DC Motor Control Trainer

Experiments Manual

Model: NW- JEMT003

DC Motor Control Trainer

Safety Instructions
• The Main Circuit Breaker should be switched OFF before you begin work on the circuits.
• DO NOT run wires over moving or rotating equipment, or on the floor, or string them across
walkways from bench-to-bench.

• Use wires of appropriate length. Do not allow them to drape over your equipment.
• Make sure that the instructor has checked all connections before switching ON the Simulator.
• Check the Main Power Supply Voltage for proper value before energizing the circuit.

• Always switch on the power source as a LAST step.

• DO NOT make circuit changes or perform any wiring when power is on.

• Do NOT pull wires out until you are absolutely sure that the circuit is completely dead. Shocks can
occur if an inductive load (motor or transformer) is disconnected while conducting.
• Under emergency conditions, use the “Emergency Power OFF” to switch off the main supply.
• DO NOT wear loose-fitting clothing, metal bracelets or watchstraps in the Lab. Rings and necklaces
are usually excellent conductors in excellent contact with your skin.
• DO NOT touch anything if your hands are wet.
• All conducting surfaces intended to be at ground potential should be connected together.
In the event of electrical shock:

• Do not touch the victim until the power has been shut off. Use the “Emergency Power OFF”.

• Do not remove the victim from the electric source until the power has been shut off.

• If you cannot shut off the power, use an insulator such as a dry rope, cloth or broom handle to drag
the person away from the live wire.

• If there is no heartbeat and no breathing, do CPR. (CPR to be performed by qualified personal only).
Get Emergency Care.

• If there is a heartbeat, but no breathing, immediately start rescue breathing. Get Emergency Care.

• Check for burns and treat as third-degree burns. Get Emergency Care.

• If the person is breathing, put them in the recovery position. Get Emergency Care.

• In the event of a mild shock, and the following symptoms are observed, see a doctor: Heart skipping
beats, fever or coughing up sputum.

Safety Instructions Page 2 of 47

DC Motor Control Trainer

Table of Contents

No Title Page

1 Safety Instructions 2

2 Table of Contents 3

3 Trainer Overview 4
Load Test and Speed-Torque Characteristics of Separately excited
4 Experiment #1 8
DC Motors - Armature and Field Voltage Control
Load Test and Speed-Torque Characteristics of Shunt
5 Experiment #2 20
DC Motors - Armature Voltage Control
Load Test and Speed-Torque Characteristics of Series
6 Experiment #3 27
DC Motors - Armature Voltage Control

7 Experiment #4 Compound DC Motor, Long Shunt CW & CCW 33

8 Experiment #5 Compound DC Motor, Cumulative and Differential Compounding 41

Table of Contents Page 3 of 47

DC Motor Control Trainer

Trainer Overview
A DC motor (direct current motor) has a lot of applications in today’s field of engineering and
technology. From electric shavers to automobiles – DC motors are everywhere. To cater to this wide
range of applications – different types of DC motors are used depending on the application.

The types of DC motor include:

- Separately Excited DC Motor

- Shunt DC Motor
- Series DC Motor

Separately Excited DC Motor

As the name suggests, in case of a separately excited DC motor the supply is given separately to the field
and armature windings. The main distinguishing fact in these types of DC motor is that, the armature
current does not flow through the field windings, as the field winding is energized from a separate
external source of DC current as shown in the figure.

From the torque equation of DC motor, we know 𝑇𝑔 = 𝐾𝑎 𝜑 𝐼𝑎 So the torque in this case can be
varied by varying field flux φ, independent of the armature current Ia.

Shunt Wound DC Motor

In case of a shunt wound DC motor or more specifically shunt wound self-excited DC motor, the field
windings are exposed to the entire terminal voltage as they are connected in parallel to the armature
winding as shown in the figure.

Trainer Overview Page 4 of 47

DC Motor Control Trainer

Series Wound DC Motor

In case of a series wound self-excited DC motor or simply series-wound DC motor, the entire armature
current flows through the field winding as its connected in series to the armature winding. The series
wound self-excited DC motor is diagrammatically represented below for clear understanding.

Trainer Overview Page 5 of 47

DC Motor Control Trainer

Trainer Front Panel Components

I. Motor Power Supply Module

1) Armature Power Supply Input. 4) Field Power Supply Output.
2) Armature Power Supply Output. 5) Field Power Supply Input.
3) Armature Power Supply Control. 6) Field Power Supply Control.
II. Measuring Module
1) Armature AC Measurement. 4) Field DC Measurement.
2) Field AC Measurement. 5) Motor Speed.
3) Armature DC Measurement. 6) Motor Speed Sensor Input.
III. Main Power Supply Module IIII. Load Module
1) Main Power Switch (On/Off) 1) Light Bulb.
2) Main Power Switch Light Indicator 2) Light Bulb Banana Sockets.
3) Earth Leakage 3) Light Bulb Toggle Switch.
4) Main Circuit Breaker
5) Emergency Stop
6) Fuses
7) Power Supply (L, N)
8) Power Supply (L, N)

Trainer Overview Page 6 of 47

DC Motor Control Trainer

IIII. DC Motor Module

1) DC Motor. 2) DC Motor (Armature Inputs, Field Inputs).

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Experiment #1
Load Test and Speed-Torque Characteristics of Separately excited
DC Motors - Armature and Field Voltage Control
Objective
• To study the characteristic of the Separately excited DC Motor under load, by Armature Voltage
Control and Field Voltage Control.

Theory
The speed control of DC motors is very important subject in the consideration of the application of these
motors. The various methods of speed control follow directly from the fundamental equation of the DC
motor speed:
From which one can predict the ways to control the speed (𝑛) if we write down it as:
𝑉𝑡 − 𝐼𝑎 𝑅𝑎
𝑛=
𝐾𝑒∅
This equation shows that the speed is directly proportional to the applied voltage (𝑉𝑡 ), inversely
proportional to the flux per pole and armature resistance (𝑅𝑎 ), or by adding an external resistance in series
with it. In this experiment,
the method will be test which is the most common method to control the speed.

Motor Speed Control of Separately DC Motors by Changing the Armature Voltage

This method involves changing the voltage applied to the armature of the motor without changing the
𝑉 −𝐸
voltage applied to the field. If the voltage (𝑉𝑎 ) is increased, then (𝐼𝑎 ) rises, since 𝐼𝑎 = 𝑎𝑅 𝑎 .
𝑎
As (𝐼𝑎 ) increases, the developed torque 𝑇𝑒 = 𝐾𝑡 𝜙 𝐼𝑎 increases, making 𝑇𝑒 > 𝑇𝐿 , and the speed of the
motor increases. Motor accelerated to new speed: (1 → 2 → 3) as shown in Fig.1.1.

