Mottmal Deskrebestdo9iho

drsyrbukth

Probabilt denhyuneklon
eX be a eont, «v.he 4Me probabr1y
olenshy 1nthe'o ( pelf) x
Huneon ) SrolntAaf

oumbeni a b uetdh 0sh,

uo
ay

Plosysb) tomd
CDf
Fx)Pyta) : Hd

P ( a X h F(b)-Fa)

(cdf)
Mean
F X).)d
arulan te 2

INort o l dryu beutron

Saro he brtmal
have lhe
A Cont d v. X
utih panameder and f
orydr'buwHon
o ven

-(7-P
Van
 hene E(), T SMel. lev.
Thuthe opitmal dsru busn chonra ciexteo
an
Siod. oev "
ufed shuol tue heegu peruon,
he velorty n any olfret'oo d a a molerule.
erton macle n meaeruino pyic'ca quauthy.
et.

Teopert3
Ayplted h ngle Vartralole Conk. dlaa .

e uerot wetgtuk length et

aleulate the. prDbabt1ty. LeK Hhan

w
eader Huan, tn bed4",
Can 9ever be
Sne #) bet'nghe pro balbe'Te,
belu
fe nro
eatve Do P0rtrog o the cenve
grap tal pcdperthy Norena ctaRve

The orumal densh

tutve bel hpel.

1 ymmerut -2 -T
-DO
ab oul mean mear
mearaD
mea medran s mode Modde
defenm'neod
Spetac ethe cenve et
oy the stol oltveatron
s ofeftamt'neo by h e mean
L e t atvo
 (
Standenoltz inq loxmal Rv.
oletrtúbu4ion e X vN(P,))
4Xuet a drmal

uelh meao p anod stanolano devaoo , w

0rma V.
SAanoartoft2e o a Ltanolarol

Standarol 00rmak oesttu buttoo

poOg=1)
he D 2-3 2=7 Z=o z Z- 23

f(2o,1) r D2)

CDF z

fy1)d
POZ

F2)
EE)- P(Z E) =
| Flz
.

e
Var

oremal prto babety

The standar o F ( - F a )

CDf.
72 Ahe Aon ot
4b) = F(6) - Fa)
Plo z
 No not. have oMu
FE) | -f(?) CDE o
.d. does
vafiej must be
ualyt c lo t) a eR
o0K'eo up cn al{0»1) Aeuble
ME
MH) =
e up (kt +

lonad Prohabel'Hy
(Dntetne'ng X, uee
T
To o o . probab të tes
Vali o2Scere
Convert

nortmal eley
ttubuttoo uuth
uth
ho h e
*mhe) x
mear & sto. devialrog
P(a< *
PAKX&) =

P(a z )
)- )
'nothe rbhabr tt'el thaa
nv.
have'ng
o o l t t i b u t bo te'l take
St. 0oum al
the
a value
anol 1.28
(t be Huren 0 8}
) beuueen -D.34 0.62
0-8S
ge afer Huan
e t e Hhan 06S
 P(09 L221.28)

(1:28) - (c0) 0t 2

O:3947 - 6.2078 2 4 0
2
62

O0q1 -
O34

P-0:34L 2 06)
030 0.6 2

2(-031)
ob1)
-

-
(0-6a) 1- Co3)
6.36S
-

0 3669 220.8S
O732-

p(z<0EE)
)Pz? o6s) -

P P 2 - o-65) A -0-6S D

I - P l z i - 0.65)

- ( - O.bs)
I- ( 1 to.65))

= 0. Py22.
lor6s)
 a he mean
nd the m ean
X. 0 melly elttu buted
, c4
X . t 12 and S D
nol ou he prohalbi lt'ty o he folous' ng
tX 20 )AL20 (i) d&XL12

eno , hen pr x*) =029

fnr p 8 uehe Pl X* ) 0,s0
anc Px 2)= 0 2
uee have e=12 =9, t-e Xv (1216)
,g2

( P a0)
P ER2 7 301
P(
P272) = 1- P(z +a) F0.022
1 - o, 9792

PL L20 O1q9992.
P22)
Pl-3 ZL0)
X<12)
loS (o) - -)
l)-(-P(T)

0.5- (1-O9987

04981

=
029y
Gytven P(X 7*)
=0:2y
Pz 7 t)
 Plo2a ) D

O 2 %

P(27 2) 6,24
PLZY2)
then P(o<242) 0.26. 029

Orz26
2 ) - P/o)
=
XP Z

2)
=
0:26 O,S
2) = 096.

