 − =2
ω2
⇒ δ1 1 −( ω1
ω2 ) = 2∘ ⇒ δ1 1 − ( 2
3 ) =2 ∘

⇒ δ1 = 6∘
Also, δ1 = (µ1 − 1)A1
⇒ 6∘ = (1.5 − 1)A1 ⇒ A1 = 12∘
∴ The refracting angle for crown glass prism will be 12∘.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question84
The thickness at the centre of a plano convex lens is 3mm and the
diameter is 6cm. If the speed of light in the material of the lens is
2 × 108ms−1, then the focal length of the lens is
[17 Mar 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

A. 0.30cm

B. 15cm

C. 1.5cm

D. 30cm

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Given, thickness at the centre of plano-convex lens, t = 3mm = 3 × 10−3m
Diameter of plano-convex lens, d = 6cm
∴ Radius of plano-convex lens, r = 3cm = 3 × 10−2m
Speed of light in lens material, v = 2 × 108ms−1
Speed of light in air
Refractive index =
Speed of light in medium
3 × 108 3
µ= = = 1.5
2 × 108 2
⇒ µ = 1.5

We know that, R2 = (R − t)2 + r2

where, R is the radius of curvature of plano convex lens.
2 2 2 2 2 2
⇒ R = R + t − 2Rt + r ⇒ 2Rt = r + t
2
As, t is small, then t will be very very small, so it can be neglected.
⇒ 2Rt = r2
⇒ R = r2/2t....(i)
From lens Maker's formula, we have
1
f
= (µ − 1)
1
R1(−
1
R2 )
Here R1 = R&R2 = ∞

⇒
1
f
= (µ − 1)
1
R (
−
1
∞ )
1 µ−1
⇒ = ...(ii)
f R
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
 1 r2
= µ − 1(2t) ⇒f =
f r2 (µ − 1)2t
Putting the given values in above equation, we get
(3 × 10−2)2
f = ⇒ f = 0.3m
(1.5 − 1)2 × 3 × 10−3
f = 30cm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question85
The refractive index of a converging lens is 1.4. What will be the focal
length of this lens if it is placed in a medium of same refractive index?
(Assume the radii of curvature of the faces of lens are R1 and R2
respectively)
[16 Mar 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. 1

B. Infinite

R R
C. R 1− R
2

1 2

D. Zero

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Consider a convex lens of refractive index µ2 and µ1 is the refractive index of the medium in which it is placed.

⇒ µ2 = µ1.....(i)
According to the lens Maker's formula,
1
f
= [
µ1
µ2
−1
1
R1 ][
−
1
R2
....(ii) ]
where, f is the focal length of the lens,
R1 and R2 are the radii of curvature of respective faces of lens.
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we can write
1
f
= [1 − 1]
1
R1 [
−
1
R2
=0 ]
1
⇒ = 0 ⇒ f = Infinite
f

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question86
Your friend is having eye sight problem. She is not able to see clearly a
distant uniform window mesh and it appears to her as non-uniform and
distorted. The doctor diagnosed the problem as
[18 Mar 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

A. astigmatism

B. myopia with astigmatism

C. presbyopia with astigmatism

D. myopia and hypermetropia

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
A friend is not seen clearly the distant object, then its diagnosis is myopia because in myopia the distant object is blurry
and it also appear non-uniform and distorted images of the object, then its diagnosis is astigmatism also.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question87
The expected graphical representation of the variation of angle of
deviation 'δ' with angle of incidence 'i' in a prism is :
[27 Jul 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A.

B.

C.

D.
Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Standard graph between angle of deviation and incident angle.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question88
A prism of refractive index n1 and another prism of refractive index n2
are stuck together (as shown in the figure). n1 and n2 depend on λ, the
wavelength of light, according to the relation
−14 −14
n1 = 1.2 + 10.8 ×210 and n2 = 1.45 + 1.8 × 10
2
λ λ
The wavelength for which rays incident at any angle on the interface BC
pass through without bending at that interface will be ________nm.

[27 Jul 2021 Shift 1]

Answer: 600

Solution:

Solution:
For no bending, n1 = n2
10.8 × 10−14 1.8 × 10−4
1.2 + 2
= 1.45 + 2
λ λ
On solving,
−14 2
9 × 10 = 25λ
−7
λ = 6 × 10
λ = 600nm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question89
A ray of light entering from air into a denser medium of refractive index
4
3
, as shown in figure. The light ray suffers total internal reflection at the
adjacent surface as shown. The maximum value of angle theta should be
equal to :

[25 Jul 2021 Shift 2]

Options:

√
A. sin−1 45

√
B. sin−1 37

√
C. sin−1 35

√
D. sin−1 47

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:

At maximum angle θ ray at point B goes in gazing emergence, at all less values of θ, TIR occurs.
At point B
4
× sin θ " = 1 × sin 90°
3
θ" = sin−1 ( )
3
4
θ′ =( π
2
− θ")
At point A
4
1 × sin θ = × sin θ′
3
4
sin θ = × sin
3 (
π
2 )
− θ"
sin θ =
4
3
[
cos cos−1
√7
4
]

4 √7
sin θ = ×
3 4

θ = sin−1 ( √73 )
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question90
A ray of laser of a wavelength 630 nm is incident at an angle of 30° at
the diamond-air interface. It is going from diamond to air. The
refractive index of diamond is 2.42 and that of air is 1. Choose the
correct option.
[25 Jul 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

A. angle of refraction is 24.41°

B. angle of refraction is 30°

C. refraction is not possible

D. angle of refraction is 53.4°

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
1 1
sin θC = = < sin θC
µ 2µ2
sin θ > sin θC
θ > θC
Total internal reflection will happen

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question91
A ray of light passes from a denser medium to a rarer medium at an
angle of incidence i. The reflected and refracted rays make an angle of
90° with each other. The angle of reflection and refraction are
respectively r and r'. The critical angle is given by :
[22 Jul 2021 Shift 2]
Options:
−1
A. sin (cotr)
−1
B. tan (sin i)
−1
C. sin ( tanr' )

D. sin−1( tanr )

Answer: D

Solution:
r + r′ + 90° = 180° ⇒ r′ = 90 − r = 90 − i
n1 sin i = n2 sin r′ = n2 sin(90 − i)
n2
n1 sin i = n2 cos i ⇒ tan i =
n1
n2
Now sin C = = tan i
n1
−1 −1
⇒C = sin (tan i) = sin (tan r)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question92
A ray of light passing through a prism (µ = √3 )suffers minimum
deviation. It is found that the angle of incidence is double the angle of
refraction within the prism. Then, the angle of prism is ________ (in
degrees)
[22 Jul 2021 Shift 2]

Answer: 60

Solution:

A
At minimum deviation r1 = r2 =
2
Also given i = 2r1 = A
Now 1 . sin i = √3 sin r1
A
1 sin A = √3 sin
2
A A A
⇒2 sin cos = √3 sin
2 2 2
A √3 A
⇒cos = ⇒ = 30°
2 2 2
⇒A = 60°

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question93
Region I and II are separated by a spherical surface of radius 25 cm. An
object is kept in region I at a distance of 40 cm from the surface. The
distance of the image from the surface is :

[20 Jul 2021 Shift 1]

Options:

A. 55.44 cm

B. 9.52 cm

C. 18.23 cm

D. 37.58 cm

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
µ2 µ1 µ − µ1
− = 2
v u R
1.4 1.25 1.4 − 1.25
− =
v −40 −25
1.4 0.15 1.25
=− −
v 25 40
v = −37.58cm
Hence option (4)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question94
An object viewed from a near point distance of 25 cm, using a
microscopic lens with magnification '6', gives an unresolved image. A
resolved image is observed at infinite distance with a total
magnification double the earlier using an eyepiece along with the given
lens and a tube of length 0.6 m, if the focal length of the eyepiece is
equal to ______ cm.
[20 Jul 2021 Shift 1]

Answer: 25

Solution:
For simple microscope,
D
m=1+
f0
D
6=1+
f0
25
5=
f0
f 0 = 5cm
For compound microscope,
l .D
m=
f0.fe
60 × 25
12 =
5.fe
f e = 25cm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question95
Two plane mirrors M1 and M2 are at right angle to each other shown. A
point source P is placed at a and 2a meter away from M1 and M2,
respectively. The shortest distance between the images thus formed is
(Take √5 = 2.3)

[31 Aug 2021 Shift 1]

Options:

A. 3a

B. 4.6 a

C. 2.3 a

D. 2√10 a

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
According to the given figure, we have two plane mirror, placed at 90º to each other.
Since, image formed by plane mirror are virtual, erect, same size and at same distance behind mirror.
Let I1 is the image of P due to mirror M1 and I2 is the image of P due to mirror M2
Therefore, the shortest distance between images i.e., between I1 and I2
I1I2 = √ (4a)2 + (2a)2
= √ 16a2 + 4a2
= a√20 = a2√5
= a × 2 × 2.3 = 4.6a
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question96
An object is placed beyond the centre of curvature C of the given
concave mirror. If the distance of the object is d1 from C and the
distance of the image formed is d2 from C, the radius of curvature of
this mirror is
[27 Aug 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

2d1d2
A.
d1 − d2

2d1d2
B.
d1 + d2

d d
C. d 1+ 2d
1 2

d d
D. d 1− 2d
1 2

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
The given situation is shown in the following ray diagram.

In concave mirror, when object is placed beyond C the image is formed between C and focus of mirror.
Consider radius of curvature of mirror is R.
Object distance, u = −(R + d1)
Image distance, v = −(R − d2)
−R
Focal length of mirror, f =
2
Now, from mirror formula, we have
1 1 1 u+v
= + =
f v u uv
⇒uv = f(u + v)
Substituting the values in above expression, we get
R
[−(R + d1)][−(R − d2)] = − (R + d1 + R − d2)
2
⇒2(R2 − d2R + d1R − d1d2) = 2R2 + d1R − d2R
⇒2R2 − 2d2R + 2d1R − 2R2 − d1R + d2R = 2d1d2
⇒d1R − d2R = 2d1d2
2d1d2
⇒R =
d1 − d2
2d1d2
Thus, radius of curvature of mirror is .
d1 − d2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question97
Car B overtakes another car A at a relative speed of 40ms−1. How fast
will the image of car B appear to move in the mirror of focal length
10 cm fitted in car A, when the car B is 1.9m away from the car A ?
[26 Aug 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

A. 4ms−1

B. 0.2ms−1

C. 40ms−1

D. 0.1ms−1

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
According to the question,
Velocity of car B w.r.t. mirror of car A, vBM = 40m ∕ s
Distance of car B from mirror of car A, u = 1.9m = 190 cm
Focal length of mirror, f = 10 cm
We have to find the velocity of image of car B in the mirror, i.e. vIM
We know that,
vIM = −m2vBM ....(I)
where, m is the magnification produced by mirror of car A,
f 10
⇒m = =
f−u 10 − (−190)
10 1
= =
200 20
Substituting the values in Eq. (i), we get
vIM = − ( )
1 2
20
× 40
1
=− × 40 = −0.1m ∕ s
400
Here, negative sign shows that, the speed of image w.r.t. mirror ofcar A is in opposite direction.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question98
Cross-section view of a prism is the equilateral triangle ABC in the
figure. The minimum deviation is observed using this prism when the
angle of incidence is equal to the prism angle. The time taken by light
to travel from P (mid-point of BC) to A is..... × 10−10s.

