1. Which of the following elements is a metal?

a) Carbon
b) Sodium
c) Sulphur
d) Chlorine

2. Metals are generally:

a) Dull in appearance
b) Poor conductors of heat
c) Malleable
d) Non-lustrous

3. Which metal is liquid at room temperature?

a) Iron
b) Gold
c) Mercury
d) Lead

4. The most abundant metal in the Earth's crust is:

a) Aluminium
b) Copper
c) Silver
d) Iron

5. Which of the following metals can displace hydrogen from acids?

a) Copper
b) Zinc
c) Silver
d) Gold

6. Which of the following metals is known as the "king of metals"?

a) Iron
b) Platinum
c) Gold
d) Silver

7. The reactivity of metals generally:

a) Increases down a group
b) Decreases down a group
c) Remains constant
d) Is independent of the group

8. Which of the following metals is used in making coins?

a) Aluminium
b) Nickel
c) Zinc
d) Silver
9. Metals can be distinguished from non-metals by their ability to:
a) Conduct electricity
b) Form covalent bonds
c) Have high ionisation energy
d) Exist in gaseous state

10. Which metal is commonly used in electrical wiring?

a) Copper
b) Iron
c) Aluminium
d) Zinc

11. The property of metals that allows them to be drawn into wires is called:
a) Malleability
b) Ductility
c) Conductivity
d) Reactivity

12. The hardest natural material is:

a) Diamond
b) Iron
c) Graphite
d) Quartz

13. Which metal reacts vigorously with water?

a) Lead
b) Sodium
c) Copper
d) Gold

14. The oxidation state of most metals in their compounds is:

a) Positive
b) Negative
c) Zero
d) Variable

15. Which of the following metals is used in the production of stainless steel?
a) Copper
b) Nickel
c) Aluminium
d) Iron

16. The primary ore of aluminium is:

a) Hematite
b) Bauxite
c) Galena
d) Magnetite
17. Which of the following metals is not reactive with dilute acids?
a) Magnesium
b) Iron
c) Copper
d) Zinc

18. The method used to extract metals from their ores is called:
a) Sintering
b) Reduction
c) Electrolysis
d) Refining

19. Which metal is known for its high resistance to corrosion?

a) Iron
b) Copper
c) Gold
d) Silver

20. The alloy used in making aircraft is primarily made of:

a) Iron
b) Aluminium
c) Bronze
d) Brass

21. The term "alloy" refers to:

a) A pure metal
b) A mixture of metals
c) A compound of metals and non-metals
d) A solid solution

22. Which of the following metals is used as a catalyst in the Haber process?
a) Iron
b) Nickel
c) Copper
d) Platinum

23. The most reactive metal among alkali metals is:

a) Lithium
b) Sodium
c) Potassium
d) Rubidium

24. Which of the following is a transition metal?

a) Calcium
b) Sodium
c) Iron
d) Aluminium
25. Which of the following reactions is an example of a redox reaction?
a) HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
b) Zn + CuSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + Cu
c) H₂ + Cl₂ → 2HCl
d) C + O₂ → CO₂

---

26-50: Non-Metals

26. Which of the following is non-metal?

a) Calcium
b) Chlorine
c) Iron
d) Sodium

27. Non-metals generally:

a) Conduct electricity well
b) Have low melting points
c) Are malleable
d) Are ductile

28. Which of the following non-metals is a gas at room temperature?

a) Phosphorus
b) Carbon
c) Oxygen
d) Sulphur

29. The most reactive non-metal is:

a) Nitrogen
b) Oxygen
c) Fluorine
d) Chlorine

30. The allotrope of carbon that is used in pencils is:

a) Diamond
b) Graphite
c) Fullerenes
d) Amorphous carbon

31. Which non-metal is essential for respiration?

a) Carbon
b) Oxygen
c) Nitrogen
d) Hydrogen

32. The chemical formula for sulfuric acid is:

a) H₂SO₄
b) HCl
c) HNO₃
d) H₂CO₃

33. The primary use of chlorine is in:

a) Producing fertilisers
b) Water purification
c) Making plastics
d) Industrial cleaning

34. Which of the following is a property of non-metals?

a) High density
b) Lustrous
c) Good conductors of heat
d) Poor conductors of heat