Now, as the speed increases, the internal generated voltage 𝐸𝑎 = 𝐾𝑒 ∅ 𝑛 increases, causing the armature
current to decrease. This decrease in (𝐼𝑎 ) decreases the developed torque, causing 𝑇𝑒 = 𝑇𝐿 at a higher
rotational speed.

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The effect of armature voltage variation on speed control of separately-excited DC motor

Safe Ranges of Operation of Armature Voltage Control

- The lower the armature voltage on a Separately Excited motor, the slower it turns, and the higher the
armature voltage, the faster it turns. Since an increase in armature voltage causes an increase in speed,
there is always a maximum achievable speed by armature voltage control. This maximum speed occurs
when the motor’s armature voltage reaches its maximum permissible level.
- If a motor is operating at its rated terminal voltage, power and field current, then it will be running at
rated speed, also known as base speed. Armature voltage control can control the speed of the motor
for speeds below base speed but not for speeds above base speed. To achieve a speed faster than base
speed by armature voltage control would require excessive armature voltage, possibly damaging the
armature circuit.

The limiting factor is the heating of the armature conductors, which places an upper limit on the magnitude
of the armature current Ia. For armature voltage control, the flux in the motor is constant, so the maximum
torque in the motor is 𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐾𝑇 𝜙 𝐼𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑥 . This maximum torque is constant regardless of the speed of
the rotation of the motor. Since the power out of the motor is given by 𝑃 = 𝑇𝜔, (where ω = 2πn⁄60
motor shaft angular velocity), the maximum power is 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝜔. Thus, the maximum power out is
directly proportional to its operating speed.

Torque and power limits for a DC motor.

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Procedure

Figure 1: Connection Diagram of wiring cables for Separately Excited DC Motor Experiment #1

Table 1: Connection Table of wiring cables for Separately Excited DC Motor Experiment #1

Cable From To
Color
# Name Code Name Code

Armature Power Supply Input

1 Red Power Supply (L) III.7 I.1
(L)

Armature Power Supply Input

I.12 Blue Power Supply (N) III.7 I.1
(N)

Armature Power Supply Output DC Motor (Armature Input)

3 Red I.2 IIIII.2
(L) (H)

Armature Power Supply Output DC Motor (Armature Input)

4 Blue I.2 IIIII.2
(N) (G)

5 Red Power Supply (L) III.8 Field Power Supply Input (L) I.5

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6 Blue Power Supply (N) III.8 Field Power Supply Input (N) I.5

7 Red Field Power Supply Output (L) I.5 DC Motor (Field Input) (k) IIIII.2

8 Blue Field Power Supply Output (N) I.5 DC Motor (Field Input) (j) IIIII.2

STEPS:

1. Ensure that all equipment is switched OFF and that nothing is turned ON.
2. Before beginning the experiment, ensure that all devices are installed and properly positioned.
3. Connect the wiring cables of the circuit as shown in (Figure 1) and (Table 1).
4. Set the Armature Power Supply Control (I.3) and Field Power Supply Control (I.6) to its minimum
positions.
5. Release the Spring Load Balance to NO LOAD condition (0 Kg on the spring).
6. Press Main Power Switch (III.1) Switch ON the MCB (III.4), Switch ON the Earth Leakage (III.3).
7. Increase the Field Power Supply Control (I.6) until the Value of Field Voltage (Vf) from AC
Measurement Field (II.2) reaches 200V.
8. Increase the Armature Power Supply Control (I.3) until the Value of Armature Voltage (Va) AC
Measurement Armature (II.1) reaches 25V.
9. Record the Armature Current (Ia), Field Current (If), Motor Speed (n) in Tables (1.2 – 1.16).
10. Repeat the steps for Armature Voltages with 25V increments until reaching the Field Voltage (Vf)
value.
11. Increase the Spring Load Balance until the net load by steps of S= 0.5 Kg (S= 0.5 Kg, 1.0 Kg, 1.5 Kg,
2.0 Kg).
12. Record the reading in (Tables 1.2 - 1.16).
13. Switch OFF the MCB (III.4), Switch OFF the Earth Leakage (III.3), Press Main Power Switch (III.1).

Results
CALCULATIONS:

1) Calculate the Torque 𝜏 for each Load Condition.

The torque is calculated by

𝜏 = 𝑆 𝑔 𝑟, where:
𝑆 is the Net Load applied by springs (in Kg),
𝑔 is the gravitational acceleration (= 9.81 𝑚⁄𝑠 2 ), and
𝑟 is the radius of pulley (= 37 𝑚𝑚).

Table 1.1: Toque calculations

Net Load Torque

𝑆 (Kg) 𝜏 (N.m)
0.5

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1.0
1.5
2.0

2) Calculate the Efficiency 𝜂 for each case and record the results in the Tables (1.2 – 1.16).

The Efficiency is calculated by

𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝜏𝜔
𝜂= = , where 𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑛/60
𝑃𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑎 𝐼𝑎

RECORDS:
Table 1.2: Voltage, Current and Speed for Vf=200V and No-Load Conditions

Armature Voltage 𝑉𝑎 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Field Current 𝐼𝑓 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)

Table 1.3: Voltage, Current and Speed for Vf=200V and S=0.5Kg Load Conditions

Armature Voltage 𝑉𝑎 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Field Current 𝐼𝑓 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 1.4: Voltage, Current and Speed for Vf=200V and S=1.0Kg Load Conditions

Armature Voltage 𝑉𝑎 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Field Current 𝐼𝑓 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 1.5: Voltage, Current and Speed for Vf=200V and S=1.5Kg Load Conditions

Armature Voltage 𝑉𝑎 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Field Current 𝐼𝑓 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 1.6: Voltage, Current and Speed for Vf=200V and S=2.0Kg Load Conditions

Armature Voltage 𝑉𝑎 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

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Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)

Field Current 𝐼𝑓 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 1.7: Voltage, Current and Speed for Vf=150V and No-Load Conditions

Armature Voltage 𝑉𝑎 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Field Current 𝐼𝑓 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)

Table 1.8: Voltage, Current and Speed for Vf=150V and S=0.5Kg Load Conditions

Armature Voltage 𝑉𝑎 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Field Current 𝐼𝑓 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 1.9: Voltage, Current and Speed for Vf=150V and S=1.0Kg Load Conditions

Armature Voltage 𝑉𝑎 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Field Current 𝐼𝑓 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 1.10: Voltage, Current and Speed for Vf=150V and S=1.5Kg Load Conditions