(Given, speed of light in vacuum = 3 × 108m ∕ s and cos 30° = √3

2 )

[31 Aug 2021 Shift 2]

Answer: 5

Solution:

Solution:
Given, the base of a prism is equilateral triangle of side 10 cm as shown in figure.
At minimum deviation, Angle of incident = Angle of prism
i.e. i = A = 60°

A
Angle of refraction, r = = 60°2 = 30°
2
Let µ be the refractive index.
Then, by Snell’s law of refraction,
√3
sin i sin 60° 2
µ= = = = √3
sin r sin 30° 1
2
Now, in ∆ABP, AP = AB cos 30°
10√3
= = 5√3 cm
2
= 5√3 × 10−2m
i.e. optical distance travelled by light along AP,
d = µ × AP = √3 × 5√3 × 10−2 = 15 × 10−2m
Now, the time taken by light (c = 3 × 108m ∕ s) to travel from P to A,
d 15 × 10−2
t= = 8
s = 5 × 10−10s
C 3 × 10
Thus, correct answer is 5.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question99
An object is placed at the focus of concave lens having focal length f.
What is the magnification and distance of the image from the optical
centre of the lens?
[31 Aug 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

A. 1, ∞

B. Very high, ∞

C. 1 , f
2 2

D. 1 , f
4 4

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Given, focal length of concave lens, f' = -f
Object distance from lens, u = -f
Image distance from lens = v
Magnification = m
By using lens formula,
1 1 1
= −
f′ v u
1 1 1
⇒ = +
v f′ u
1 1 2
=− − =−
f f f
f
⇒v = −
2
∴|v = | 2
f

f
−
v 2 1
∴m = = =
u −f 2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question100
Curved surfaces of a plano-convex lens of refractive index µ1 and a
plano-concave lens of refractive index µ2 have equal radius of curvature
as shown in figure. Find the ratio of radius of curvature to the focal
length of the combined lenses.

[27 Aug 2021 Shift 2]

Options:

1
A.
µ2 − µ1

B. µ1 − µ2
 1
C.
µ1 − µ2

D. µ2 − µ1

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question101
Find the distance of the image from object O, formed by the
combination of lenses in the figure.

[27 Aug 2021 Shift 1]

Options:

A. 75 cm

B. 10 cm

C. 20 cm

D. infinity

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Given, focal length of first lens, f1 = +10 cm
Focal length of second lens, f2 = −10 cm
Focal length of third lens, f3 = +30 cm
Object distance from first lens, u1 = −30 cm
Using lens formula for first lens, we get
1 1 1
= −
f1 v1 u1
1 1 1
⇒ = −
−10 v1 −30
1 1 1 2
⇒ = − =
v1 10 30 30
v1 = 15 cm
Thus, the image formed by first lens is 15 cm to the right of first lens.
The object distance for second lens will be
u2 = 15 cm − 5 cm = 10 cm
Using lens formula for first lens, we get
1 1 1
= −
f2 v2 u2
1 1 1
⇒ = −
−10 v2 10
1 1 1
⇒ = + =0
v2 −10 10
⇒v2 = ∞
Thus, the object distance for third lens, u3 = ∞.
Using lens formula for third lens, we get
1 1 1
= −
f3 v3 u3
1 1 1
⇒ = −
30 v3 ∞
1 1
=
v3 30
v3 = 30 cm
The final image will form 30 cm from the third lens.
The distance of final image from object will be 30 + 10 + 5 + 30 = 75 cm
Thus, the distance of final image formed from object O is 75 cm.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question102
An object is placed at a distance of 12 cm from a convex lens. A convex
mirror of focal length 15 cm is placed on other side of lens at 8 cm as
shown in the figure. Image of object coincides with the object.

When the convex mirror is removed, a real and inverted image is formed
at a position. The distance of the image from the object will be............
cm.
[26 Aug 2021 Shift 2]

Answer: 50

Solution:
It is given that image coincides with the object. In the arrangement given, the image will only coincide with the object
when the ray on mirror falls directly perpendicular on the surface of it.

The light will converge at centre of curvature of mirror and due to that after removing the mirror the light will converge at
same position.
The focal length of mirror, f = 15 cm. So, radius of curvature of mirror, 2f = 30 cm
The image distance from the object after convex mirror is removed will be calculated as, 12 cm + 8 cm + 30 cm = 50
cm.

Thus, the image will formed at a distance of 50 cm from object.

Question103
A glass tumbler having inner depth of 17.5 cm is kept on a table. A
student starts pouring water ( μ = ) into it while looking at the surface
4
3
of water from the above. When he feels that the tumbler is half filled, he
stops pouring water. Up to what height, the tumbler is actually filled?
[1 Sep 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. 11.7 cm

B. 10 cm

C. 7.5 cm

D. 8.75 cm

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Let us draw the diagram of glass tumbler.

Consider the actual height of the tumbler be H.

4
The refractive index of the water, μ =
3
The refractive index of the air, μ = 1
As we know that,
Hreal
μwater =
Happearent
4 H
=
3 Happearent
3H
⇒ Happearent =
4
The height of air observed by observer = 17.5 –H
According to the above figure,
3H
= 17.5 − H
4
⇒ H = 10.11 cm ≃ 10 cm
The actual height of the water in tumbler is 10 cm.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question104
An object is gradually moving away from the focal point of a concave
mirror along the axis of the mirror. The graphical representation of the
magnitude of linear magnification (m) versus distance of the object
from the mirror (x) is correctly given by
(Graphs are drawn schematically and are not to scale)
[8 Jan. 2020 II]
Options:

A.

B.

C.

D.

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
f −1
Using mirror formula, magnification is given by m = =
u−f u
1−
f
At focus magnification is ∞
And at u = 2f , magnification is 1 .
Hence graph (d) correctly depicts ' m ' versus distance of object ' x ' graph.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question105
A vessel of depth 2h is half filled with a liquid of refractive index 2√2
and the upper half with another liquid of refractive index √2 . The
liquids are immiscible. The apparent depth of the inner surface of the
bottom of vessel will be:
[9 Jan. 2020 I]
Options:

A. h
√2

h
B.
2(√2 + 1)

C. h
3√2

D. 3
4
h√2

Answer: D

Solution:
Apparent depth,
happ = apperent depth

h app = 1
µ1 |
µ2
h1
+
h2
|
h h
= +
2√2 √2
=
h
√2 2
1
(
+1 =
3h
2√2
)
3h √2 3h
h app = × = × √2
2√2 √2 4
3h
happ = × √2
4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question106
There is a small source of light at some depth below the surface of
water (refractive index = 43 ) in a tank of large cross sectional surface
area. Neglecting any reflection from the bottom and absorption by
water, percentage of light that emerges out of surface is (nearly):
[Use the fact that surface area of a spherical cap of height h and radius
of curvature r is 2πrh ]
[9 Jan. 2020 II]
Options:

A. 21%

B. 34%

C. 17%

D. 50%

Answer: C

Solution:

Given,
4
Refractive index, µ =
3
4
sin θ = 1 sin 90°
3
3
⇒sin θ =
4
√7
cos θ =
4
Solid angle, Ω = 2π(1 − cos θ) = 2π(1 − √7 ∕ 4)
Fraction of energy transmitted
2π(1 − cos θ) 1 − √7 ∕ 4
= = = 0.17
4π 2
Percentage of light emerges out of surface
= 0.17 × 100 = 17%
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question107
The critical angle of a medium for a specific wavelength, if the medium
has relative permittivity 3 and relative permeability 43 for this
wavelength, will be:
[8 Jan. 2020 I]
Options:

A. 15°

B. 30°

C. 45°

D. 60°
Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Here, from question, relative permittivity
ε
εr = = 3 ⇒ ε = 3ε0
ε0
µ 4 4
Relative permeability µr = = ⇒µ = µ0
µ0 3 3
∴µε = 4µ0ε0

√ µ0ε0
µε
v
= =
c
1
2 ( ∵c = √µ1ε ) 0 0

n = √µrεr = √ 4
3
×3 =2
1
And n =
sin θc
1 1
⇒sin θc = =
n 2
∴ Critical angle, θc = 30°

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question108
A point object in air is in front of the curved surface of a plano-convex
lens. The radius of curvature of the curved surface is 30 cm and the
refractive index of the lens material is 1.5, then the focal length of the
lens (in cm) is__________.
[NA 8 Jan. 2020 I]

Answer: 60

Solution:

Solution:
Given :µ = 1.5; Rcurved = 30cm
Using, Lens-maker formula
1
f
= (µ − 1)
1
R1 (
− 1R2 )
For plano-convex lens R1 → ∞ then R2 = −R
R 30
∴f = = = 60cm
µ−1 1.5 − 1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question109
A thin lens made of glass (refractive index = 1.5) of focal length f = 16
cm is immersed in a liquid of refractive index 1.42. If its focal length in
liquid is f l ,then the ratio f l ∕ f is closest to the integer:
[7 Jan. 2020 II]
Options:

A. 1

B. 9

C. 5

D. 17

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Using lens maker's formula
1
f
= (
µg
µa
−1
1
)[
−
R1 R2
1
]
Here, µg and µa are the refractive index of glass and air respectively

⇒
1
f
= (1.5 − 1)
1
−(
R1 R2
1
.......(i))
When immersed in liquid
1
fl
= (µg
µl
−1
1
)(
−
R1 R2
1
)
[Here, µl = refractive index of liquid]

⇒
1
fl
= (
1.5
1.42
−1
1
−
R1 R2)(
1
.......(ii) )
Dividing (i) by(ii)
f (1.5 − 1)1.42 1.42 142
⇒ l = = = ≈9
f 0.08 0.16 16

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question110
The magnifying power of a telescope with tube length 60 cm is 5. What
is the focal length of its eye piece?
[8 Jan. 2020 I]
Options:

A. 20 cm

B. 40 cm

C. 30 cm

D. 10 cm

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
For telescope
Tube length (L) = f o + f e = 60
f
and magnification (m) = o = 5 ⇒ f 0 = 5f e
fe
∴f o = 50cm and f e = 10cm
Hence focal length of eye-piece, f e = 10cm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question111
If we need a magnification of 375 from a compound microscope of tube
length 150 mm and an objective of focal length 5 mm, the focal length
of the eye-piece, should be close to:
[7 Jan. 2020 I]
Options:

A. 22 mm

B. 12 mm

C. 2 mm

D. 33 mm

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
According question, M = 375
L = 150mm, f 0 = 5mm and f e = ?