H .
(*om Dormal talble)

ence 11 0.71 r 12 +9Xo 9) =19.89

g P(X2J=0a
P(4X)=0S
e are v e P(o<z<
0 2
Alhen X M =
P ( Z )

2 2 ()
2- 250 2*21
2
-12-
ue uave = 0:2 P(o4 2 2)=O. 2s
P/ z21)
9ormal fenble )
.

2 0.67 trum

*O167 q.32
-0.67
=I2-Y
M-12

lot
Fend the pro babelrHes
HAL XN 30, 25)
2
a - 2Cn

Me
t ymn-etrult about madar
The
The
Te a l anea under 4he ttrve cs1.
1
], allo P-Lz Lzi)*
C P(-o X <Eo)
6noSente 4he (unve
P(-n<P)0rs
S

mmetrue abo uf an N P(n)

0S
So o s lodve e mean
ae
and hauf r belpue
Mar
tft) P( X)= |
MoMe genenat'ne fuune tt'o doormal alrsdrnsbu t'on
X MP
t) 2
o

MFM) to?

The drmal PprOamatfon dv e bi nomial

oleserubutfon
approomate
can be u ed
aes-ttui button nd pP
P
he o rmal
u oheo
uahon 8lar2
large aand
be0mial o r ubutYo9 to 0SD, no mall
he
h e SuneR, S
eloie
probaloi1toa
he we potB) apprr0mo
maffo),
noum
T ra And om varuahle kavtna e e
bfnomis detibeakon uuth the parameèrs ),Pp,he
me't'ng kren of the ofrsrcibutton #undfon h e
standardeed ranalem varunble.
Z O
Vp-P)
ue
ktanola rod norumal 9 r i baan
9» , gvey by

F(Z). e"olt

enly he valuel 0 l 2 : 0, 79
Xake
ne
h e tim+ 0 n-te he dstrd bttoo ehe
eol ttnf.
(orthespordrn sfanolarnol ?
v.
4ant nrerhy tce ct'on h tmpmove he ndumal
Pprroimato to a toou vardable
nn aa terfais tthy he umber o owor outage
Per o t Te a random vardable , hav' nqa o t u batbn
u h e = 1.6 &s - 3:3 . 9 Ihet drs-iru buuHoo tan lbe
a Npt0n mateo clo« ely ueeth a oemal dttubutO),

uahat e Hhe pro babi lrtyt n s h e n e udn be afleaj

8outaoek toany ne morfh

Herre he numhern of ouda.ge

a strete randp varrialde, anod

e ulant to a prosmade 45
oormal
t t e buWon w!'h
a

dHru'butBon, e mutsprme
sprme ao
ao"

e valuel over a Cont nou Leale.

e do the y epresentt'ng
he
e a h n degen K by
énterna K-

t'hterval h he
h -he
Henee, z'n
he e t e
Hhe tnternyad
freprelenl
by
aleasB

ru'gt ot 7S HS-1.6
S 6
P(x7e) PCX71s) P(x-"g
I-Px<
7.5) 1-

=1-1-tL2") th2y)
 91 20 J. olhe memory the ps made to a

Cerntan plaf ae de feel/ve , uahal ane he pro babr teg

ot to a
lot 00 andamy chote #a inipetkon
afme st is tur'l) be defreli've,
PMal J cu' be olefe ve2

n c e p 10o (0.0) 40
he' nom'a
loo (o 20)(o %o) o tubuken
V .uwrth(0 {0 0

Alormal apprrne'mautr'oo uu'l be

X- 20

Yop 2

PCPX1) Px1S,S)
(a) PprD majty

ben mtad n0mamatapnaumatb

ISS-2o

P(Z

Nocma
a p p r o x i m a t t

pLX 1)
Pz -1
-

012 92 =
P14.C4X410.
X Z 1S+
=
p/Is-I,
PCXI) r m a l approu'mutrbn)

Cbe'nbru'al PC 138 24-1.13)

P138< z-113)
1 5 S ~20 =
2 0

7PS
- 0 . 9 8 28
(-1.38)=o12q2

(113)-
 bno mial olcy7*ubutroo
¥ se n0kmal appra matbo ap
both gmeajer Hian 1s
only Aen op and RA na ane

4tee ha a
Whe athual tmou ut of d'ngtauf co

mouhene pus zhto y- ounte" jars may

t'llt'ng
be lookedupoD a uandpm iave'nga
Vartuable

0mal oltsti bufbo ner4h r =0.0y Ounte. 9f 0oly

o 4he jans ano a centar le Huan unce,
younces,
yo
.
be he mean f¢n of these jaru
ueut houlol

ToTotnd 4
PCXy) = O«0 2
0.02
P < )= 0.02 P(2 O0

0 O0

-1 0S -0 P(Z2.

7 9,08 2 Otente3