LESSON 3.

1: Pedagogical Content Knowledge and Its Application

Across the Curriculum
Observation_________________________________________
A. Write down the information asked and answer the succeeding questions based on your class o
bservation.

Jerome A. Genove
Name of Teacher

Date and Time of Observation

Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in

Educational Background Mathematics

Grade 9 - Joy
Assigned Grade and Section Grade 10 - Charity

Mathematics 9Mathematics 10
Assigned Subject/s

Relevant Training Attended

1. Are the teacher’s background and qualifications aligned with the subject/s he or she is assigne
d to teach?
 Yes

2. Does he or she use the K to 12 curriculum guide in preparing a lesson plan?

 Yes

3. Does he or she consider the learner’s prior knowledge in designing a lesson plan?
 Yes

4. Does he or she use varied teaching strategies to deliver the subject matter?
 Yes

5. Does he or she conduct research in planning for his or her lessons?

 Yes
B. Check (/) the box that corresponds to your class observation. Write your remarks in the right
most column.

Not
Indicators Observed Observed Remarks

1. Explains the subject matter ✓

a. Clearly
b. accurately
c. comprehensively

2. Relates the subject matter with ✓

previous lessons that have been
taught or future lessons to be taught

3. Presents facts, theories, and concepts ✓

to support the validity of the content

4. Manifests understanding of the ✓

learners’ background in relation to
the subject matter

5. Utilizes appropriate pedagogical ✓

strategies in the delivery of the
subject matter

6. Integrates appropriate technology ✓

tools specific to the subject matter to
be taught

7. Promotes inquiry-based learning to ✓

develop higher-order thinking skills
and/or 21st-century skills
8. Uses appropriate languages to make ✓
subject matter delivery more
comprehensive
 9. Shows skills in the use of information ✓
and communications technologies
(ICT) to facilitate teaching and
learning.

10. Uses effective verbal and non-verbal ✓

forms of communication strategies to
promote meaningful learning

Other Comments:

______________________________________________________________________________
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Processing__________________________________________
A. Based on what you have observed in class, explain the importance of the different kinds of kn
owledge.

1. Content knowledge
 It helps the teacher explain topics clearly, answer student questions, and make lessons
more interesting. It also builds student trust because they know the teacher is knowledg
eable.
2. Pedagogical knowledge
 It helps the teacher make learning easier for different types of students, keeps students
engaged, and ensures a positive learning environment.
3. Curricular Knowledge

 It helps the teacher plan lessons that align with educational standards and objectives. It
also ensures that topics are taught in the right order, building on students' previous kno
wledge and preparing them for future learning.
B. What do you think were the strategies used by the teacher to enrich his or her mastery of the s
ubject matter?

 I think his strategy is by teaching the subject regularly, he refines his understanding and
discover new ways to explain concepts more effectively.

C. What do you think were the strategies used by the teacher to enrich his or her pedagogical kn
owledge?

 I think his strategy is by trying out new teaching techniques, such as group work, hands-
on activities, or integrating technology, and adjusting based on student response.
B. What do you think were the strategies used by the teacher to augment his or her curricular kn
owledge?

 I think his strategy is by assessing student outcomes to adjust lesson plans and better ali
gn his teaching with curriculum expectations.

Reflection___________________________________________
Complete the following:

1. I realized that

 Teachers use various strategies to continuously improve their knowledge in content, pe

dagogy, and curriculum. This helps them deliver more effective lessons, stay updated wi
th new teaching trends, and adapt to their students' needs. Both continuous learning an
d collaboration with peers are key to staying competent.

2. I believe that

 A teacher's mastery of content, pedagogy, and curriculum is crucial for student success.
These types of knowledge work together to ensure that lessons are meaningful, well-str
uctured, and engaging. Continuous improvement in these areas helps teachers provide t
he best learning experience for their students.

3. I feel that

 Teachers should be lifelong learners. By seeking feedback, experimenting with new

methods, and staying updated with the curriculum, teachers can create a positive
learning environment where students are more engaged and motivated to learn.
4. When I become a teacher, I will

 Continuously work on improving both my content and pedagogical knowledge through p

rofessional development and collaboration with other educators. I will also ensure that
my teaching aligns with the curriculum, making adjustments based on student needs an
d feedback to provide the best learning experience possible.

LESSON 3.2 Strategies for Promoting Literacy and Numeracy

Observation

A. For each given domain, write down the literacy strategies used by the cooperating teache
r during your class observation.