Using, magnification, M ≃
L
f0 (
1+
D
fe )
⇒375 =
150
5
1+ (
250
fe )
(∵D = 25cm = 250mm)

250
⇒12.5 = 1 +
fe
250
⇒f e = = 21.7 ≈ 22mm
11.5

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question112
TOPIC 1 -Plane Mirror, Spherical Mirror and Reflection of Light When
an object is kept at a distance of 30cm from a concave mirror, the image
is formed at a distance of 10cm from the mirror. If the object is moved
with a speed of 9 cms−1, the speed (in cms−1 ) with which image moves
at that instant is ________.
[NA Sep. 03,2020 (II)]

Answer: 1

Solution:
Distance of object, u = −30cm
Distance of image, v = 10cm
−v (−10) 1
Magnification, m = = =
u −30 3
1
Speed of image = m2 × speed of object = × 9 = 1cms−1
9

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question113

A spherical mirror is obtained as shown in the figure from a hollow

glass sphere. If an object is positioned in front of the mirror, what will
be the nature and magnification of the image of the object? (Figure
drawn as schematic and not to scale)
[Sep. 02, 2020 (I)]
Options:

A. Inverted, real and magnified

B. Erect, virtual and magnified

C. Erect, virtual and unmagnified

D. Inverted, real and unmagnified

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Object is placed beyond radius of curvature (R) of concave mirror hence image formed is real, inverted and diminished or
unmagnified.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question114
TOPIC 2 - Refraction of Light at Plane Surface and Total Internal
Reflection
An observer can see through a small hole on the side of a jar (radius 15
cm) at a point at height of 15 cm from the bottom (see figure). The hole
is at a height of 45 cm. When the jar is filled with a liquid up to a height
of 30 cm the same observer can see the edge at the bottom of the jar. If
the refractive index of the liquid is N/100, where N is an integer, the
value of N is ___________.

[NA Sep. 03, 2020 (I)]

Answer: 158

Solution:
15
From figure, sin i = and sin r = sin 45°
+ 302 √ 15 2

From Snell's law, µ × sin i = 1 × sin r

15 1
⇒µ × = 1 × sin 45° =
√ 15 + 30
2 2 √2

1
√2 N
∴µ = = 158 × 10−2 =
15 100
√1125
Hence, value of N ≃ 158

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question115
A light ray enters a solid glass sphere of refractive index µ = √3 at an
angle of incidence 60°. The ray is both reflected and refracted at the
farther surface of the sphere. The angle (in degrees) between the
reflected and refracted rays at this surface is _______.
[NA Sep. 02, 2020 (II)]
Answer: 90
Solution:

In the figure, QR is the reflected ray and QS is refracted ray. CQ is normal.

Apply Snell's law at P

1 sin 60° = √3 sin r
1
⇒sin r = ⇒ r = 30°
2
From geometry, CP = CQ
∴r′ = 30°
Again apply snell's law at Q,
√3 sin r′ = 1 sin e
√3
⇒ = sin e ⇒ e = 60°
2
From geometry
r′ + θ + e = 180° (As angles lies on a straight line)
⇒30° + θ + 60° = 180° ⇒θ = 90°

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question116
TOPIC 3 - Refraction at Curved Surface Lenses and Power of Lens
A point like object is placed at a distance of 1 m in front of a convex lens
of focal length 0.5 m. A plane mirror is placed at a distance of 2 m
behind the lens. The position and nature of the final image formed by
the system is :
[Sep. 06, 2020 (I)]
Options:

A. 2.6 m from the mirror, real

B. 1 m from the mirror, virtual

C. 1 m from the mirror, real

D. 2.6 m from the mirror, virtual

Answer: D

Solution:
Focal length of the convex lens, f = 0.5m
Object is at 2f so, image (I 1) will also be at 2f .
Image of I 1 i.e., I 2 will be 1m behind mirror.
Now I 2 will be object for lens.
∴u = (−1) + (−1) + (−1) = −3m
1 1 1
Using lens formula, − =
v u f
1 1 1 1 1 3
= + = + or v = = 0.6m
v f u +0.5 −3 5
Hence, distance of image from mirror
= 2 + 0.6 = 2.6m and real.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question117
A double convex lens has power P and same radii of curvature R of both
the surfaces. The radius of curvature of a surface of a plano-convex lens
made of the same material with power 1.5P is :
[Sep. 06, 2020 (II)]
Options:

A. 2R

B. R
2

3R
C. 2

R
D.
3

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Given, using lens maker's formula
1
f
= (k − 1)
1
−(
R1 R2
1
)
Here, R1 = R2 = R (For double convex lens)

∴
1
f
= (µ − 1)
1
R −R
− (1
)
1 2
⇒P = = (µ − 1) ........(i)
f R
For plano convex lens,
R1 = R′, R2 = ∞
Using lens maker's formula again, we have
1.5P = (µ − 1)
1
−
R′ ∞
1
( )
.......(ii)
3 µ−1
⇒ P=
2 R′
From (i) and (ii),
3 R′ R
= ⇒ R′ =
2 2R 3

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question118
For a concave lens of focal length f, the relation between object and
image distances u and v, respectively, from its pole can best be
represented by (u = v is the reference line) :
[Sep. 05, 2020 (I)]
Options:

A.

B.

C.

D.

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
From lens formula,
1 1 1 uf
− = ⇒v=
v u f u+f
Case-I : If v = u ⇒ f + u = f ⇒ u = 0
Case-II : If u = ∞ then v = f .
Hence, correct u versus v graph, that satisfies this condition is (a).

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question119
The distance between an object and a screen is 100cm. A lens can
produce real image of the object on the screen for two different
positions between the screen and the object. The distance between
these two positions is 40cm. If the power of the lens is close to ( )DN
100
where N is an integer, the value of N is _______.
[NA Sep. 04, 2020 (II)]
Answer: 476.19

Solution:
Given,
Distance between an object and screen, D = 100 cm
Distance between the two position of lens, d = 40 cm
Focal length of lens,
2 2 2 2
D −d 100 − 40 (100 + 40)(100 − 40)
f = = = = 21cm
4D 4(100) 4(100)
1 100 N
Power, P = = =
f 21 100
∴N = 476.19

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question120
TOPIC 4 - Prism and Dispersion of Light
The surface of a metal is illuminated alternately with photons of
energies E 1 = 4eV and E 2 = 2.5eV respectively. The ratio of maximum
speeds of the photoelectrons emitted in the two cases is 2 . The work
function of the metal in (eV) is _______.
[NA Sep. 05, 2020 (II)]

Answer: 2

Solution:

From the Einstein's photoelectric equation

Energy of photon = Kinetic energy of photoelectrons + Work function
⇒ Kinetic energy = Energy of Photon − Work Function Let ϕ0 be the work function of metal and v1 and v2 be the velocity
of photoelectrons. Using Einstein's photoelectric equation we have
1
mv12 = 4 − ϕ0 .......(i)
2
1
mv22 = 2.5 − ϕ0 ........(ii)
2
1
mv12 4 − ϕ0
2
⇒ =
1 2 2.5 − ϕ0
mv2
2

2 4 − ϕ0
⇒(2) = ⇒10 − 4ϕ0 = 4 − ϕ0
2.5 − ϕ0
ϕ0 = 2eV
Question121
. A compound microscope consists of an objective lens of focal length 1
cm and an eye piece of focal length 5 cm with a separation of 10 cm.
The distance between an object and the objective lens, at which the
n
strain on the eye is minimum is 40 cm.
The value of n is ______.
[NA Sep. 05, 2020 (I)]

Answer: 50

Solution:
Given : Length of compound microscope, L = 10cm
Focal length of objective f 0 = 1cm and of eye-piece,
f e = 5cm
u0 = f e = 5cm
Final image formed at infinity (∞), ve = ∞
v0 = 10 − 5 = 5
1 1 1
Using lens formula, − =
v u f
1 1 1 1 1 1 5
− = ⇒ − = ⇒u0 = − cm
v0 u0 f0 5 u0 1 4
5 N
or, =
4 40
200
∴N = = 50cm
4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question122
In a compound microscope, the magnified virtual image is formed at a
distance of 25 cm from the eye-piece. The focal length of its objective
lens is 1 cm. If the magnification is 100 and the tube length of the
microscope is 20 cm, then the focal length of the eye-piece lens (in cm)
is __________.
[NA Sep. 04, 2020 (I)]

Answer: 4.48

Solution:
According to question, final image i.e., v2 = 25cm,
f 0 = 1cm, magnification, m = m1m2 = 100

1 1 1 x
Using lens formula, For first lens or objective = − = ⇒ v1 =
v1 −x 1 x−1

Also magnification |m1| =

v1
u1
=
1
x−1 | |
For 2 nd lens or eye-piece, this is acting as object
∴u2 = −(20 − v1) = − 20 − (
x
x−1 )
and v2 = −25cm

Angular magnification |mA| =

D
u2
=
25
| |
|u2|
Total magnification m = m1mA = 100

( x −1 1 ) ( 20 −25 x ) = 100
x−1
25
⇒ = 100 ⇒1 = 80(x − 1) − 4x
20(x − 1) − x
81
⇒76x = 81 ⇒ x =
76

( )
81
76 −19
⇒u2 = − 20 − =
81 5
−1
76
Again using lens formula for eye-piece
1 1 1 25 × 19
− = ⇒f e = ≈ 4.48cm
−25 19 fe 106
−
5

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question123
A point source of light, S is placed at a distance L in front of the centre
of plane mirror of width d which is hanging vertically on a wall. A man
walks in front of the mirror along a line parallel to the mirror, at a
distance 2L as show below. The distance over which the man can see the
image of the light source in the mirror is:

[12 Jan. 2019 I]

Options:

A. d

B. 2d

C. 3d
D. d
2

Answer: C

Solution:

3d 3d
Total distance = + = 3d
2 2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question124
Two plane mirrors are inclined to each other such that a ray of light
incident on the first mirror (M 1) and parallel to the second mirror (M 2)
is finally reflected from the second mirror (M 2) parallel to the first
mirror (M 1). The angle between the two mirrors will be:
[9 Jan. 2019 II]
Options:

A. 45°

B. 60°

C. 75°

D. 90°

Answer: B

Solution:

Let angle between the two mirrors be θ.

