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Microprocessors and Microcontrollers 1

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Microprocessors and Microcontrollers 1

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harrymainah9
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Microprocessor and Microcontroller

UNIT I – 8085 MICROPROCESSOR

1.1 Introduction
Microcomputer: The term microcomputer is generally synonymous with
personal computer, or a computer that depends on a microprocessor.
 Microcomputers are designed to be used by individuals, whether in
the form of PCs, workstations or notebook computers.
 A microcomputer contains a CPU on a microchip (the
microprocessor), a memory system (typically ROM and RAM), a bus
system and I/O ports, typically housed in a motherboard.
Microprocessor: A silicon chip that contains a CPU. In the world of
personal computers, the terms microprocessor and CPU are used
interchangeably.
 A microprocessor (sometimes abbreviated µP) is a digital electronic
component with miniaturized transistors on a single semiconductor
integrated circuit (IC).
 One or more microprocessors typically serve as a central processing
unit (CPU) in a computer system or handheld device.
 Microprocessors made possible the advent of the microcomputer.
 At the heart of all personal computers and most working stations
sits a microprocessor.
 Microprocessors also control the logic of almost all digital devices,
from clock radios to fuel-injection systems for automobiles.
 Three basic characteristics differentiate microprocessors:
 Instruction set: The set of instructions that the microprocessor can
execute.
 Bandwidth: The number of bits processed in a single instruction.
 Clock speed: Given in megahertz (MHz), the clock speed determines
how many instructions per second the processor can execute.
 In both cases, the higher the value, the more powerful the CPU. For
example, a 32-bit microprocessor that runs at 50MHz is more
powerful than a 16-bit microprocessor that runs at 25MHz.

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