35. Which non-metal is commonly used in the manufacture of fertilisers?

a) Phosphorus
b) Sulphur
c) Carbon
d) Argon

36. Which of the following is a diatomic molecule?

a) H₂O
b) O₂
c) CO₂
d) NH₃

37. The gaseous non-metal that supports combustion is:

a) Carbon dioxide
b) Nitrogen
c) Oxygen
d) Hydrogen

38. The non-metal that is a good conductor of electricity is:

a) Sulphur
b) Phosphorus
c) Carbon (in the form of graphite)
d) Chlorine

39. Which non-metal is known for its pungent odour and is commonly used in disinfectants?
a) Chlorine
b) Sulphur
c) Nitrogen
d) Oxygen

40. The chemical formula for the most common form of phosphorus is:
a) P
b) P₂O₅
c) P₄
d) PO₄³⁻

41. The primary source of nitrogen in the atmosphere is:

a) Ammonia
b) Nitrates
c) Nitrogen gas (N₂)
d) Nitric acid

42. Which of the following non-metals is liquid at room temperature?

a) Iodine
b) Bromine
c) Chlorine
d) Nitrogen

43. The process of burning non-metals in oxygen generally produces:

a) Salts
b) Acids
c) Bases
d) All of the above

44. Which of the following is a property of noble gases?

a) They are highly reactive
b) They have low ionisation energies
c) They are monatomic gases
d) They easily form compounds

45. Which of the following non-metals is used in the manufacture of matches?

a) Phosphorus
b) Carbon
c) Sulphur
d) Chlorine

46. The chemical formula for sodium bicarbonate is:

a) Na₂CO₃
b) NaHCO₃
c) NaOH
d) NaCl

47. Which of the following non-metals is used in the treatment of acidosis?

a) Nitrogen
b) Oxygen
c) Sodium bicarbonate
d) Phosphorus

48. Which non-metal is essential for plant growth?

a) Nitrogen
b) Carbon
c) Oxygen
d) Hydrogen

49. The chemical formula for hydrochloric acid is:

a) H₂SO₄
b) HCl
c) HNO₃
d) H₂CO₃

50. Which non-metal is commonly found in organic compounds?

a) Phosphorus
b) Sulphur
c) Nitrogen
d) All of the above

1. In a chemical reaction, the substances that undergo change are called:

a) Products
b) Reactants
c) Catalysts
d) Solvents

2. The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of propane (C₃H₈) is:
a) C₃H₈ + 5O₂ → 3CO₂ + 4H₂O
b) C₃H₈ + 4O₂ → 3CO₂ + 3H₂O
c) C₃H₈ + 3O₂ → 2CO₂ + 3H₂O
d) C₃H₈ + 2O₂ → 3CO + 4H₂O

3. A reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a single product is known as:
a) Decomposition reaction
b) Combination reaction
c) Displacement reaction
d) Redox reaction

4. The law that states mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction is:
a) Law of conservation of mass
b) Law of definite proportions
c) Law of multiple proportions
d) Avogadro's law

5. In the reaction 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O, the coefficient of H₂O represents:

a) 1 molecule
b) 2 molecules
c) 3 molecules
d) 4 molecules

6. Which of the following is an example of a decomposition reaction?

a) 2Na + Cl₂ → 2NaCl
b) 2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂
c) H₂ + O₂ → H₂O
d) CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂

7. The chemical equation for the reaction of zinc with hydrochloric acid is:
a) Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂
b) Zn + HCl → ZnCl + H₂
c) Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl + 2H
d) Zn + 2HCl → ZnH₂ + Cl₂

8. The term “exothermic reaction” refers to a reaction that:

a) Absorbs heat
b) Releases heat
c) Occurs spontaneously
d) Requires a catalyst

9. In a double displacement reaction, the products are formed by:

a) Exchange of ions between two compounds
b) Combination of elements
c) Decomposition of a compound
d) Addition of reactants

10. What type of reaction is represented by the equation: NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H₂O?
a) Combination reaction
b) Decomposition reaction
c) Neutralisation reaction
d) Redox reaction

11. Which of the following reactions is classified as a redox reaction?

a) CaO + H₂O → Ca(OH)₂
b) 2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO
c) NaCl → Na + Cl₂
d) 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O

12. The reaction 2Fe + 3Cl₂ → 2FeCl₃ involves:

a) Oxidation
b) Reduction
c) Both oxidation and reduction
d) Neither oxidation nor reduction