Ray PQ || mirror M 1 and Rs || mirror M 2
∴M 1Rs = ∠ORQ = ∠M 1OM 2 = θ
Similarly, ∠M 2QP = ∠OQR = ∠M 2OM 1 = θ
180°
In ΔORQ, 3θ = 180° ⇒θ = = 60°
3
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question125
A light wave is incident normally on a glass slab of refractive index 1.5.
If 4% of light gets reflected and the amplitude of the electric field of the
incident light is 30 V/m, then the amplitude of the electric field for the
wave propogating in the glass medium will be:
[12 Jan. 2019 I]
Options:

A. 30 V/m

B. 10 V/m

C. 24 V/ m

D. 6 V/m

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
As 4% of light gets reflected, so only (100 − 4 = 96%) of light comes after refraction so,
96
Prefracted = P
100 I
96
⇒K 2At2 = K A2
100 1 i
2 96 2
⇒r2At = r A
100 1 i
96 1
⇒At2 = × × (30)2
100 3
At √ 64
100
× (30)2 = 24

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question126
What is the position and nature of image formed by lens combination
shown in figure? ( f 1, f 2 are focal lengths)

[12 Jan. 2019 I]

Options:
A. 70 cm from point B at left; virtual

B. 40 cm from point B at right; real

20
C. cm from point B at right, real
3

D. 70 cm from point B at right; real

Answer: D

Solution:

1 1 1
By lens's formula, − =
V u f
For first lens, [u1 = −20]
1 1 1 20
− = ⇒VI =
V 1 −20 5 3
Image formed by first lense will behave as an object for second lens
20 14
so, u2 = −2=
3 3
1 1 1
− = ⇒V 2 = 70cm
V2 14 −5
3
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question127
Formation of real image using a biconvex lens is shown below :

If the whole set up is immersed in water without disturbing the object

and the screen positions, what will one observe on the screen ?
[12 Jan. 2019 II]
Options:

A. Image disappears

B. Magnified image

C. Erect real image

D. No change

Answer: A

Solution:

According to lens maker's formula,

1
f
= (µrel − 1)
1
−
R1 R2(1
)
Focal length of lens will change due to change in refrective index µrel. So, image will be formed at new position. Hence
image disappears
Question128
A plano-convex lens (focal length f 2, refractive index µ2, radius of
curvature R ) fits exactly into a plano-concave lens (focal length f 1 ,
refractive index µ1 , radius of curvature R ). Their plane surfaces are
parallel to each other. Then, the focal length of the combination will be
:
[12 Jan. 2019 II]
Options:

A. f 1 − f 2

R
B.
µ2 − µ1

2f 1f 2
C.
f1+f2

D. f 1 + f 2

Answer: B

Solution:
1
f2
= (µ2 − 1)
+1
R ( )
1 (−1)
= (µ1 − 1)
f1 R
Now when combined the focal length is given by
1 1 1
= +
f f1 f2
(−1) +1
= (µ1 − 1) + (µ2 − 1)
R R
1
= [µ2 − 1 − µ1 + 1]
R
µ − µ1
= 2
R
R
⇒f =
µ2 − µ1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question129
An object is at a distance of 20 m from a convex lens of focal length 0.3
m. The lens forms an image of the object. If the object moves away from
the lens at a speed of 5m/s, the speed and direction of the image will be
:
[11 Jan. 2019 I]
Options:
A. 2.26 × 10−3 m/s away from the lens

B. 0.92 × 10−3 m/s away from the lens

C. 3.22 × 10−3 m/s towards the lens

D. 1.16 × 10−3 m/s towards the lens

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
By lens formula
1 1 1
− =
v u f
1 1 10
− =
v (−20) 3
1 10 1
= −
V 3 20
1 197 60
= ;v=
v 60 197
Magnification of lens (m) is given by

(
60
)
m=
v
u( )= 197
20
velocity of image wrt. to lens is given by
vI ∕ L = m2vO ∕ L
direction of velocity of image is same as that of object
vO ∕ L = 5m ∕ s

( 197 × 20 )
60 × 1 2
vI ∕L
=

= 1.16 × 10−3m ∕ s towards the lens

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question130
A plano convex lens of refractive index µ1 and focal length f 1 is kept in
contact with another plano concave lens of refractive index µ2 and focal
length f 2 If the radius of curvature of their spherical faces is R each and
f 1 = 2f 2 , then µ1 and µ2 are related as:
[10 Jan. 2019 I]
Options:

A. µ1 + µ2 = 3

B. 2µ1 − µ2 = 1

C. 3µ2 − 2µ1 = 1

D. 2µ2 − µ1 = 1

Answer: B

Solution:
From lens maker's formula,
1
f
= (µ − 1)
1
−
R1 R2(1
)
1
f1
= (µ1 − 1)
1
−
∞ −R (1
=
1
2f 2 )
Similarly, for plano-concave lens
1
f2
= (µ2 − 1)
1
−R ∞
−( 1
)
1 1
Dividing by we get,
f1 f2
(µ1 − 1) (µ − 1)
= 2
R 2R
or, 2µ1 − µ2 = 1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question131
The eye can be regarded as a single refracting surface. The radius of
curvature of this surface is equal to that of cornea (7.8 mm). This
surface separates two media of refractive indices 1 and 1.34. Calculate
the distance from the refracting surface at which a parallel beam of
light will come to focus.
[10 Jan. 2019 II]
Options:

A. 1 cm

B. 2 cm

C. 4.0 cm

D. 3.1 cm

Answer: D

Solution:

µ2 µ1 µ − µ1
using, − = 2
v u R
R = 7.8mm

µ1 = 1µ2 = 1.34
1.34 1 1.34 − 1
⇒ − = [∵u = ∞]
V ∞ 7.8
∴V = 30.7mm = 3.07cm ≃ 3.1cm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question132
A convex lens is put 10 cm from a light source and it makes a sharp
image on a screen, kept 10 cm from the lens. Now a glass block
(refractive index 1.5) of 1.5 cm thickness is placed in contact with the
light source. To get the sharp image again, the scream is shifted by a
distance d. Then d is:
[9 Jan. 2019 I]
Options:

A. 1.1 cm away from the lens

B. 0

C. 0.55 cm towards the lens

D. 0.55 cm away from the lens

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:

Using lens formula

1 1 1 1 1 1
− = ⇒ − = ⇒f = 5cm
v u f 10 −10 f
Shift due to slab, = t 1 −
1
µ ( )
in the direction of incident ray

or, d = 1.5 1 − (2
3
= 0.5 )
Now, u = −9.5
1 1 1
Again using lens formulas − =
v −9.5 5
1 1 2 9
⇒ = − =
v 5 19 95
95
or, v = = 10.55cm
9
Thus, screen is shifted by a distance
d = 10.55 − 10 = 0.55cm away from the lens.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question133
The variation of refractive index of a crown glass thin prism with
wavelength of the incident light is shown. Which of the following graphs
is the correct one, if Dm is the angle of minimum deviation ?
[11 Jan. 2019, I]
Options:

A.

B.

C.

D.

Answer: A
Solution:

Solution:
When angle of prism is small, then angle of deviation is given by Dm = (µ − 1)A
So, if wavelength of incident light is increased, mu decreases and hence Dm decreases.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question134
A monochromatic light is incident at a certain angle on an equilateral
triangular prism and suffers minimum deviation. If the refractive index
of the material of the prism is √3 , then the angle of incidence is :
[11 Jan. 2019 II]
Options:

A. 90°

B. 30°

C. 60°

D. 45°

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
For minimum deviation:
A
r1 = r2 = = 30°
2
by Snell's law µ1 sin i = µ2 sin r
1 √3
1 × sin i = √3 × = ⇒ i = 60
2 2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question135
A concave mirror for face viewing has focal length of 0.4 m.
The distance at which you hold the mirror from your face in order to see
your image upright with a magnification of 5 is:
[9 April 2019 I]
Options:

A. 0.24 m

B. 1.60 m

C. 0.32 m

D. 0.16 m

Answer: C
Solution:

Solution:
v
+5 = − ⇒ v = −5u
u
1 1 1
Using + =
v u f
1 1 1
or + =
−5u u 0.4
∴u = 0.32m

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question136
A concave mirror has radius of curvature of 40 cm. It is at the bottom of
a glass that has water filled up to 5 cm (see figure). If a small particle is
floating on the surface of water, its image as seen, from directly above
the glass, is at a distance d from the surface of water. The value of d is
close to :
(Refractive index of water = 1.33)

[12 Apr. 2019 I]

Options:

A. 6.7 cm

B. 13.4 cm

C. 8.8 cm

D. 11.7 cm

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
If v is the distance of image formed by mirror, then
1 1 1
+ =
v u f
1 1 1
$$ or + =
v −5 −20
20
∴v = cm
3
Distance of this image from water surface
20 35
= +5= cm
3 3
RD
Using, =µ
AD
RD (35 ∕ 3)
∴AD = d = = = 8.8cm
µ 1.33

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question137
A transparent cube of side d, made of a material of refractive index µ2 ,
is immersed in a liquid of refractive index µ1(µ1 < µ2). Aray is incident
on the face AB at an angle θ (shown in the figure). Total internal
reflection takes place at point E on the face BC.

Then θ must satisfy :

[12 Apr. 2019 II]
Options:

µ1
A. θ < sin−1
µ2

B. θ > sin−1
√ µ22
µ12
−1

C. θ < sin
−1
√ µ22
µ12
−1

−1 µ1
D. θ > sin µ2

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:

Using, sin θmax = µ1 √ µ22 − µ12 =

√ µ22
µ12
−1

or θmax = sin−1 (√ ) µ22

µ12
−1

(√ )
2
µ2
For T 1R, θ < sin−1 2
−1
µ1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question138
A ray of light AO in vacuum is incident on a glass slab at angle 60° and
refracted at angle 30° along OB as shown in the figure. The optical path
length of light ray from A to B is :
[10 Apr. 2019 I]
Options:

2√
A. a3 + 2b

B. 2a 2b
3

C. 2a + 2b
√3

D. 2a + 2b

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
From the given figure
As sin 60° = µ sin 30°

sin 60°
⇒µ = = √3
sin 30°
a
= cos 60° ⇒ AO = 2a
AO
b 2b
= cos 30° ⇒ BO =
BO √3
Optical path length = AO + µBO
2b
= 2a + (√3) = 2a + 2b
√3

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question139
In figure, the optical fiber is l = 2m long and has a diameter of
d = 20µm. If a ray of light is incident on one end of the fiber at angle
θ1 = 40°, the number of reflections it makes before emerging from the
other end is close to :
(refractive index of fiber is 1.31 and sin 40° = 0.64 )
[8 April 2019 I]
Options:

A. 55000

B. 66000

C. 45000

D. 57000

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Using Snell's law of refraction,
1 × sin 40° = 1.31 sin θ
0.64
⇒sin θ = = 0.49 ≈ 0.5
1.31
⇒θ = 30°

x = 20µm × cot θ
∴ Number of reflections = 2
20 × 10−6 × cot θ
2 × 106
= = 57735 ≈ 57000
20 × √3

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question140
One plano-convex and one plano-concave lens of same radius of
curvature 'R' but of different materials are joined side by side as shown
in the figure. If the refractive index of the material of 1 is µ1 and that of
2 is µ2 , then the focal length of the combination is :

[10 Apr. 2019 I]

Options:

R
A.
µ1 − µ2

2R
B.
µ1 − µ2

2R
C.
2(µ1 − µ2)

R
D.
2 − (µ1 − µ2)
Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Focal length of plano-convex lens-
µ −1
1
f1
= (µ1 − 1)
1
(−
∞ −R
1
= 1
R )
R
⇒f 1 =
(µ1 − 1)
Focal length of plano-concave lens -
µ −1
1
f2
= (µ2 − 1) (
1
−R ∞
−
1
= 2
−R )
−R
⇒f 2 =
(µ2 − 1)
For the combination of two lens-
1 1 1 µ − 1 µ2 − 1
= + = 1 −
f eq f1 f2 R R
µ1 − µ2
=
R
R
⇒f eq =
µ1 − µ2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question141
The graph shows how the magnification m produced by a thin lens
varies with image distance v. What is the focal length of the lens used ?