Armature Voltage 𝑉𝑎 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Field Current 𝐼𝑓 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 1.11: Voltage, Current and Speed for Vf=150V and S=2.0Kg Load Conditions

Armature Voltage 𝑉𝑎 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Field Current 𝐼𝑓 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

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Table 1.12: Voltage, Current and Speed for Vf=100V and No-Load Conditions

Armature Voltage 𝑉𝑎 (V) 25 50 75 100

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Field Current 𝐼𝑓 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)

Table 1.13: Voltage, Current and Speed for Vf=100V and S=0.5Kg Load Conditions

Armature Voltage 𝑉𝑎 (V) 25 50 75 100

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Field Current 𝐼𝑓 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 1.14: Voltage, Current and Speed for Vf=100V and S=1.0Kg Load Conditions

Armature Voltage 𝑉𝑎 (V) 25 50 75 100

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Field Current 𝐼𝑓 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 1.15: Voltage, Current and Speed for Vf=100V and S=1.5Kg Load Conditions

Armature Voltage 𝑉𝑎 (V) 25 50 75 100

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Field Current 𝐼𝑓 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 1.16: Voltage, Current and Speed for Vf=100V and S=2.0Kg Load Conditions

Armature Voltage 𝑉𝑎 (V) 25 50 75 100

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Field Current 𝐼𝑓 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

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Conclusion
GRAPHS:

1- From tables (1.2 – 1.6), Fill the below table.

Table 1.17: Speed vs. Armature Current (Vf=200V)

No Load 𝑆 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝑲𝒈 𝑆 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝑲𝒈 𝑆 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝑲𝒈 𝑆 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝑲𝒈

𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜔 (rad/s)

2- From Table above, draw the curve of 𝜔 vs 𝐼𝑎 for each load connection on the same graph.

3- From tables (1.7 – 1.11), Fill the below table.

Table 1.18: Speed vs. Armature Current (Vf=150V)

No Load 𝑆 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝑲𝒈 𝑆 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝑲𝒈 𝑆 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝑲𝒈 𝑆 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝑲𝒈

𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜔 (rad/s)

4- From Table above, draw the curve of 𝜔 vs 𝐼𝑎 for each load connection on the same graph.

5- From tables (1.12 – 1.16), Fill the below table

Table 1.19: Speed vs. Armature Current (Vf=100V)

No Load 𝑆 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝑲𝒈 𝑆 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝑲𝒈 𝑆 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝑲𝒈 𝑆 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝑲𝒈

𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜔 (rad/s)

Experiment #1 Page 15 of 47
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6- From Table above, draw the curve of 𝜔 vs 𝐼𝑎 for each load connection on the same graph.

7- From tables (1.2 – 1.6), Fill the below table.

Table 1.20: Torque vs. Armature Current (Vf=200V)

𝑉𝑎 = 𝟓𝟎𝑽 𝑉𝑎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝑽 𝑉𝑎 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝑽 𝑉𝑎 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝑽

𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜏 (N.m) 𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜏 (N.m) 𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜏 (N.m) 𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜏 (N.m)

8- From Table above, draw the curve of 𝜏 vs. 𝐼𝑎 for each load connection on the same graph.

9- From tables (1.7 – 1.11), Fill the below table.

Table 1.21: Torque vs. Armature Current (Vf=150V)

𝑉𝑎 = 𝟓𝟎𝑽 𝑉𝑎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝑽 𝑉𝑎 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝑽 𝑉𝑎 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝑽

𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜏 (N.m) 𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜏 (N.m) Ia(A) 𝝉(N. m) Ia(A) 𝝉(N. m)

10- From Table above, draw the curve of 𝜏 vs. 𝐼𝑎 for each load connection on the same graph.

11- From tables (1.12 – 1.16), Fill the below.

Table 1.22: Torque vs. Armature Current (Vf=100V)

𝑉𝑎 = 𝟓𝟎𝑽 𝑉𝑎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝑽 𝑉𝑎 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝑽 𝑉𝑎 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝑽

𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜏 (N.m) 𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜏 (N.m) Ia(A) 𝝉(N. m) Ia(A) 𝝉(N. m)

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12- From Table above, draw the curve of 𝜏 vs. 𝐼𝑎 for each load connection on the same graph.

13- From tables (1.2 – 1.6), Fill the below table.

Table 1.23: Efficiency vs. Torque (Vf=200V)

𝑉𝑎 = 𝟓𝟎𝑽 𝑉𝑎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝑽 𝑉𝑎 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝑽 𝑉𝑎 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝑽

𝜂 (%) 𝜏 (N.m) 𝜂 (%) 𝜏 (N.m) 𝜂 (%) 𝜏 (N.m) 𝜂 (%) 𝜏 (N.m)

14- From Table above, draw the curve of 𝜏 vs. 𝜂 for each load connection on the same graph.

15- From tables (1.7 – 1.11), Fill the below.

Table 1.24: Efficiency vs. Torque (Vf=150V)

𝑉𝑎 = 𝟓𝟎𝑽 𝑉𝑎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝑽 𝑉𝑎 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝑽 𝑉𝑎 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝑽

𝜂 (%) 𝜏 (N.m) 𝜂 (%) 𝜏 (N.m) 𝜂 (%) 𝜏 (N.m) 𝜂 (%) 𝜏 (N.m)

16- From Table above, draw the curve of 𝜏 vs. 𝜂 for each load connection on the same graph.

17- From tables (1.12 – 1.16), Fill the below table.

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Table 1.25: Efficiency vs. Torque (Vf=100V)

𝑉𝑎 = 𝟓𝟎𝑽 𝑉𝑎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝑽 𝑉𝑎 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝑽 𝑉𝑎 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝑽

𝜂 (%) 𝜏 (N.m) 𝜂 (%) 𝜏 (N.m) 𝜂 (%) 𝜏 (N.m) 𝜂 (%) 𝜏 (N.m)

18- From Table above, draw the curve of 𝜏 vs. 𝜂 for each load connection on the same graph.

19- From tables (1.2 – 1.6), Fill the below table.

Table 1.26: Speed vs. Torque (Vf=200V)

𝑉𝑎 = 𝟓𝟎𝑽 𝑉𝑎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝑽 𝑉𝑎 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝑽 𝑉𝑎 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝑽

𝜔 (rad/s) 𝜏 (N.m) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝜏 (N.m) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝜏 (N.m) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝜏 (N.m)

20- From Table above, draw the curve of 𝜏 vs. 𝜔 for each load connection on the same graph.

21- From tables (1.7 – 1.11), Fill the below table.

Table 1.27: Speed vs. Torque (Vf=150V)

𝑉𝑎 = 𝟓𝟎𝑽 𝑉𝑎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝑽 𝑉𝑎 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝑽 𝑉𝑎 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝑽

𝜔 (rad/s) 𝜏 (N.m) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝜏 (N.m) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝜏 (N.m) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝜏 (N.m)

Experiment #1 Page 18 of 47
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22- From Table above, draw the curve of 𝜏 vs. 𝜔 for each load connection on the same graph.