13. What is produced when an acid reacts with a carbonate?

a) Salt and water
b) Salt and carbon dioxide
c) Salt and hydrogen
d) Water and hydrogen

14. The symbol (aq) in a chemical equation indicates that a substance is:
a) Solid
b) Liquid
c) Gaseous
d) Aqueous (dissolved in water)

15. In the equation C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O, what is the role of glucose?
a) Product
b) Catalyst
c) Reactant
d) Solvent

16. Which of the following is a characteristic of an endothermic reaction?

a) It releases heat.
b) It absorbs heat.
c) It occurs spontaneously.
d) It does not require energy.

17. The balanced equation for the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate is:
a) CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂
b) CaCO₃ + CO₂ → CaO
c) CaCO₃ → Ca + CO₂
d) CaCO₃ + CaO → 2CaCO₃

18. The process of converting an acid and a base into a salt and water is known as:
a) Synthesis
b) Decomposition
c) Neutralisation
d) Combustion

19. In a chemical reaction, the total mass of the products:

a) Is greater than the total mass of the reactants
b) Is less than the total mass of the reactants
c) Is equal to the total mass of the reactants
d) Cannot be determined

20. The reaction of an element with oxygen to produce heat and light is known as:
a) Decomposition
b) Combustion
c) Synthesis
d) Displacement

21. Which of the following is a displacement reaction?

a) 2KCl + Br₂ → 2KBr + Cl₂
b) Na + Cl₂ → 2NaCl
c) CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂
d) H₂ + O₂ → H₂O

22. A reaction in which a substance loses electrons is known as:

a) Oxidation
b) Reduction
c) Precipitation
d) Neutralization

23. The process of a solid forming from a solution during a chemical reaction is called:
a) Precipitation
b) Neutralisation
c) Synthesis
d) Combustion

24. Which of the following is not a sign of a chemical reaction?

a) Colour change
b) Gas production
c) Change in state
d) Temperature change

25. The balanced equation for the combustion of methane (CH₄) is:
a) CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O
b) CH₄ + O₂ → CO + 2H₂O
c) CH₄ + O₂ → C + 2H₂O
d) CH₄ + 3O₂ → 2CO₂ + 2H₂O

26. In a chemical reaction, the substances formed as a result are called:

a) Reactants
b) Catalysts
c) Products
d) Solvents

27. The reaction of sodium metal with water is an example of:

a) Exothermic reaction
b) Endothermic reaction
c) Neutralisation
d) Precipitation

28. Which of the following equations represents a combustion reaction?

a) 2Na + Cl₂ → 2NaCl
b) C₃H₈ + 5O₂ → 3CO₂ + 4H₂O
c) CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂
d) 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O

29. Which gas is produced when hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate (baking
soda)?
a) Hydrogen
b) Oxygen
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Nitrogen
30. The reaction 4Al + 3O₂ → 2Al₂O₃ is an example of:
a) Single displacement
b) Double displacement
c) Synthesis
d) Decomposition

31. In a balanced chemical equation, the number of atoms of each element must:
a) Be equal on both sides
b) Be greater on the reactant side
c) Be greater on the product side
d) Vary depending on the reaction

32. Which of the following compounds is a product of the neutralisation reaction between
hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide?
a) NaCl
b) NaOH
c) H₂O
d) Both a and c

33. In the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid, the zinc displaces hydrogen
because:
a) Zinc is less reactive than hydrogen
b) Zinc is more reactive than hydrogen
c) Zinc has a higher atomic number
d) Zinc is a metal

34. The reaction of iron with oxygen to form rust is an example of:
a) Combustion
b) Oxidation
c) Reduction
d) Decomposition

35. In a chemical equation, the coefficients indicate:

a) The physical state of the reactants
b) The amount of each substance involved in the reaction
c) The temperature of the reaction
d) The pressure of the reaction

36. What is the general formula for combustion reactions of hydrocarbons?

a) Hydrocarbon + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O
b) Hydrocarbon + H₂O → CO₂ + H₂
c) Hydrocarbon + CO₂ → H₂ + O₂
d) Hydrocarbon + O₂ → H₂

37. In the reaction , how many molecules of water are produced from 4 molecules of
hydrogen?
a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) 8

38. Which of the following reactions is an example of a combination reaction?

a)
b)
c)
d)