[10 Apr. 2019 II]

Options:

b2
A. ac

b2c
B. a

a
C.
c

D. b
c

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
From the equation of line
m = k1v + k2(∵y = mx + c)

⇒
v
u
= k1v + k2 ∵m =
v
u( )
 1 k
⇒ = k1 + 2 (Dividing both sides by v)
u v
k2 1
⇒ − − k1
v u
1 1 1
Comparing with lens formula − = , we get
v u f
1
k1 = and k2 = 1
−f
1 b
∴f = =−
slope of m − v graph c

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question142
A convex lens of focal length 20cm produces images of the same
magnification 2 when an object is kept at two distances x1 and
x2(x1 > x2) from the lens. The ratio of x1 and x2 is:
[9 Apr. 2019 II]
Options:

A. 2: 1

B. 3: 1

C. 5: 3

D. 4: 3

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
v
Using, M =
u
v1
or −2 = ⇒ v1 = −2x1
x1
1 1 1
We have − =
v u f
1 1 1
or − =
−2x1 x1 20
x1 = 30cm
1 1 1
And − =
2x2 x2 20
or x2 = −10cm
x 30
So, 1 = =3
x2 10

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question143
A thin convex lens L (refractive index = 1.5 ) is placed on a plane mirror
M . When a pin is placed at A, such that OA = 18cm, its real inverted
image is formed at A itself, as shown in figure. When a liquid of
refractive index µi is put between the lens and the mirror, the pin has to
be moved to A′, such that OA′ = 27cm, to get its inverted real image at
A′ itself. The value of µi will be:

[9 Apr. 2019 II]

Options:

4
A. 3

B. 3
2

C. √3

D. √2

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
1 2
=
f1 fl
Here 2f 1 = 18cm or f 1 = 9cm
1 2
So, = or f l = 18cm
9 fl

Using,
1
fl ( )
= (µ − 1)
2
R

= (1.5 − 1) ( )
1 2
or
18 R
∴R = 18cm
when liquid is put between, then
1 2 2
= +
f2 fl f
1 2 2
or = +
(27 ∕ 2) 18 f
or f = −54cm
1 1
Now − = (µ1 − 1) ×
54 R
= (µ1 − 1) ×
1
−18 ( )
1 4
∴µ1 = + 1 =
3 3

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question144
An upright object is placed at a distance of 40 cm in front of a
convergent lens of focal length 20 cm. A convergent mirror of focal
length 10 cm is placed at a distance of 60 cm on the other side of the
lens. The position and size of the final image will be :
[8 April 2019 I]
Options:

A. 20 cm from the convergent mirror, same size as the object

B. 40 cm from the convergent mirror, same size as the object

C. 40 cm from the convergent lens, twice the size of the object

D. (Bouns)

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:

40 × 20
v1 = = 40cm
(40 − 20)
u2 = 60 − 40 = 20cm
20 × 10
∴v2 = = 20cm
(20 − 10)
∴ Image traces back to object itself as image formed by lens is a centre of curvature of mirror.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question145
A convex lens (of focal length 20 cm) and a concave mirror, having their
principal axes along the same lines, are kept 80 cm apart from each
other. The concave mirror is to the right of the convex lens. When an
object is kept at a distance of 30 cm to the left of the convex lens, its
image remains at the same position even if the concave mirror is
removed. The maximum distance of the object for which this concave
mirror, by itself would produce a virtual image would be :
[8 Apr. 2019 II]
Options:

A. 30 cm

B. 25 cm

C. 10 cm

D. 20 cm

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
For lens
1 1 1
− =
v u f
1 1 1
or − =
v −30 20
∴v = +60cm
According to the condition, image formed by lens should be the centre of curvature of the mirror, and so 2f ′ = 20 or
f ′ = 10cm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question146
A particle is oscillating on the X-axis with an amplitude 2cm about the
point x0 = 10cm with a frequency ω. A concave mirror of focal length
5cm is placed at the origin (see figure) Identify the correct statements:
(A) The image executes periodic motion
(B) The image executes non-periodic motion
(C) The turning points of the image are asymmetric w.r.t the image of
the point at x = 10cm
(D) The distance between the turning points of the oscillation of the
image is 100
21
=0

[Online April 15, 2018]

Options:

A. (B), (D)

B. (B), (C)

C. (A), (C), (D)

D. (A), (D)

Answer: C

Solution:

When object is at 8cm

f ×u 5×8 40
Image V 1 = = = − cm
u−f 8−5 3
When object is at 12cm
f ×u 5 × 12 60
Image V 2 = = = − cm
u−f 12 − 5 7
Separation = | V 1 − V 2 =
40 60
3
−
7
=
100
21 |
cm
So A, C and D are correct statements.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question147
A planoconvex lens becomes an optical system of 28 cm focal length
when its plane surface is silvered and illuminated from left to right as
shown in Fig-A. If the same lens is instead silvered on the curved
surface and illuminated from other side as in Fig. B, it acts like an
optical system of focal length 10 cm. The refractive index of the
material of lens if:

[Online April 15, 2018]

Options:

A. 1.50

B. 1.55

C. 1.75

D. 1

Answer: B

Solution:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question148
A convergent doublet of separated lenses, corrected for spherical
aberration, has resultant focal length of 10cm. The separation between
the two lenses is 2cm. The focal lengths of the component lenses
[Online April 15, 2018]
Options:

A. 18cm, 20cm

B. 10cm, 12cm

C. 12cm, 14cm

D. 16cm, 18cm

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
For minimum spherical aberration separation,
d = f 1 − f 2 = 2cm
Resultant focal length = F = 10cm
1 1 1 d
Using = + − and solving, we get f 1, f 218 cm and 20cm respectively.
F f 1 f 2 f 1f 2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question149
A ray of light is incident at an angle of 60° on one face of a prism of
angle 30°. The emergent ray of light makes an angle of 30° with
incident ray. The angle made by the emergent ray with second face of
prism will be:
[Online April 16, 2018]
Options:

A. 30°

B. 90°

C. 0°

D. 45°

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Angle of prism, A = 30°, i = 60°,
angle of deviation, δ = 30°
Using formula, δ = i + e − A
⇒e = δ + A − i
= 30° + 30° − 60° = 0°
∴ Emergent ray will be perpendicular to the face
So it will make angle 90° with the force through which it emerges.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question150
Let the refractive index of a denser medium with respect to a rarer
medium be n12 and its critical angle be θC. At an angle of incidence A
when light is travelling from denser medium to rarer medium, a part of
the light is reflected and the rest is refracted and the angle between
reflected and refracted rays is 90°. Angle A is given by:
[Online April 8, 2017]
Options:

A. 1
−1
cos (sin θC)

B. 1
tan−1(sin θC)

−1
C. cos (sin θC)

−1
D. tan (sin θC)

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:

µR sin i
From Snell's law, =
µD sin r
∵∠i = A and ∠r = (90° − A)
µR
We also know that, sin θC =
µD
sin A
From eq n(i ), sin θC =
sin(90° − A)
sin A
sin θC =
cos A
sin θC = tan A
or A = tan−1(sin θC)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question151
In an experiment a convex lens of focal length 15 cm is placed coaxially
on an optical bench in front of a convex mirror at a distance of 5 cm
from it. It is found that an object and its image coincide, if the object is
placed at a distance of 20 cm from the lens. The focal length of the
convex mirror is :
[Online April 9, 2017]
Options:

A. 27.5 cm

B. 20.0 cm

C. 25.0 cm

D. 30.5 c

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:

Given, focal length of lens (f) = 15 cm

object is placed at a distance (u) = – 20 cm
By lens formula,
1 1 1
= −
f v u
1 1 1 1 1
= + = −
v f u 15 20
1 4−3
=
v 60
v = 60cm
The image I gets formed at 60 cm to the right of the lens and it will be inverted.
The rays from the image (I) formed further falls on the convex mirror forms another image. This image should formed in
such a way that it coincide with object at the same point due to reflection takes place by convex mirror.
Distance between lens and mirror will be
d = image distance (v) – radius of curvature of convex mirror
5 = 60 − 2f
2f = 60 − 5
55
f = = 27.5cm (convex mirror)
2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question152
A hemispherical glass body of radius 10 cm and refractive index 1.5 is
silvered on its curved surface. A small air bubble is 6 cm below the flat
surface inside it along the axis. The position of the image of the air
bubble made by the mirror is seen :

[Online April 10, 2016]

Options:

A. 14 cm below flat surface

B. 20 cm below flat surface

C. 16 cm below flat surface

D. 30 cm below flat surface

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Given, radius of hemispherical glass R = 10cm
10
∴ Focal length f = = −5cm
2
u = (10 − 6) = −4cm
By using mirror formula,
1 1 1 1 1 1
+ = ⇒ + = ⇒v = 20cm
v u f v −4 −5
µ 1
Apparent height, ha = hr 1 = 30 × = 20cm below flat surface.
µ2 1.5

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question153
A convex lens, of focal length 30 cm, a concave lens of focal length 120
cm, and a plane mirror are arranged as shown. For an object kept at a
distance of 60 cm from the convex lens, the final image, formed by the
combination, is a real image, at a distance of

[Online April 9, 2016]

Options:

A. 60 cm from the convex lens

B. 60 cm from the concave lens

C. 70 cm from the convex lens

D. 70 cm from the concave lens

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Len's formula is given by
1 1 1
= −
f v u
For convex lens,
1 1 1 1 1
= + ⇒ =
30 v 60 60 v
Similarly for concave lens
1 1 1 1 1
= − ⇒ =
−120 v 40 v 60
Virtual object 10cm behind plane mirror.
Hence real image 10cm infront of mirror or, 60cm from convex lens.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question154
To find the focal length of a convex mirror, a student records the
following data :