23- From tables (1.12 – 1.16), Fill the below.

Table 1.28: Speed vs. Torque (Vf=100V)

𝑉𝑎 = 𝟓𝟎𝑽 𝑉𝑎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝑽 𝑉𝑎 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝑽 𝑉𝑎 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝑽

𝜔 (rad/s) 𝜏 (N.m) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝜏 (N.m) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝜏 (N.m) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝜏 (N.m)

24- From Table above, draw the curve of 𝜏 vs. 𝜔 for each load connection on the same graph.

Experiment #1 Page 19 of 47
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Experiment #2
Load Test and Speed-Torque Characteristics of Shunt
DC Motors - Armature Voltage Control
Objective
• To study the characteristic of the Shunt DC Motor under load, by Armature Voltage Control.

Theory
A DC shunt motor (also known as a shunt wound DC motor) is a type of self-excited DC motor where the
field windings are shunted to or are connected in parallel to the armature winding of the motor. Since
they are connected in parallel, the armature and field windings are exposed to the same supply voltage.

𝐼𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝐼𝑎 + 𝐼𝑠ℎ
𝑉𝑡 = 𝐸𝑏 + 𝐼𝑎 𝑅𝑎
𝑉𝑡 = 𝐸𝑏 + (𝐼𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 − 𝐼𝑠ℎ )𝑅𝑎
The speed control of DC motors is very important subject in the consideration of the application of these
motors.
From which one can predict the ways to control the speed (𝑛) if we write down it as:
(𝑉𝑡 − 𝐼𝑎 𝑅𝑎 )
𝑛= ∗𝐾
∅
𝐸𝑏 𝐾
=
∅
This equation shows that the speed is directly proportional to the applied voltage (𝑉𝑡 ), inversely
proportional to the flux per pole and armature resistance (𝑅𝑎 ), or by adding an external resistance in
series with it. In this experiment, the method will be test which is the most common method to control
the speed.
Motor Speed Control of Shunt DC Motors by Changing the Armature Voltage
In Shunt motor the only way to change speed is by adding a load to the armature or field winding. In this
experiment a load will be added in series to the armature
The load is a lamp. Two or one lamp will be used. The load will decrease the speed of the motor by
decreasing the armature Voltage (Eb).

Experiment #2 Page 20 of 47
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Part 1: With Different Loads.

Procedure

Figure 2: Connection Diagram of wiring cables for Shunt DC Motor Experiment #2.1

Table 2: Connection Table of wiring cables for Shunt DC Motor Experiment #2.1

Cable From To
Color
# Name Code Name Code

Armature Power Supply Input

1 Red Power Supply (L) III.7 I.1
(L)

Armature Power Supply Input

2 Black Power Supply (N) III.7 I.1
(N)

Armature Power Supply Output

3 Red I.2 DC Motor (Field Input) (H) IIIII.2
(L)

Armature Power Supply Output

4 Black I.2 DC Motor (Field Input) (G) IIIII.2
(N)

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5 Red DC Motor (Field Input) (H) IIIII.2 DC Motor (Armature Input) (j) IIIII.2

DC Motor (Armature Input)

6 Black DC Motor (Field Input) (G) IIIII.2 IIIII.2
(k)

STEPS:

1. Ensure that all equipment is switched OFF and that nothing is turned ON.
2. Before beginning the experiment, ensure that all devices are installed and properly positioned.
3. Connect the wiring cables of the circuit as shown in (Figure 2) and (Table 2).
4. Set the Armature Power Supply Control (I.3) to its minimum positions.
5. Release the Spring Load Balance to NO LOAD condition (0 Kg on the spring).
6. Press Main Power Switch (III.1) Switch ON the MCB (III.4), Switch ON the Earth Leakage (III.3).
7. Increase the Armature Power Supply Control (I.3) by steps.
8. Record the Armature Current (Ia), Field Current (If), Motor Speed (n) in (Table 2.2).
9. Increase the Spring Load Balance until the net load by steps of S= 0.5 Kg (S= 0.5 Kg, 1.0 Kg, 1.5 Kg,
2.0 Kg).
10. Record the reading in (Table 2.2).
11. Switch OFF the MCB (III.4), Switch OFF the Earth Leakage (III.3), Press Main Power Switch (III.1).

Results
CALCULATIONS:

1) Calculate the Torque 𝜏 for each Load Condition.

The torque is calculated by

𝜏 = 𝑆 𝑔 𝑟, where:
𝑆 is the Net Load applied by springs (in Kg),
𝑔 is the gravitational acceleration (= 9.81 𝑚⁄𝑠 2 ), and
𝑟 is the radius of pulley (= 37 𝑚𝑚).

Table 2.1: Toque calculations

Net Load Torque

𝑆 (Kg) 𝜏 (N.m)
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0

2) Back Electromagnetic, Calculate the Back Electromagnetic By:

𝐸𝑏 = 𝑉𝑡 − 𝐼𝑎 (𝑅𝑎+ 𝑅𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 )
3) Efficiency, Calculate the Efficiency η for each case and record the results in the (Table 3.2 – 3.6)

Experiment #2 Page 22 of 47
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The Efficiency is calculated by

𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝜏𝜔 2𝜋𝑛
𝜂= 𝑃𝑖𝑛
=𝑣 , where 𝜔 =
𝑎 𝐼𝑎 60

RECORDS:
Table 2.2: Voltage, Current and Speed for Vs=200V and Deferent Loads Conditions

No-Load S=0.5Kg S=1.0Kg S=1.5Kg S=0.5Kg

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage Eb (V)
Field Current 𝐼𝑓 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Part 2: With Different Loads and with Series Resistive.

