Lecture 2

Particle Technology
(ChE-203)
Lecture No. 2
1
Contents
• Introduction to Chemical Engineering

• Introduction to Particle Technology
2
An Introduction to
Chemical Engineering
3
What is Engineering ?
The Profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and

natural sciences gained by study, experience and practice is
applied with judgement to develop ways to economically utilize the
materials and forces of nature for the progressive well being of
mankind.
4
What is Technology ?
 Technology is the usage and knowledge of tools, techniques,

systems or methods of organization.
 T he t ec hno lo g ist is a k ey memb er o f t ha t t ea m w hic h is

responsible for applying the research, analysis and designs of his
colleagues the scientist and the engineer.
5
Engineers vs.
Technologists
 Main difference between the two is:
• Engineers design and manufacture machines and systems,

while technologists have the technical know-how to use and
install the machines properly, operate
 An example:
• “The technologist identifies the equipment necessary to
assemble a new CD player; the engineer designs said CD player”
6
Branches of Engineering
 Electrical & Telecommunication
 Mechanical
 Mechatronics
 Chemical
 Petroleum
 Civil
 Architecture
 Computer
Polymer, geology, Metallurgical, Mining, Environmental and so on…………
7
‘The branch of engineering which deals with the conversion of

cheap raw materials of low purity to useful (and valuable) product
of high purity safely by the application of unit operations; unit
processes; basic sciences (math, chemistry, physics & biology)
and social sciences in an economically acceptable, and in an
environmentally friendly way.
8
Chemical engineering is based on applications of chemistry, physics,

mathematics, economics, biology and biochemistry.
Because of this broad-based foundation … the chemical engineer is

considered the universal engineer. ...
9
Chemical Engineer
A Chemical Engineer is a person who:

 Develops or designs a new process or
 Re-designs, improves, or troubleshoots a process, in order to
make or do something as economically, safely, and efficiently as
possible.
10
Chemical Engineers’
Perspective
Environment &
Unit Safety Constraints
Process
Raw
materials Products
Unit
Operations
Economics
11
What are the fields of Chemical Engineering?
The traditional fields of Chemical Engineering are:

 Petrochemicals, petroleum and natural gas processing
 Plastics and Polymers
 Pulp and Paper
 Instrumentation and Process control
 Energy conversion and Utilisation
 Environmental control
12
What do Chemical Engineers do?
They are involved in a wide range of activities such as:

 Design, development and operation of process plants.
 Research and development of new products and processes.
 Management of technical operations and sales.
13
Where do Chemical Engineers work?
The majority of Chemical Engineers work in businesses known collectively as the

Chemical Process Industries (CPI)
• Chemicals,
• Oil and Gas (upstream and downstream)
• Pulp and Paper,
• Rubber and Plastics,
• Food and Beverage,
• Textile,
• Electronics/IT
• Metals, mineral processing
• Electronics and microelectronics
• Agricultural Chemicals Industries
• Cosmetics/ Pharmaceutical
• Biotechnology/Biomedical
• Environmental, technical, and business consulting
14
Typical functions of Chemical Engineers
 Plant Process Engineer

 Process Design Engineer
 Production Engineer
 Environmental Engineer
 Process Safety Engineer
 Project Engineer
 Quality Control Engineer
 Research & Development Engineer
 Technical Services Engineer
 Sales & Marketing Engineer
 Consultant
15
An Introduction to Particle Technology
16
Unit Operations Unit Processes
17
Chemical Process
Raw
materials Products
18
Raw material
Pre- Unit Operations

treatment
Unit Processes Process Unit Operations
Post- Unit Operations

treatment
Finished
product
19
Unit Operations
 Processes that involve only physical changes to materials is termed as Unit

Operation
• Particle Technology
• Mechanical Separations
• Fluid Mechanics
• Process Heat transfer
• Mass Transfer
• Simultaneous Heat and Mass Transfer
20
Unit Processes
 Processes that involve making chemical changes to materials, as a
result of chemical reaction taking place.
For instance, in the combustion of coal, the entering and leaving materials
differ from each other chemically: coal and air enter, and flue gases and
residues leave the combustion chamber. Combustion is therefore a unit
process.
 Unit processes are also referred to as chemical conversions.
• Nitration;
• Esterification;
• Halogenations;
• Sulphonation;
• Oxidation
• Hydrogenation.
• Amination;
• Biochemical processes.
21
Particle Technology
The term Particle Technology is used for the study related to the
handling & processing of solid particles and powders.
Solid particles mostly referred to as:
 Bulk solids (usually larger)
 Particulate solids (usually smaller)
 Granular solids (granules)
 Powder technology
 Micro particles
 Nano particles
22
Importance of Particle Technology
 Design
 Operation
 Control
 Formation of aerosol
 Design of bucket elevators
 Pneumatic transport
 Silo design
 Separation
 Size reduction or enlargement
23
Issues related to Particulate Matter
 Production loss
 Poor product quality

 Risk to health
 Storage problems
 Economics
 Environment issues … etc
24

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Particle Technology

• Introduction to Chemical Engineering

The Profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and

 Technology is the usage and knowledge of tools, techniques,

 T he t ec hno lo g ist is a k ey memb er o f t ha t t ea m w hic h is

• Engineers design and manufacture machines and systems,

‘The branch of engineering which deals with the conversion of

Chemical engineering is based on applications of chemistry, physics,

Because of this broad-based foundation … the chemical engineer is

A Chemical Engineer is a person who:

The traditional fields of Chemical Engineering are:

They are involved in a wide range of activities such as:

The majority of Chemical Engineers work in businesses known collectively as the

 Plant Process Engineer

Unit Operations Unit Processes

Pre- Unit Operations

Unit Processes Process Unit Operations

Post- Unit Operations

 Processes that involve only physical changes to materials is termed as Unit

 Poor product quality

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