Observation Strategies

1. Oral Language Brainstorming and discussion

N/A
2. Phonological Awareness
N/A
3. Book and Print Knowledge
N/A
4. Alphabet knowledge
N/A
5. Phonics and Word Recognition

6. Fluency Brainstorming and discussion

7. Spelling N/A
8. Writing and Composition N/A
9. Grammar Awareness and Structure N/A
10. Vocabulary N/A
11. Reading Comprehension Problem-based learning
12. Listening Comprehension Inquiry-based learning
B. Write the numeracy strategies used by the cooperating teacher during our class observation in the follo
wing subjects.

Subjects Strategies

1. Language (English/Filipino/Mother N/A

Tongue)
2. Mathematics Measuring distance, volume, weight, and height and
using percentages and calculation in teaching Science
and Mathematics.
3. Science N/A

4. History/Araling Panlipunan / Social N/A

Studies
5. Values Education N/A

6. Computer/ICT N/A
7. Music, Art, Physical Education, and N/A
Health (MAPEH)
8. Technology and Livelihood Education N/A
(TLE)
9. Others N/A

Processing__________________________________________
Read carefully and answer the following questions based on what you have observed in cl
ass.

1. How can literacy affect one’s life?

 Literacy affects one’s life by building confidence. It makes students feel more sure of
themselves when learning and speaking.

2. How important is numeracy in our daily life?

 Numeracy is important in a one's daily life because it helps in logical thinking and tacklin
g math-related schoolwork. And also, as a student, Math skills are needed for subjects
like science, economics, and technology.
 3. How can literacy and numeracy improve the learner’s academic performance?
 Literacy and numeracy improve academic performance by enhancing understanding, prob
lem-solving, and confidence. They support all subjects, help students think critically, and
encourage active participation in learning, leading to better overall success.

4. In the absence of digital technologies and printed materials, what do you think are the stra
tegies you can use to promote literacy and numeracy?
 Without digital or printed materials, promoting literacy and numeracy can be done throug
h storytelling, interactive games, everyday tasks like cooking or shopping, peer learning,
and real-life problem-solving activities.

Reflection
Complete the following:

1. I realized that literacy and numeracy are fundamental skills that greatly impact a lea
rner’s academic performance and everyday life. Without access to digital technologi
es or printed materials, alternative methods such as storytelling, interactive games,
and practical activities can still effectively promote these skills.

2. I believe that strong literacy and numeracy skills are essential for students to succeed
academically and in their future careers. They support understanding across variou
s subjects, enhance problem-solving abilities, and build confidence in learning and d
aily tasks.

3. I feel that creative and practical approaches to teaching literacy and numeracy are c
rucial, especially when resources are limited. Engaging students through interactive
and real-life experiences can make learning meaningful and enjoyable.

4. When I become a teacher, I will use a variety of hands-on and interactive methods to
teach literacy and numeracy, including storytelling, games, and real-life problem-
solving activities. I will focus on making learning engaging and relevant to students'
everyday lives, ensuring they develop strong foundational skills regardless of
available resources.
LESSON 3.3 Strategies for Developing Critical and Creative
Thinking As Well As Higher-Order Thinking Skills

Observation______________________________________
A. Ask the cooperating teacher to show his or her lesson plan to you. Review the objectives of e
ach lesson in the lesson plan. Provide examples of educational objectives based on the follo
wing HOTS:

1. Creating

2. Evaluating

3. Analyzing

B. Indicate whether the following HOTS strategies are applied during your class observation by
checking the appropriate box. Write your remarks in the last column.

Not
HOTS Strategies Observed Observed Remarks

1. Teaches the concepts of HOTS

2. Promotes the use of HOTS when

communicating
3. Encourages question and answer during
 the discussion
4. Uses visual and graphic organizers to
connect concepts
5. Uses problem-solving to foster critical
thinking
6. Promotes collaborative learning to
generate new ideas
7. Encourages students to elaborate on
their answers
8. Promote inquiry-based learning to
validate ideas
9. Uses education objectives that foster
HOTS
10, Uses assessment that promotes
HOTS.

Processing
Read carefully and answer the following questions based on what you have observed in cl
ass:

1. In what part of the instructional plan can the teacher apply HOTS?

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2. How can HOTS improve the students’ learning?

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3. How important is creative and critical thinking in the 21st-century workplace?

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4. What are the things that teachers need to improve on to enrich the students/ HOTS?
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Reflection

Complete the following:

1. I realized that

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2. I believe that

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3. I feel that

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4. When I become a teacher, I will

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