Procedure

Figure 3: Connection Diagram of wiring cables for Shunt DC Motor Experiment #2.2

Table 3: Connection Table of wiring cables for Shunt DC Motor Experiment #2.2

Cable Color From To

Experiment #2 Page 23 of 47
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# Name Code Name Code

Armature Power Supply Input

1 Red Power Supply (L) III.7 I.1
(L)

Armature Power Supply Input

2 Black Power Supply (N) III.7 I.1
(N)

Armature Power Supply Output

3 Red I.2 DC Motor (Field Input) IIIII.2
(L)

Armature Power Supply Output

4 Black I.2 DC Motor (Field Input) IIIII.2
(N)

5 Red DC Motor (Field Input) IIIII.2 Light Bulb Banana Socket IIII.2

6 Red Light Bulb Banana Socket IIII.2 DC Motor (Armature Input) IIIII.2

7 Black DC Motor (Field Input) IIIII.2 DC Motor (Armature Input) IIIII.2

STEPS:

12. Ensure that all equipment is switched OFF and that nothing is turned ON.
13. Before beginning the experiment, ensure that all devices are installed and properly positioned.
14. Connect the wiring cables of the circuit as shown in (Figure 2) and (Table 2).
15. Set the Armature Power Supply Control (I.3) to its minimum positions.
16. Release the Spring Load Balance to NO LOAD condition (0 Kg on the spring).
17. Press Main Power Switch (III.1) Switch ON the MCB (III.4), Switch ON the Earth Leakage (III.3).
18. Increase the Armature Power Supply Control (I.3) by steps.
19. Record the Armature Current (Ia), Field Current (If), Motor Speed (n) in (Table 2.3 – 2.7).
20. Connect the armature to one Light Bulb (IIII.1) in series, and increase it by steps.
21. Increase the Spring Load Balance until the net load by steps of S= 0.5 Kg (S= 0.5 Kg, 1.0 Kg, 1.5 Kg,
2.0 Kg).
22. Record the reading in (Table 2.3 – 2.7).
23. Switch OFF the MCB (III.4), Switch OFF the Earth Leakage (III.3), Press Main Power Switch (III.1).

Results
RECORDS:
Table 2.3: Voltage, Current and Speed for Vs=200V and No-Load Conditions

R1=RLoad R1=2RLoad
Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage Eb (V)
Field Current 𝐼𝑓 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Experiment #2 Page 24 of 47
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Table 2.4: Voltage, Current and Speed for Vs=200V and S=0.5Kg Load Conditions

R1=RLoad R1=2RLoad
Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage Eb (V)
Field Current 𝐼𝑓 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 2.5: Voltage, Current and Speed for Vs=200V and S=1.0Kg Load Conditions

R1=RLoad R1=2RLoad
Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage Eb (V)
Field Current 𝐼𝑓 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 2.6: Voltage, Current and Speed for Vs=200V and S=1.5Kg Load Conditions

R1=RLoad R1=2RLoad
Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage Eb (V)
Field Current 𝐼𝑓 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 2.7: Voltage, Current and Speed for Vs=200V and S=2.0Kg Load Conditions

R1=RLoad R1=2RLoad
Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage Eb (V)
Field Current 𝐼𝑓 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Conclusion
GRAPHS:

1- From (Table 2.2), Fill the below table.

Table 2.7: Speed vs. Armature Current (Vs=200V)

No Load 𝑆 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝑲𝒈 𝑆 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝑲𝒈 𝑆 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝑲𝒈 𝑆 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝑲𝒈

Experiment #2 Page 25 of 47
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𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜔 (rad/s)

2- From Table above, draw the curve of 𝜔 vs 𝐼𝑎 for each load connection on the same graph.

3- From (Tables 2.3 – 2.7), Fill the below table.

Table 2.7: Speed vs. Armature Current (Vs=200V)

R1=RLoad R1=2RLoad
𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜔 (rad/s)

4- From Table above, draw the curve of 𝜔 vs 𝐼𝑎 for each load connection on the same graph.

Experiment #2 Page 26 of 47
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Experiment #3
Load Test and Speed-Torque Characteristics of Series
DC Motors - Armature Voltage Control
Objective
• To study the characteristic of the Series DC Motor under load, by Armature Voltage Control.

Theory
Series DC motors are a group of self-excited DC motors in which the field coil is connected in series to
the armature winding and thus a higher current pass through it.

In the DC series motor, the flux is directly proportional to the armature current. As the motor load
increases, the armature current increases hence the flux increases.

∅ = 𝑐𝐼𝑓 = 𝑐𝐼𝐴

The developed torque is directly proportional to the square of the armature current.

𝑇𝑑𝑒𝑣 = 𝐾 ∅ 𝐼𝐴 = 𝐾 𝑐 𝐼𝐴 2

For series motor, the speed is inversely proportional to the armature current. When armature current is
very small the speed becomes dangerously high. That is why a series motor should never be started
without some mechanical load

𝑉𝑡 = 𝐸𝐴 + 𝐼𝐴 (𝑅𝐴 + 𝑅𝑠 ) and 𝐸𝐴 = 𝐾 𝑐 𝐼𝐴 𝑤

Then:
𝑉𝑡 𝑅𝐴 + 𝑅𝑠
𝑤= −
𝐾 𝑐 𝐼𝐴 𝐾𝑐
Torque and Speed:
𝑉𝑡 𝑅𝐴 +𝑅𝑠
𝑇𝑑𝑒𝑣 = 𝐾 𝑐 𝐼𝐴 2 then 𝑤= − 𝐾𝑐
√𝐾 𝑐 √𝑇𝑑𝑒𝑣

Speed Control of series Motors

Experiment #3 Page 27 of 47
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1) Adjusting the supply voltage applied. At a certain load, increasing the supply voltage, increases
the motor speed

2) Inserting a series resistor into the motor circuit. At a certain load and certain supply voltage,
increasing the circuit resistance, decreases the motor speed

Procedure

Figure 4: Connection Diagram of wiring cables for Series DC Motor Experiment #3

Table 4: Connection Table of wiring cables for Series DC Motor Experiment #3

Cable From To
Color
# Name Code Name Code

Armature Power Supply Input

1 Red Power Supply (L) III.7 I.1
(L)

Armature Power Supply Input

2 Black Power Supply (N) III.7 I.1
(N)

Experiment #3 Page 28 of 47
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Armature Power Supply Output

3 Red I.2 DC Motor (Armature Input) IIIII.2
(L)

Armature Power Supply Output

4 Black I.2 DC Motor (Field Input) IIIII.2
(N)

5 Red DC Motor (Field Input) IIIII.2 DC Motor (Armature Input) IIIII.2

STEPS:

1. Ensure that all equipment is switched OFF and that nothing is turned ON.
2. Before beginning the experiment, ensure that all devices are installed and properly positioned.
3. Connect the wiring cables of the circuit as shown in (Figure 4) and (Table 4).
4. Set the Armature Power Supply Control (I.3) to its minimum positions.
5. Release the Spring Load Balance to NO LOAD condition (0 Kg on the spring).
6. Press Main Power Switch (III.1) Switch ON the MCB (III.4), Switch ON the Earth Leakage (III.3).
7. Increase the Armature Power Supply Control (I.3) by steps.
8. Record the Armature Current (Ia), Field Current (If), Motor Speed (n) in (Table 4.2 – 4.6).
9. Increase the Spring Load Balance until the net load by steps of S= 0.5 Kg (S= 0.5 Kg, 1.0 Kg, 1.5 Kg,
2.0 Kg).
10. Record the reading in (Table 4.2 – 4.6).
11. Repeat the steps with Connect the armature to one Light Bulb (IIII.1), and increase it by steps.
12. Record the reading in (Table 4.7 – 4.11).
13. Switch OFF the MCB (III.4), Switch OFF the Earth Leakage (III.3), Press Main Power Switch (III.1).