The focal length of the convex lens is f 1 and that of mirror is f 2. Then
taking index correction to be negligibly small, f 1 and f 2 are close to :
[Online April 9, 2016]
Options:

A. f 1 = 7.8cm,f 2 = 12.7cm

B. f 1 = 12.7cm,f 2 = 7.8cm

C. f 1 = 15.6cm,f 2 = 25.4cm

D. f 1 = 7.8cm,f 2 = 25.4cm

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Taking f 2 = 12.07
Using Mirror's formula
1 1 1
= +
f v u
1 1 1 1 1 1
⇒ = + ⇒ − =
12.7 25.4 u 12.7 25.4 u
u = 25.4 = v′
Now using Len's formula
1 1 1 1 1 1
= − ⇒ = +
f v u f1 25.4 + 13.6 10
1 1 1 390
⇒ = + ⇒f 1 = = 7.96
f1 39 10 49
The closest answers is (a) as option (c) and (d) are not possible.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question155
In an experiment for determination of refractive index of glass of a
prism by i – δ , plot it was found that a ray incident at angle 35°, suffers
a deviation of 40° and that it emerges at angle 79°. In that case which of
the following is closest to the maximum possible value of the refractive
index?
[2016]
Options:

A. 1.7

B. 1.8

C. 1.5

D. 1.6

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
We know that i + e − A = δ
35° + 79° − A = 40° ∴ A = 74°

But µ =
sin (
A + δm
2
=
sin )
74 + δm
2
( )
sin A ∕ 2 74
sin
2
5
(
= sin 37° + m
3
δ
2
)
5 5
µmax can be . That is µmax is less than = 1.67
3 3
But δm will be less than 40° so
5 5
µ < sin 57° < sin 60° ⇒ µ = 1.5
3 3

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question156
An observer looks at a distant tree of height 10 m with a telescope of
magnifying power of 20. To the observer the tree appears :
[2016]
Options:

A. 20 times taller

B. 20 times nearer
C. 10 times taller

D. 10 times nearer

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
A telescope magnifies by making the object appearing closer

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question157
To determine refractive index of glass slab using a travelling
microscope, minimum number of readings required are :
[Online April 10, 2016]
Options:

A. Two

B. Four

C. Three

D. Five

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Reading one ⇒ without slab
Reading two ⇒ with slab
Reading three ⇒ with saw dust
Minimum three readings are required to determine refractive index of glass slab using a travelling microscope.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question158
You are asked to design a shaving mirror assuming that a person keeps
it 10 cm from his face and views the magnified image of the face at the
closest comfortable distance of 25 cm. The radius of curvature of the
mirror would then be :
[Online April 10, 2015]
Options:

A. 60 cm

B. –24 cm

C. – 60 cm
D. 24 cm

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Convex mirror is used as a shaving mirror.

From question : v = 15cm, u = −10cm

Radius of curvature, R = 2f = ?
1 1 1
Using mirror formula, + =
v u f
1 1 1
+ = ⇒ f = −30cm
15 (−10) f
Therefore radius of curvature, R = 2f = −60cm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question159
A thin convex lens of focal length ' f ′ is put on a plane mirror as shown
in the figure. When an object is kept at a distance 'a' from the lens -
mirror combination, its image is formed at a distance 3a in front of the
combination. The value of ' a ' is :

[Online April 11, 2015

Options:

A. 3f

B. 3 f
2

C. f

D. 2f

Answer: D

Solution:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question160
Monochromatic light is incident on a glass prism of angle A. If the
refractive index of the material of the prism is µ, a ray, incident at an
angle θ, on the face AB would get transmitted through the face AC of
the prism provided :

[2015]
Options:

A. θ > cos
−1
[ µ sin ( A + sin ( ) ] −1 1
µ

[
B. θ < cos−1 µ sin A + sin−1 1 ( ( )]
µ

C. θ > sin
−1
[ µ sin ( A − sin ( ) ] −1 1
µ
D. θ < sin
−1
[ µ sin ( A − sin ( ) ] −1 1
µ

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
When r2 = C, ∠N 2RC = 90°
Where C = critical angle
1
As sin C = = sin r2
µ

Applying snell's law at 'R'

µ sin r2 = 1 sin 90° ......(i)
Applying snell's law at 'Q'
1 × sin θ = µ sin r1 ......(ii)
But r1 = A − r2
So, sin θ = µ sin(A − r2)
sin θ = µ sin A cos r2 − cos A .......(iii) [using (i)]
From (1)
2
cos r2 = √ 1 − sin r2 =
√
1 − 12 .......(iv)
µ
By eq. (iii) and (iv)
sin θ = µ sin A
√ 1
1 − 2 − cos A
µ
on further solving we can show for ray not to transmitted through face AC

[ (
θ = sin−1 µ sin A − sin−1
1
µ ( )]
So, for transmission through face AC

[ (
θ > sin−1 µ sin A − sin−1
1
µ ( )]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question161
A telescope has an objective lens of focal length 150 cm and an eyepiece
of focal length 5 cm. If a 50 m tall tower at a distance of 1 km is
observed through this telescope in normal setting, the angle formed by
the image of the tower is θ , then θ is close to :
[Online April 10, 2015]
Options:

A. 30°

B. 15°

C. 60°

D. 1°
Answer: C

Solution:

Magnifying power of telescope,

β (angle subtended by image at eye piece)
MP=
α(angle subtended by object on objective)
f 150
Also, M P = o = = 30
fe 5
50 1
α= = rad
1000 20
1 3
∴β = θ = M P × α = 30 × = = 1.5rad
20 2
180°
or, β = 1.5 × ≃ 84°
π
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question162
A diver looking up through the water sees the outside world contained
in a circular horizon. The refractive index of water is 43 , and the diver's
eyes are 15cm below the surface of water. Then the radius of the circle
is:
[Online April 9, 2014]
Options:

A. 15 × 3 × √5 cm

B. 15 × 3√7 cm

15 × √7
C. 3
cm

D. 15 × 3 cm
√7

Answer: D

Solution:

4
Given, µ =
3
h = 15cm
R=?
sin 90°
=µ
sin C
 1 R 3
⇒sin C = = =
µ
√R +h 2 2 4
⇒16R2 = 9R2 + 9h2
or, 7R2 = 9h2
3 3
or, R = h= × 15cm
√7 √7

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question163

A thin convex lens made from crown glass ( µ = ) has focal length f .
3
2
4
When it is measured in two different liquids having refractive indices 3
and 53 , it has the focal lengths f 1 and f 2 respectively. The correct
relation between the focal lengths is:
[2014]
Options:

A. f 1 = f 2 < f

B. f 1 > f and f 2 becomes negative

C. f 2 > f and f 1 becomes negative

D. f 1 and f 2 both become negative

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
By Lens maker's formula for convex lens
1
f
= (µ
µL
−1
R
2
)( )
4
for, µL = , f 1 = 4R
1 3
5
for µL = , f 2 = −5R
2 3
⇒f 2 = (−) ve

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question164
The refractive index of the material of a concave lens is µ. It is
immersed in a medium of refractive index µ1. A parallel beam of light is
incident on the lens. The path of the emergent rays when µ1 > µ is:
[Online April 12, 2014]
Options:

A.
B.

C.

D.

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
If a lens of refractive index µ is immersed in a medium of refractive index µ1 , then its focal length in medium is given by
1
fm
= (mµl − 1)
1
−(
R1 R2
1
)
If f a is the focal length of lens in air, then
1
fa
= (aµl − 1)
1
(
−
R1 R2
1
)
f ( µ − 1)
⇒ m= a l
fa (mµl − 1)
If µ1 > µ, then f m and f a have opposite signs and the nature of lens changes i.e. a convex lens diverges the light rays and
concave lens converges the light rays. Thus given option (a) is correct.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question165
An object is located in a fixed position in front of a screen.
Sharp image is obtained on the screen for two positions of a thin lens
separated by 10 cm. The size of the images in two situations are in the
ratio 3 : 3. What is the distance between the screen and the object?
[Online April 11, 2014]
Options:

A. 124.5 cm

B. 144.5 cm

C. 65.0 cm

D. 99.0 cm

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Given: Separation of lens for two of its position, d = 10cm
Ratio of size of the images in two positions
I1 3
=
I2 2
Distance of object from the screen, D = ?
Applying formula,
I1 (D + d )2
=
I2 (D − d )2
3 (D + 10)2
⇒ =
2 (D − 10)2
3 D2 + 100 + 20D
⇒ = 2
2 D + 100 − 20D
⇒3D2 + 300 − 60D = 2D2 + 200 + 40D
2
⇒D − 100D + 100 = 0
On solving, we get D = 99cm
Hence the distance between the screen and the object is 99cm.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question166
In a compound microscope, the focal length of objective lens is 1.2 cm
and focal length of eye piece is 3.0 cm. When object is kept at 1.25 cm
in front of objective, final image is formed at infinity. Magnifying power
of the compound microscope should be:
[Online April 11, 2014]
Options:

A. 200

B. 100

C. 400

D. 150

Answer: A
Solution:

Solution:
Given : f 0 = 1.2cm; f e = 3.0cm
u0 = 1.25cm; M ∞ = ?
1 1 1
From = −
f0 v0 u0
1 1 1
⇒ = −
1.2 v0 (−1.25)
1 1 1
⇒ = −
v0 1.2 1.25
⇒v0 = 30cm
Magnification at infinity,
v D
M∞=− 0 ×
u0 f e
30 25
= ×
1.25 3
( ∵D = 25cm least distance of distinct vision ) = 200
Hence the magnifying power of the compound microscope is 200

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question167
The focal lengths of objective lens and eye lens of a Galilean telescope
are respectively 30 cm and 3.0 cm. telescope produces virtual, erect
image of an object situated far away from it at least distance of distinct
vision from the eye lens. In this condition, the magnifying power of the
Galilean telescope should be:
[Online April 9, 2014]
Options:

A. + 11.2

B. – 11.2

C. – 8.8

D. + 8.8

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Given, Focal length of objective, f 0 = 30cm
focal length of eye lens, f e = 3.0cm
Magnifying power, M = ?
Magnifying power of the Galilean telescope,
f
MD= 0 1− e
fe
( f
D
)
=
30
3
1− (3
25 )
[∵D = 25cm]
22
= 10 × = 8.8cm
25

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question168
A printed page is pressed by a glass of water. The refractive index of the
glass and water is 1.5 and 1.33, respectively. If the thickness of the
bottom of glass is 1 cm and depth of water is 5 cm, how much the page
will appear to be shifted if viewed from the top ?
[Online April 25, 2013]
Options:

A. 1.033 cm

B. 3.581 cm

C. 1.3533 cm

D. 1.90 cm

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Real depth = 5 cm + 1cm = 6 cm

d1 d2
Apparent depth = + + .....
µ1 µ2
5 1
= +
1.33 1.5
≃3.8 + 0.7 ≃ 4.5cm
∴ Shift = 6cm − 4.5cm ≅ 1.5cm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question169
A light ray falls on a square glass slab as shown in the diagram. The
index of refraction of the glass, if total internal reflection is to occur at
the vertical face, is equal to :