39. What type of reaction occurs when it is heated to produce ?

a) Synthesis
b) Decomposition
c) Single displacement
d) Double displacement

40. The balanced equation for the reaction between calcium hydroxide and sulfuric acid to
form calcium sulphate and water is:
a)
b)
c)
d)

41. Which of the following is an indication that a chemical reaction has occurred?
a) Change in colour
b) Formation of a precipitate
c) Production of gas
d) All of the above

42. The process by which an ionic compound separates into ions in solution is called:
a) Synthesis
b) Dissociation
c) Neutralisation
d) Hydrolysis

43. In the equation , what happens to magnesium?

a) It is oxidised
b) It is reduced
c) It is unchanged
d) It is displaced

44. The reaction between an acid and a base to form water and a salt is known as:
a) Oxidation
b) Reduction
c) Hydrolysis
d) Neutralization
45. Which of the following compounds is a product of the reaction between acetic acid and
sodium bicarbonate?
a) Sodium acetate
b) Water
c) Carbon dioxide
d) All of the above

46. The formation of rust (iron oxide) from iron and oxygen is an example of:
a) A synthesis reaction
b) A decomposition reaction
c) An oxidation reaction
d) A displacement reaction

47. In a chemical reaction, if the reactants are present in excess, the reaction is said to be:
a) Limiting
b) Complete
c) Incomplete
d) Reversible

48. Which of the following statements is true about a balanced chemical equation?
a) It shows the physical states of the reactants and products.
b) It must have the same number of atoms of each element on both sides.
c) It allows chemists to predict the amount of products formed.
d) All of the above.

49. The energy required to break bonds in the reactants is called:

a) Activation energy
b) Reaction energy
c) Kinetic energy
d) Potential energy

50. Which of the following is a common product of a combustion reaction?

a) Water
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Both a and b
d) Oxygen

1-25: Acids and Bases

1. Which of the following is a strong acid?

a) Acetic acid
b) Hydrochloric acid
c) Citric acid
d) Carbonic acid

2. The pH of a neutral solution at 25°C is:

a) 0
b) 7
c) 14
d) 1

3. Which of the following indicators turns red in an acidic solution?

a) Phenolphthalein
b) Methyl orange
c) Bromothymol blue
d) Litmus

4. A solution with a pH less than 7 is:

a) Neutral
b) Basic
c) Acidic
d) Saline

5. The reaction between an acid and a base produces:

a) Salt and water
b) Hydrogen gas
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Ammonia

6. Which of the following is a property of acids?

a) They taste bitter
b) They turn blue litmus red
c) They feel slippery
d) They produce hydroxide ions in solution

7. The term "alkali" refers to:

a) All bases
b) Soluble bases
c) Strong acids
d) Weak acids

8. Which of the following is used to measure pH?

a) Thermometer
b) Barometer
c) pH metre
d) Anemometer

9. An example of a weak base is:

a) Sodium hydroxide
b) Potassium hydroxide
c) Ammonium hydroxide
d) Calcium hydroxide

10. The salt produced when hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide is:
a) Sodium chloride
b) Potassium chloride
c) Calcium chloride
d) Magnesium chloride

11. Which of the following statements is true about bases?

a) They taste sour
b) They produce H⁺ ions in solution
c) They turn red litmus blue
d) They are always soluble in water

12. The chemical formula for sulfuric acid is:

a) HCl
b) H₂SO₄
c) HNO₃
d) CH₃COOH

13. Which acid is found in vinegar?

a) Hydrochloric acid
b) Lactic acid
c) Acetic acid
d) Citric acid

14. What is the pH of a solution that has a hydrogen ion concentration of ?

a) 1
b) 3
c) 7
d) 10

15. Which of the following is an amphoteric substance?

a) HCl
b) NaOH
c) H₂O
d) NH₃

16. The process of neutralisation involves:

a) Combining an acid with a base
b) Mixing two acids
c) Mixing two bases
d) Adding water to an acid

17. Which of the following compounds is an example of a salt?

a) HCl
b) NaOH
c) NaCl
d) H₂O

18. The ion responsible for the acidic properties of a solution is:
a) OH⁻
b) H⁺
c) Na⁺
d) Cl⁻

19. Which of the following is a characteristic property of acids?

a) They feel slippery
b) They conduct electricity
c) They turn litmus blue
d) They produce OH⁻ ions