Results
CALCULATIONS:

1) Calculate the Torque 𝜏 for each Load Condition.

The torque is calculated by

𝜏 = 𝑆 𝑔 𝑟, where:
𝑆 is the Net Load applied by springs (in Kg),
𝑔 is the gravitational acceleration (= 9.81 𝑚⁄𝑠 2 ), and
𝑟 is the radius of pulley (= 37 𝑚𝑚).

Table 3.1: Toque calculations

Net Load Torque

𝑆 (Kg) 𝜏 (N.m)
0.5
1.0
1.5

Experiment #3 Page 29 of 47
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2.0

2) Back Electromagnetic, Calculate the Back Electromagnetic By:

𝐼𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝐼𝑎 = 𝐼𝑓
𝐸𝑎 = 𝑉𝑡 − 𝐼𝑎 (𝑅𝑎+ 𝑅𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 ) − 𝑉𝑓
3) Efficiency, Calculate the Efficiency η for each case and record the results in the (Table 3.2 – 3.6)
The Efficiency is calculated by
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝜏𝜔 2𝜋𝑛
𝜂= 𝑃𝑖𝑛
=𝑣 , where 𝜔 =
𝑎 𝐼𝑎 60

RECORDS:
Table 3.2: Voltage, Current and Speed for No-Load Conditions

Supply Voltage 𝑉𝑠 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 3.3: Voltage, Current and Speed for S=0.5Kg Load Conditions

Supply Voltage 𝑉𝑠 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 3.4: Voltage, Current and Speed for S=1.0Kg Load Conditions

Supply Voltage 𝑉𝑠 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 3.5: Voltage, Current and Speed for S=1.5Kg Load Conditions

Supply Voltage 𝑉𝑠 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Experiment #3 Page 30 of 47
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Table 3.6: Voltage, Current and Speed for S=2.0Kg Load Conditions

Supply Voltage 𝑉𝑠 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 3.7: Voltage, Current and Speed for Vs=200V and No-Load Conditions

R1=RLoad R1=2RLoad
Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage Eb (V)
Field Current 𝐼𝑓 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 3.8: Voltage, Current and Speed for Vs=200V and S=0.5Kg Load Conditions

R1=RLoad R1=2RLoad
Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage Eb (V)
Field Current 𝐼𝑓 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 3.9: Voltage, Current and Speed for Vs=200V and S=1.0Kg Load Conditions

R1=RLoad R1=2RLoad
Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage Eb (V)
Field Current 𝐼𝑓 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 3.10: Voltage, Current and Speed for Vs=200V and S=1.5Kg Load Conditions

R1=RLoad R1=2RLoad
Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage Eb (V)
Field Current 𝐼𝑓 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Experiment #3 Page 31 of 47
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Table 3.11: Voltage, Current and Speed for Vs=200V and S=2.0Kg Load Conditions

R1=RLoad R1=2RLoad
Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage Eb (V)
Field Current 𝐼𝑓 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)
GRAPHS:

1- From (Tables 3.2 – 3.6), Fill the below table.

Table 3.12: Speed vs. Armature Current (Vs=200V)

No Load 𝑆 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝑲𝒈 𝑆 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝑲𝒈 𝑆 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝑲𝒈 𝑆 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝑲𝒈

𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜔 (rad/s)

2- From Table above, draw the curve of 𝜔 vs 𝐼𝑎 for each load connection on the same graph.
3- From (Tables 3.7 – 3.11), Fill the below table.
Table 3.12: Speed vs. Armature Current (Vs=200V)

No Load 𝑆 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝑲𝒈 𝑆 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝑲𝒈 𝑆 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝑲𝒈 𝑆 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝑲𝒈

𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜔 (rad/s) 𝐼𝑎 (A) 𝜔 (rad/s)

4- From Table above, draw the curve of 𝜔 vs 𝐼𝑎 for each load connection on the same graph.

Experiment #3 Page 32 of 47
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Experiment #4
Compound DC Motor, Long Shunt CW & CCW
Objective
• To study the characteristic of the Compound DC Motor, Long Shunt CW, CCW.

Theory
The compound wound DC motor can further be subdivided into 2 major types on the basis of its field
winding connection with respect to the armature winding, and they are

Long Shunt Compound Wound DC Motor

In case of long shunt compound wound DC motor, the shunt field winding is connected in parallel across
the series combination of both the armature and series field coil, as shown in the diagram below.

Voltage and Current Equation of Long Shunt Compound Wound DC Motor

Let 𝐸 and 𝐼 total be the total supply voltage and current supplied to the input terminals of the motor.
And 𝐼𝑎 , 𝐼𝑠𝑒 , 𝐼𝑠ℎ be the values of current flowing through armature resistance 𝑅𝑎 , series winding
resistance 𝑅𝑠𝑒 and shunt winding resistance 𝑅𝑠ℎ respectively.

Now we know in shunt motor,

𝐼𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝐼𝑎 + 𝐼𝑠ℎ
And in series motor,

𝐼𝑎 = 𝐼𝑠𝑒
Therefore, the current equation of a compound wound DC motor is given by

𝐼𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝐼𝑎 + 𝐼𝑠ℎ
And its voltage equation is,

𝐸 = 𝐸𝑏 + 𝐼𝑎 (𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅𝑠𝑒 )

Short Shunt Compound Wound DC Motor

Experiment #4 Page 33 of 47
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In case of short shunt compound wound DC motor, the shunt field winding is connected in parallel
across the armature winding only. And series field coil is exposed to the entire supply current, before
being split up into armature and shunt field current as shown in the diagram below.

Voltage and Current Equation of Short Shunt Compound Wound DC Motor

Here also let, 𝐸 and 𝐼𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 be the total supply voltage and current supplied to the input terminals of the
motor. And𝐼𝑎 , 𝐼𝑠𝑒 , 𝐼𝑠ℎ be the values of current flowing through armature resistance Ra, series winding
resistance Rse and shunt winding resistance Rsh respectively.

But from the diagram above we can see,

𝐼𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝐼𝑠𝑒
Since the entire supply current flows through the series field winding.