[Online April 23, 2013]

Options:
 (√2 + 1)
A. 2

B. √ 5
2

C. 3
2

D. √ 3
2

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
At point A by Snell's law
sin 45° 1
µ= ⇒ sin r = .......(i)
sin r µ√2
At point B, for total internal reflection,
1
sin i1 =
µ

From figure, i1 = 90° − r

1
∴(sin 90° − r) =
µ
1
⇒cos r = .......(ii)
µ
Now cos r = √ 1 − sin2r = √ 1 − 12
2µ

=
√2µ2 − 1
2µ2
.......(iii)

From eqs (ii) and (iii)

1
µ
=
√
2µ2 − 1
2µ2
Squaring both sides and then solving, we get
µ=
3
2 √
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question170
Light is incident from a medium into air at two possible angles of
incidence (A) 20° and (B) 40°. In the medium light travels 3.0 cm in 0.2
ns. The ray will :
[Online April 9, 2013]
Options:

A. suffer total internal reflection in both cases (A) and (B)

B. suffer total internal reflection in case (B) only

C. have partial reflection and partial transmission in case (B)

D. have 100% transmission in case (A)

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Velocity of light in medium
−2
3cm 3 × 10 m
V med = = −9
= 1.5m ∕ s
0.2ns 0.2 × 10 s
Refractive index of the medium
V air 3 × 108
µ= = = 2m ∕ s
V med 1.5
1
As µ =
sin C
1 1
∴sin C = = = 30°
µ 2
Condition of TIR is angle of incidence i must be greater than critical angle. Hence raywill suffer TIR in case of (B)
(i = 40° > 30°) only.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question171
Diameter of a plano-convex lens is 6 cm and thickness at the centre is 3
mm. If speed of light in material of lens is 2 × 108 m/s, the focal length
of the lens is
[2013]
Options:

A. 15 cm

B. 20 cm

C. 30 cm

D. 10 cm

Answer: C

Solution:

Velocity of light in vacuum

∴n =
Velocity of light in medium
3
∴n =
2
2 2 2
3 + (R − 3mm) = R
2 2 2 2
⇒3 + R − 2R(3mm) + (3mm) = R
⇒R ≈ 15cm
1
f
= ( 32 − 1 ) ( 151 ) ⇒f = 30cm
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question172
The image of an illuminated square is obtained on a screen with the
help of a converging lens. The distance of the square from the lens is 40
cm. The area of the image is 9 times that of the square. The focal length
of the lens is :
[Online April 22, 2013]
Options:

A. 36 cm

B. 27 cm

C. 60 cm

D. 30 cm

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
If side of object square = l
and side of image square = l ′
l ′2
From question, =9
l
l′
or =3
l
i.e., magnification m = 3
u = −40cm
v = 3 × 40 = 120cm
f =?
1 1 1
From formula , − =
v u f
1 1 1
− =
120 −40 f
1 1 1 1+3
or, = + = ∴f = 30cm
f 120 40 120

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question173
The graph between angle of deviation (δ) and angle of incidence (i) for a
triangular prism is represented by
[2013]
Options:

A.
B.

C.

D.

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
For the prism as the angle of incidence (i) increases, the angle of deviation (δ) first decreases goes to minimum value
and then increases.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question174
This question has Statement-1 and Statement-2. Of the four choices
given after the Statements, choose the one that best describes the two
Statements.
Statement 1: Very large size telescopes are reflecting telescopes instead
of refracting telescopes.
Statement 2: It is easier to provide mechanical support to large size
mirrors than large size lenses.
[Online April 23, 2013]
Options:

A. Statement-1 is true and Statement-2 is false.

B. Statement-1 is false and Statement-2 is true.

C. Statement-1 and statement-2 are true and Statement - 2 is correct explanation for statement-
1.

D. Statements-1 and statement-2 are true and Statement-2 is not the correct explanation for
statement-1.

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
One side of mirror is opaque and another side is reflecting this is not in case of lens hence, it is easier to provide
mechanical support to large size mirrors than large size lenses. Reflecting telescopes are based on the same principle
except that the formation of images takes place by reflection instead of refraction.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question175
The focal length of the objective and the eyepiece of a telescope are 50
cm and 5 cm respectively. If the telescope is focussed for distinct vision
on a scale distant 2 m from its objective, then its magnifying power will
be:
[Online April 22, 2013]
Options:

A. – 4

B. – 8

C. + 8

D. – 2

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Given: f 0 = 50cm, f e = 5cm
d = 25cm, u0 = −200cm
Magnification M = ?
1 1 1
As − =
v0 u0 f0
1 1 1 1 1 4−1 3
⇒ = + = − = =
v0 f 0 u0 50 200 200 200
200
or v0 = cm
3
Now ve = d = −25cm
1 1 1
From, − =
ve ue fe
1 1 1
− = −
ue f e ve
1 1 6
= + =
5 25 25
−25
or, ve = cm
6
Magnification M = M 0 × M e
v v −200 ∕ 3 −25
= 0× e = ×
u0 ue 200 −25 ∕ 6
1
= − × 6 = −2
3

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question176
An object at 2.4 m in front of a lens forms a sharp image on a film 12
cm behind the lens. A glass plate 1cm thick, of refractive index 1.50 is
interposed between lens and film with its plane faces parallel to film. At
what distance (from lens) should object shifted to be in sharp focus of
film?
[2012]
Options:

A. 7.2 m

B. 2.4 m

C. 3.2 m

D. 5.6 m

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
The focal length of the lens
1 1 1
= −
f v u
1 1
= +
12 240
20 + 1 21
= =
240 240
240
f = cm
21
When glass plate is interposed between lens and film, so shift produced will be
Shift = t 1 − ( 1
µ )
(
1 1−
3∕2
1
=1×) 1
3
Now image should be form at
1 35
v′ = 12 − = cm
3 3
Now the object distance u.
Using lens formula again
1 1 1
= −
f v′ u
1 1 1
⇒ = −
u v′ f
⇒ =
1
u
3
−
35 240
21
=
1 3 21
−
5 7 48 [ ]
⇒ =
1
u [
1 48 − 49
5 7 × 16 ]
⇒u = −7 × 16 × 5 = −560cm = −5.6m

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question177
A beam of light consisting of red, green and blue colours is incident on
a right-angled prism on face AB. The refractive indices of the material
for the above red, green and blue colours are 1.39, 1.44 and 1.47
respectively. A person looking on surface AC of the prism will see

[Online May 26, 2012]

Options:

A. no light

B. green and blue colours

C. red and green colours

D. red colour only

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
For light to come out through face 'AC', total internal reflection must not take place.
i.e., θ < c ⇒ sin θ < sin c
1
⇒sin θ <
µ
1 1
or µ < ⇒µ<
sin θ sin 45°
⇒µ < √2 ⇒ µ < 1.414

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question178
A glass prism of refractive index 1.5 is immersed in water (refractive
index 43 ) as shown in figure. A light beam incident normally on the face
AB is totally reflected to reach the face BC, if

[Online May 19, 2012]

Options:
 5
A. sin θ > 9

2
B. sin θ > 3

C. sin θ > 8
9

1
D. sin θ > 3

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
For total internal reflection on face AC
θ> critical angle (C)
and sin θ ≥ sin C
1
sin θ ≥
wµ
g
4
µw 3
sin θ ≥ ⇒ sin θ ≥
µg 3
2
8
∴sin θ ≥
9

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question179
Which of the following processes play a part in the formation of a
rainbow?
(i) Refraction
(ii) Total internal reflection
(iii) Dispersion
(iv) Interference
[Online May 7, 2012]
Options:

A. (i), (ii) and (iii)

B. (i) and (ii)

C. (i), (ii) and (iv)

D. (iii) and (iv)

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Rainbow is formed due to the dispersion of light suffering refraction and total internal reflection (TIR) in the droplets
present in the atmosphere

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question180
A telescope of aperture 3 × 10−2m diameter is focused on a window at
80m distance fitted with a wiremesh of spacing 2 × 10−3m. Given:
λ = 5.5 × 10−7m, which of the following is true for observing the mesh
through the telescope?
[Online May 26, 2012]
Options:

A. Yes, it is possible with the same aperture size.

B. Possible also with an aperture half the present diameter.

C. No, it is not possible.

D. Given data is not sufficient.

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Given : d = 3 × 10−2m
−7
λ = 5.5 × 10 m
1.22λ
Limit of resolution, Δθ =
d
1.22 × 5.5 × 10−7
= = 2.23 × 10−5rad
3 × 10−2
At a distance of 80m, the telescope is able to resolve between two points which are separated by 2.23 × 10−5 ×80m
= 1.78 × 10−3m

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question181
We wish to make a microscope with the help of two positive lenses both
with a focal length of 20 mm each and the object is positioned 25 mm
from the objective lens. How far apart the lenses should be so that the
final image is formed at infinity?
[Online May 12, 2012]
Options:

A. 20 mm

B. 100 mm

C. 120 mm

D. 80 mm

Answer: C

Solution:
To obtain final image at infinity, object which is the image formed by objective should be at focal distance of eyepiece.
By lens formula (for objective)
1 1 1
− =
v0 u0 f0
1 1 1
or, − =
v0 −25 20
1 1 1 5−4 1
⇒ = − = = mm
v0 20 25 100 100
∴v0 = 100mm
Therefore the distance between the lenses
= v0 + f e = 100mm + 20mm = 120mm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question182
A car is fitted with a convex side-view mirror of focal length 20 cm. A
second car 2.8 m behind the first car is overtaking the first car at a
relative speed of 15 m/s. The speed of the image of the second car as
seen in the mirror of the first one is :
[2011]
Options:

1
A. m/s
15

B. 10 m/s

C. 15 m/s

1
D. m/s
10

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
From mirror formula
1 1 1
+ =
v u f
Differentiating the above equation, we get
2
dv
dt
=− 2
v du
u dt
( )
Also,
v f
=
u u−f

( )
dv f 2d u
⇒ =−
dt u−f dt
 ( )
dv 0.2 2
⇒ = × 15
dt 2.8 − 0.2
dv 1
⇒ = m∕s
dt 15

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question183
Let the x − z plane be the boundary between two transparent media.
Medium 1 in z ≥ 0 has a refractive index of √2 and medium 2 with z < 0
has a refractive index of √3 . Aray of light in medium 1 given by the
→ ^ ^ ^
vector A = 6√3 i + 8√3 j − 10 k is incident on the plane of separation. The
angle of refraction in medium 2 is:
[2011]
Options:

A. 45°

B. 60°

C. 75°

D. 30°

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
As refractive index for z > 0 and z ≤ 0 is different xy plane should be the boundry between two media.
Angle of incidence is given by
( 6√3 ^i + 8√3 ^j − 10^k ) . ^k
cos(π − i) =
20

1
−cos i = −
2
⇒∠i = 60°
From Snell's law, µ = √2
sin i u
= 2
sin r u1
sin i √3
⇒ =
sin r √2
⇒√2 sin i = √3 sin r
⇒√2 sin 60° = √3
√3
⇒√2 × = √3 sin r
2
⇒∠r = 45°

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question184
A beaker contains water up to a height h1 and kerosene of height h2
above water so that the total height of (water + kerosene) is ( h1 + h2 ).
Refractive index of water is µ1 and that of kerosene is µ2. The apparent
shift in the position of the bottom of the beaker when viewed from
above is
[2011 RS]
Options:

A. (1+ )h − (1+ )h
1
µ1 1
1
µ2 2

B. (1− )h + (1− )h
1
µ1 1
1
µ2 2

C. (1+ )h − (1+ )h
1
µ1 2
1
µ2 1

D. (1− )h + (1− )h
1
µ1 2
1
µ2 1

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:

Apparent shift of the bottom due to water,

Δh1 = h1 1 − [ 1
µ1 ]
Apparent shift of the bottom due to kerosene, Δh2

= h2 1 −[ 1
µ2 ]
Thus, total apparent shift :
= Δh1 + Δh2

= ( 1 − µ1 ) h + ( 1 − µ1 ) h
1
1
2
2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question185
When monochromatic red light is used instead of blue light in a convex
lens, its focal length will
[2011 RS]
Options:

A. increase
B. decrease

C. remain same

D. does not depend on colour of light

Answer: A

Solution:
From the Cauchy
Formula, µ = A + B2 + C1
λ λ
1
∴µ ∝
λ
As, λblue < λred
∴λblue > µred
From lens maker's formula
1
and = (µ − 1)
f
1
−
R1 R2
1
( )
1 1
⇒ > ⇒fR>fB
fB fR

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question186
2
A transparent solid cylindrical rod has a refractive index of √3
. It is
surrounded by air. A light ray is incident at the mid-point of one end of
the rod as shown in the figure.

The incident angle θ for which the light ray grazes along the wall of the
rod is:
[2009]
Options:

A. sin−1(√3 ∕ 2)

B. sin−1 ( )2
√3

C. sin
−1
( )1
√3

−1
D. sin (1 ∕ 2)

Answer: C

Solution:
Applying Snell's law for medium inside the cylinder and air at Q we get
sin 90° 1
n= =
sin(90° − α) cos α
1
∴cos α =
n
√ n2 − 1 ......(i)
∴sin α = √ 1 − cos2α 1 − 12 =
n
=
√ n
Applying Snell’s Law for air and medium inside the cylinder at P we get
sin θ
n=
sin α
⇒sin θ = n × sin α = √ n2 − 1 ; [from (i)]

√ ( √32 ) √ 43 − 1 = √13
2
∴sin θ = −1 =

or θ = sin−1 ( √13 )
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question187
In an optics experiment, with the position of the object fixed, a student
varies the position of a convex lens and for each position, the screen is
adjusted to get a clear image of the object. A graph between the object
distance u and the image distance v, from the lens, is plotted using the
same scale for the two axes. A straight line passing through the origin
and making an angle of 45° with the x-axis meets the experimental
curve at P. The coordinates of P will be
[2009]
Options:

A. ( f f
,
2 2 )
B. (f , f )

C. (4f , 4f )

D. (2f , 2f )

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
For the graph to intersect y = x line. The value of |v| and |u| must be equal.
From lens formula
1 1 1
− =
v u f
When u = −2f , v = 2f
f
Also v =
f
1+
u
As |u| increases, v decreases for |u| > f . The graph between |v| and |u| is shown in the figure. A straight line passing
through the origin and making an angle of 45° with the X-axis meets the experimental curve at P(2f , 2f ).

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question188
A student measures the focal length of a convex lens by putting an
object pin at a distance ‘u’ from the lens and measuring the distance ‘v’
of the image pin. The graph between ‘u’ and ‘v’ plotted by the student
should look like
[2008]
Options:

A.

B.

C.

D.
Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
1 1 1
From the lens formula = −
f v u
This graph suggest that when
u = −f , v = +∞
When u is at −∞, v = f .

When the object is moved further away from the lens, v decreases but remains positive.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question189
An experiment is performed to find the refractive index of glass using a
travelling microscope. In this experiment distances are measured by
[2008]
Options:

A. a vernier scale provided on the microscope

B. a standard laboratory scale

C. a meter scale provided on the microscope

D. a screw gauge provided on the microscope

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
To find the refractive index of glass using a travelling microscope, a vernier scale is provided on the microscope

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question190
Two lenses of power –15 D and +5 D are in contact with each other. The
focal length of the combination is
[2007]
Options:

A. + 10 cm

B. – 20 cm

C. – 10 cm

D. + 20 cm

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
When two thin lenses are in contact coaxially, power of combination is given by
P = P1 + P2
= (−15 + 5)D
= −10D.
1
Also, P =
f
1 1
⇒f = = metre
P −10
∴f = −
1
10( )
× 100 cm = −10cm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question191
The refractive index of a glass is 1.520 for red light and 1.525 for blue
light. Let D1 and D2 be angles of minimum deviation for red and blue
light respectively in a prism of this glass. Then,
[2006]
Options:

A. $D_{1}

B. D1 = D2

C. D1 can be less than or greater than D2 depending upon the angle of prism

D. D1 > D2

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
When angle of prism is small,
Angle of deviation, D = (µ − 1)A
Since λb < λr
⇒µr < µb ⇒ D1 < D2
Question192
A fish looking up through the water sees the outside world contained in
a circular horizon. If the refractive index of water is 43 and the fish is
12cm below the surface, the radius of this circle in cm is
[2005]
Options:

A. 36
√7

B. 36√7

C. 4√5

D. 36√5

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
From the figure it is clear that
AB
tan θc =
OA
⇒R = OA tan θc
OA sin θc
⇒R =
cos θc
OA sin θc
⇒R =
√ 1 − sin2θc
R sin θc
⇒tan θc = =
12
√ 1 − sin2θc
1 3
∵sin θc = =
µ 4
3 3 R
⇒tan θc = = =
√16 − 9 √7 12

36
⇒R = cm
√7

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question193
A thin glass (refractive index 1.5) lens has optical power of – 5 D in air.
Its optical power in a liquid medium with refractive index 1.6 will be
[2005]
Options:

A. – 1D

B. 1 D

C. – 25 D

D. 25 D

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
According to lens maker's formula in air
1
fa
= (aµg − 1)
1
−
R1 R2(
1
)
⇒
1
fa
=
1.5
1 (
−1
1
−
R1 R2)(
1
......(i) )
Using lens maker's formula in liquid medium,
1
fm
= (
µg
µm
−1
1
−
R1 R2)(
1
)
⇒
1
fm
=
1.5
1.6( −1
1
)(
−
1
R1 R2
.......(ii) )
Dividing (i) by (ii),

( )
fm 1.5 − 1
= = −8
fa 1.5
−1
1.6
1
Pa = −5 =
fa
1
⇒f a = −
5
1 8
⇒f m = −8 × f a = −8× − =
5 5
µ 1.6
Pm = = × 5 = 1D
fm 8

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question194
A plano convex lens of refractive index 1.5 and radius of curvature 30
cm. Is silvered at the curved surface. Now this lens has been used to
form the image of an object. At what distance from this lens an object
be placed in order to have a real image of size of the object
[2004]
Options:

A. 60 cm

B. 30 cm

C. 20 cm

D. 80 cm
Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
The focal length (F ) of the final mirror is
1 2 1
= +
F fl fm
Using lens maker's formula
1
Here
f l = (µ − 1)
1
−
R1 R2 (1
)
Here, R1 = ∞
R2 = 30cm

= (1.5 − 1) [ ∞1 − −30
1
] = 601
1 1 1 1
∴ =2× + =
F 60 30 ∕ 2 10
∴F = 10cm
Real image will be equal to the size of the object if the object distance
u = 2F = 20cm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question195
A light ray is incident perpendicularly to one face of a 90° prism and is
totally internally reflected at the glass-air interface. If the angle of
reflection is 45°, we conclude that the refractive index n

[2004]
Options:

A. n > 1
√2

B. n > √2

C. n < 1
√2

D. n < √2

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
For total internal reflection
Incident angle (i)> critical angle (ic),
∴sin i > sin ic
 1
⇒sin 45° > sin ic ⇒ sin ic =
n
1
∴sin 45° >
n
1 1
⇒ > ⇒ n > √2
√2 n

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question196
To get three images of a single object, one should have two plane
mirrors at an angle of
[2003]
Options:

A. 60º

B. 90º

C. 120º

D. 30º

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
The number of images formed is given by
360
n= −1
θ
360
⇒ −1=3
θ
360°
⇒θ = = 90°
4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question197
Consider telecommunication through optical fibres. Which of the
following statements is not true?
[2003]
Options:

A. Optical fibres can be of graded refractive index

B. Optical fibres are subject to electromagnetic interference from outside

C. Optical fibres have extremely low transmission loss

D. Optical fibres may have homogeneous core with a suitable cladding.

Answer: B

Solution:
Optical fibres form a dielectric wave guide and are free from electromagnetic interference or radio frequency
interference. There is extremely low transmission loss in optical fibre

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question198
The image formed by an objective of a compound microscope is
[2003]
Options:

A. virtual and diminished

B. real and diminished

C. real and enlarged

D. virtual and enlarged

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
A real, inverted and enlarged image of the object is formed by the objective lens of a compound microscope.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question199
If two plane mirrors are kept at 60° to each other, then the number of
images formed by them is
[2002]
Options:

A. 5

B. 6

C. 7

D. 8

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
When two plane mirrors are inclined at each other at an angle θ then the number of the images (n) of a point object kept
between the plane mirrors is
360°
n= −1
θ
360°
(if is even integer)
θ
360°
∴ Number of images d = −1=5
60°
Question200
Which of the following is used in optical fibres?
[2002]
Options:

A. total internal reflection

B. scattering

C. diffraction

D. refraction.

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
In an optical fibre, light is sent through the fibre without any loss by the phenomenon of total internal reflection. Total
internal reflection of light waves confine the light rays inside the optical fiber.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question201
An astronomical telescope has a large aperture to
[2002]
Options:

A. reduce spherical aberration

B. have high resolution

C. increase span of observation

D. have low dispersion

Answer: B

Solution:

The resolving power of a telescope is

D
R.P=
1.22λ
where D = diameter of the objective lens
λ = wavelength of light.
D
Clearly, R . P ∝
λ
Resolving power of telescope resolution will be high if its objective is of large aperture.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------