20. The reaction of an acid with a carbonate produces:

a) Salt and water
b) Salt and carbon dioxide
c) Hydrogen gas
d) Ammonia

21. Which of the following indicators is used for strong acids and strong bases?
a) Methyl orange
b) Phenolphthalein
c) Universal indicator
d) Litmus

22. The product of the reaction between a strong acid and a weak base is:
a) A salt that is neutral
b) An acidic salt
c) A basic salt
d) An amphoteric salt

23. Which of the following bases is commonly used in the production of soap?
a) Sodium hydroxide
b) Potassium chloride
c) Calcium carbonate
d) Magnesium hydroxide

24. What is the chemical formula for sodium bicarbonate?

a) Na₂CO₃
b) NaHCO₃
c) NaOH
d) NaCl

25. Which of the following is not a property of bases?

a) They taste bitter
b) They feel slippery
c) They turn red litmus blue
d) They produce H⁺ ions in solution

---
26-50: Salts

26. A salt formed from the neutralisation of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide is:
a) NaCl
b) KCl
c) CaCl₂
d) Na₂SO₄

27. The process of forming a salt by the reaction of an acid with a metal is called:
a) Neutralisation
b) Hydrolysis
c) Precipitation
d) Displacement

28. Which salt is commonly used in food preservation?

a) Calcium carbonate
b) Sodium chloride
c) Potassium sulphate
d) Magnesium chloride

29. The reaction of an acid with a carbonate produces which gas?

a) Oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Nitrogen
d) Hydrogen

30. Which of the following salts is used as a fertiliser?

a) Sodium chloride
b) Potassium nitrate
c) Calcium carbonate
d) Ammonium chloride

31. What type of salt is formed when an acid reacts with a base?
a) Neutral salt
b) Acidic salt
c) Basic salt
d) All of the above

32. The main component of baking soda is:

a) Sodium sulphate
b) Sodium bicarbonate
c) Sodium hydroxide
d) Sodium carbonate

33. Which of the following salts is used in the treatment of acidosis?

a) Sodium bicarbonate
b) Calcium carbonate
c) Ammonium chloride
d) Potassium nitrate

34. The salt formed by the reaction of sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide is:
a) KCl
b) K₂SO₄
c) KNO₃
d) K₂CO₃

35. Which salt is formed from the reaction of nitric acid and sodium hydroxide?
a) NaNO₃
b) Na₂SO₄
c) NaCl
d) Na₂CO₃

36. The main component of table salt is:

a) KCl
b) NaCl
c) MgCl₂
d) CaCl₂

37. Which of the following salts can be used as a desiccant?

a) Sodium chloride
b) Calcium chloride
c) Potassium nitrate
d) Ammonium sulphate

38. Salts can be classified based on:

a) The strength of the acid and base used to form them
b) Their solubility in water
c) The number of ions in the formula
d) All of the above

39. The salt commonly used in the treatment of indigestion is:

a) Sodium bicarbonate
b) Potassium nitrate
c) Ammonium sulphate
d) Calcium sulphate

40. Which salt is formed by the reaction of phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide?
a) Na₃PO₄
b) Na₂SO₄
c) NaCl
d) Na₂CO₃

41. Which of the following is a hygroscopic salt?

a) Sodium chloride
b) Calcium sulphate
c) Magnesium sulphate
d) Sodium carbonate

42. Which salt is used in the preparation of dry cells?

a) Sodium chloride
b) Ammonium chloride
c) Potassium nitrate
d) Calcium carbonate

43. The process by which salt is formed by the reaction of an acid with a metal oxide is
called:
a) Neutralisation
b) Hydrolysis
c) Displacement
d) Precipitation

44. Which of the following is a use of sodium bicarbonate?

a) Food preservative
b) Antacid
c) Baking ingredient
d) All of the above

45. The salt formed from hydrochloric acid and calcium hydroxide is:
a) CaCl₂
b) KCl
c) NaCl
d) Na₂SO₄

46. Which of the following salts is known as Epsom salt?

a) Sodium bicarbonate
b) Magnesium sulphate
c) Potassium chloride
d) Calcium carbonate

47. The pH of a salt solution depends on:

a) The strength of the acid and base used to make it
b) The temperature
c) The concentration of the solution
d) All of the above