And like in the case of a DC shunt motor,

𝐼𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝐼𝑎 + 𝐼𝑠ℎ
Now for equating the voltage equation, we apply Kirchoff’s law to the circuit and get,

𝐸 = 𝐸𝑏 + 𝐼𝑎 𝑅𝑎 + 𝐼𝑠𝑒 𝑅𝑠𝑒
But since

𝐼𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝐼𝑠𝑒
Thus, the final voltage equation can be written as,

𝐸 = 𝐸𝑏 + 𝐼𝑎 𝑅𝑎 + 𝐼𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑅𝑠𝑒
Apart from the above-mentioned classification, a compound wound DC motor can further be sub
divided into 2 types depending upon excitation or the nature of compounding. i.e.

Experiment #4 Page 34 of 47
DC Motor Control Trainer

Part 1: Long Shunt CW.

Procedure

Figure 5: Connection Diagram of wiring cables for Long Shunt CW DC Motor Experiment #4.1

Table 5: Connection Table of wiring cables for Long Shunt CW DC Motor Experiment #4.1

Cable From To
Color
# Name Code Name Code

Armature Power Supply Input

1 Red Power Supply (L) III.7 I.1
(L)

Armature Power Supply Input

2 Black Power Supply (N) III.7 I.1
(N)

Armature Power Supply Output

3 Red I.2 Armature (G) IIIII.2
(L)

Armature Power Supply Output

4 Black I.2 Shunt Field (J) IIIII.2
(N)

Experiment #4 Page 35 of 47
DC Motor Control Trainer

5 Red Armature (H) IIIII.2 Series Field (F) IIIII.2

6 Red Shunt Field (J) IIIII.2 Series Field (E) IIIII.2

7 Red Armature (G) IIIII.2 Shunt Field (k) IIIII.2

STEPS:

1. Ensure that all equipment is switched OFF and that nothing is turned ON.
2. Before beginning the experiment, ensure that all devices are installed and properly positioned.
3. Connect the wiring cables of the circuit as shown in (Figure 5) and (Table 5).
4. Set the Armature Power Supply Control (I.3) to its minimum positions.
5. Release the Spring Load Balance to NO LOAD condition (0 Kg on the spring).
6. Press Main Power Switch (III.1) Switch ON the MCB (III.4), Switch ON the Earth Leakage (III.3).
7. Increase the Armature Power Supply Control (I.3) by steps.
8. Record the Armature Current (Ia), Field Current (If), Motor Speed (n) in (Table 5.1 –5.5).
9. Increase the Spring Load Balance until the net load by steps of S= 0.5 Kg (S= 0.5 Kg, 1.0 Kg, 1.5
Kg, 2.0 Kg).
10. Record the reading in (Table 5.1 – 5.5).
11. Switch OFF the MCB (III.4), Switch OFF the Earth Leakage (III.3), Press Main Power Switch (III.1).

Results
RECORDS:
Table 5.1: Voltage, Current and Speed for No-Load Conditions

Supply Voltage 𝑉𝑠 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 5.2: Voltage, Current and Speed for S=0.5Kg Load Conditions

Supply Voltage 𝑉𝑠 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 5.3: Voltage, Current and Speed for S=1.0Kg Load Conditions

Supply Voltage 𝑉𝑠 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage 𝐼𝑎 (A)

Experiment #4 Page 36 of 47
DC Motor Control Trainer

Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 5.4: Voltage, Current and Speed for S=1.5Kg Load Conditions

Supply Voltage 𝑉𝑠 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 5.5: Voltage, Current and Speed for S=2.0Kg Load Conditions

Supply Voltage 𝑉𝑠 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Part 2: Long Shunt CCW.

Procedure

Experiment #4 Page 37 of 47
DC Motor Control Trainer

Figure 6: Connection Diagram of wiring cables for Long Shunt CCW DC Motor Experiment #4.2

Table 6: Connection Table of wiring cables for Long Shunt CCW DC Motor Experiment #4.2

Cable From To
Color
# Name Code Name Code

Armature Power Supply Input

1 Red Power Supply (L) III.7 I.1
(L)

Armature Power Supply Input

2 Black Power Supply (N) III.7 I.1
(N)

Armature Power Supply Output

3 Red I.2 Armature (G) IIIII.2
(L)

Armature Power Supply Output

4 Black I.2 Series Field (F) IIIII.2
(N)

5 Red Armature (H) IIIII.2 Series Field (E) IIIII.2

6 Red Series Field (F) IIIII.2 Shunt Field (K) IIIII.2

Experiment #4 Page 38 of 47
DC Motor Control Trainer

7 Red Armature (G) IIIII.2 Shunt Field (J) IIIII.2

STEPS:

1. Ensure that all equipment is switched OFF and that nothing is turned ON.
2. Before beginning the experiment, ensure that all devices are installed and properly positioned.
3. Connect the wiring cables of the circuit as shown in (Figure 6) and (Table 6).
4. Set the Armature Power Supply Control (I.3) to its minimum positions.
5. Release the Spring Load Balance to NO LOAD condition (0 Kg on the spring).
6. Press Main Power Switch (III.1) Switch ON the MCB (III.4), Switch ON the Earth Leakage (III.3).
7. Increase the Armature Power Supply Control (I.3) by steps.
8. Record the Armature Current (Ia), Field Current (If), Motor Speed (n) in (Table 6.1 – 6.5).
9. Increase the Spring Load Balance until the net load by steps of S= 0.5 Kg (S= 0.5 Kg, 1.0 Kg, 1.5
Kg, 2.0 Kg).
10. Record the reading in (Table 6.1 – 6.5).
11. Switch OFF the MCB (III.4), Switch OFF the Earth Leakage (III.3), Press Main Power Switch (III.1).

Results
RECORDS:
Table 6.1: Voltage, Current and Speed for No-Load Conditions

Supply Voltage 𝑉𝑠 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 6.2: Voltage, Current and Speed for S=0.5Kg Load Conditions

Supply Voltage 𝑉𝑠 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 6.3: Voltage, Current and Speed for S=1.0Kg Load Conditions

Supply Voltage 𝑉𝑠 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Experiment #4 Page 39 of 47
DC Motor Control Trainer

Table 6.4: Voltage, Current and Speed for S=1.5Kg Load Conditions

Supply Voltage 𝑉𝑠 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 6.5: Voltage, Current and Speed for S=2.0Kg Load Conditions

Supply Voltage 𝑉𝑠 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Conclusion
QUASTIONS:

1. What is the difference between long shunt and short compound motor?
2. What is the difference between series field and shunt field winding compound motor?

Experiment #4 Page 40 of 47
DC Motor Control Trainer

Experiment #5
Compound DC Motor, Cumulative and Differential Compounding
Objective
• To study the characteristic of the Cumulative and Differential Compounding of DC Motor.

Theory
Cumulative Compounding of DC Motor

A compound wound DC motor is said to be cumulatively compounded when the shunt field flux
produced by the shunt winding assists or enhances the effect of main field flux, produced by the series
winding.

𝛷𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝛷𝑠𝑒 + 𝛷𝑠ℎ

Differential Compounding of DC Motor

Similarly, a compound wound DC motor is said to be deferentially compounded when the flux due to the
shunt field winding diminishes the effect of the main series winding. This particular trait is not really
desirable, and hence does not find much of a practical application.

𝛷𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝛷𝑠𝑒 − 𝛷𝑠ℎ

The net flux produced in this case is lesser than the original flux and hence does not find much of a
practical application.

The compounding characteristic of the self-excited DC motor is shown in the figure below.

Experiment #5 Page 41 of 47
DC Motor Control Trainer

Part 1: Cumulative.

Procedure

Figure 7: Connection Diagram of wiring cables for Cumulative Compounding DC Motor Experiment #5.1

Table 7: Connection Table of wiring cables for Cumulative Compounding DC Motor Experiment #5.1

Cable From To
Color
# Name Code Name Code

Armature Power Supply Input

1 Red Power Supply (L) III.7 I.1
(L)

Armature Power Supply Input

2 Black Power Supply (N) III.7 I.1
(N)

Armature Power Supply Output

3 Red I.2 Armature (G) IIIII.2
(L)

Armature Power Supply Output

4 Black I.2 Series Field (E) IIIII.2
(N)

Experiment #5 Page 42 of 47
DC Motor Control Trainer

5 Red Armature (G) IIIII.2 Shunt Field (J) IIIII.2

6 Red Armature (H) IIIII.2 Series Field (F) IIIII.2

7 Red Armature (H) IIIII.2 Shunt Field (k) IIIII.2

STEPS:

12. Ensure that all equipment is switched OFF and that nothing is turned ON.
13. Before beginning the experiment, ensure that all devices are installed and properly positioned.
14. Connect the wiring cables of the circuit as shown in (Figure 7) and (Table 7).
15. Set the Armature Power Supply Control (I.3) to its minimum positions.
16. Release the Spring Load Balance to NO LOAD condition (0 Kg on the spring).
17. Press Main Power Switch (III.1) Switch ON the MCB (III.4), Switch ON the Earth Leakage (III.3).
18. Increase the Armature Power Supply Control (I.3) by steps.
19. Record the Armature Current (Ia), Field Current (If), Motor Speed (n) in (Table 7.1 –7.5).
20. Increase the Spring Load Balance until the net load by steps of S= 0.5 Kg (S= 0.5 Kg, 1.0 Kg, 1.5
Kg, 2.0 Kg).
21. Record the reading in (Table 7.1 – 7.5).
22. Switch OFF the MCB (III.4), Switch OFF the Earth Leakage (III.3), Press Main Power Switch (III.1).

Results
RECORDS:
Table 7.1: Voltage, Current and Speed for No-Load Conditions

Supply Voltage 𝑉𝑠 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 7.2: Voltage, Current and Speed for S=0.5Kg Load Conditions

Supply Voltage 𝑉𝑠 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 7.3: Voltage, Current and Speed for S=1.0Kg Load Conditions

Supply Voltage 𝑉𝑠 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage 𝐼𝑎 (A)

Experiment #5 Page 43 of 47
DC Motor Control Trainer

Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 7.4: Voltage, Current and Speed for S=1.5Kg Load Conditions

Supply Voltage 𝑉𝑠 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 7.5: Voltage, Current and Speed for S=2.0Kg Load Conditions

Supply Voltage 𝑉𝑠 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Part 2: Differential.

Procedure

Experiment #5 Page 44 of 47
DC Motor Control Trainer

Figure 8: Connection Diagram of wiring cables for Differential Compounding DC Motor Experiment #5.2

Table 8: Connection Table of wiring cables for Differential Compounding DC Motor Experiment #5.2

Cable From To
Color
# Name Code Name Code

Armature Power Supply Input

1 Red Power Supply (L) III.7 I.1
(L)

Armature Power Supply Input

2 Black Power Supply (N) III.7 I.1
(N)

Armature Power Supply Output

3 Red I.2 Series Field (F) IIIII.2
(L)

Armature Power Supply Output

4 Black I.2 Armature (G) IIIII.2
(N)

5 Red Armature (G) IIIII.2 Shunt Field (J) IIIII.2

6 Red Armature (H) IIIII.2 Series Field (E) IIIII.2

Experiment #5 Page 45 of 47
DC Motor Control Trainer

7 Red Armature (H) IIIII.2 Shunt Field (k) IIIII.2

STEPS:

1. Ensure that all equipment is switched OFF and that nothing is turned ON.
2. Before beginning the experiment, ensure that all devices are installed and properly
positioned.
3. Connect the wiring cables of the circuit as shown in (Figure 6) and (Table 6).
4. Set the Armature Power Supply Control (I.3) to its minimum positions.
5. Release the Spring Load Balance to NO LOAD condition (0 Kg on the spring).
6. Press Main Power Switch (III.1) Switch ON the MCB (III.4), Switch ON the Earth Leakage (III.3).
7. Increase the Armature Power Supply Control (I.3) by steps.
8. Record the Armature Current (Ia), Field Current (If), Motor Speed (n) in (Table 8.1 – 8.5).
9. Increase the Spring Load Balance until the net load by steps of S= 0.5 Kg (S= 0.5 Kg, 1.0 Kg, 1.5
Kg, 2.0 Kg).
10. Record the reading in (Table 8.1 – 8.5).
11. Switch OFF the MCB (III.4), Switch OFF the Earth Leakage (III.3), Press Main Power Switch
(III.1).

Results
RECORDS:
Table 8.1: Voltage, Current and Speed for No-Load Conditions

Supply Voltage 𝑉𝑠 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 8.2: Voltage, Current and Speed for S=0.5Kg Load Conditions

Supply Voltage 𝑉𝑠 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 8.3: Voltage, Current and Speed for S=1.0Kg Load Conditions

Supply Voltage 𝑉𝑠 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Experiment #5 Page 46 of 47
DC Motor Control Trainer

Table 8.4: Voltage, Current and Speed for S=1.5Kg Load Conditions

Supply Voltage 𝑉𝑠 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Table 8.5: Voltage, Current and Speed for S=2.0Kg Load Conditions

Supply Voltage 𝑉𝑠 (V) 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

Armature Current 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Armature Voltage 𝐼𝑎 (A)
Speed 𝑛 (rpm)
Efficiency 𝜂 (%)

Conclusion
QUASTIONS:

1. What are the different types of compound motors?

2. What is the different between cumulative and differential compound motors?
3. Why two windings are used in dc compound motor?
4. What are the applications of cumulative compound motors?

Experiment #5 Page 47 of 47