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    Working of Institutions - Pol Sci

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    A mere potato

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    Working of Institutions - Pol Sci

    Uploaded by

    A mere potato
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    Working of Institutions- Pol Sci

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    2 views3 pages

    Working of Institutions - Pol Sci

    Uploaded by

    A mere potato

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    POLITICAL SCIENCE

    WORKING OF INSTITUTIONS

    Q1) Explain the composition of the Council of Ministers.

    Answer:

    The Council of Ministers is a large body, it consists all the three ranks of ministers. The
    Council of Ministers comprises of the three categories of ministers. These are:

    Cabinet Ministers : Constitute the inner ring of the council of ministers. These are the
    top-level leaders of the ruling party / parties who are in charge of the important
    ministries. They usually meet to take decisions in the name of the council of ministers.

    Ministers of State with Independent Charge : They are usually in charge of smaller
    ministries. They participate in the cabinet meetings only when they are invited.

    Ministers of State : They are attached to and are required to assist the Cabinet
    ministers.

    Q2) What is public interest litigation? What is its importance?

    Answer:

    Any one can approach the courts if public interest is hurt by the actions of government.
    This is called the public interest litigation. The courts intervene to prevent the misuse of
    the government’s power to make decisions. They check the malpractices on the part of
    public officials.

    Q3) Under what circumstances does the President exercise his discretion in the
    appointment of the Prime Minister.

    Answer:

    With no single party getting a clear majority, a coalition of parties stake their claim to
    form the government. The President has to use his individual judgement and invite such
    a leader to head the government as Prime Minister, who can provide a stable
    government to the country.

    Q4) Why is there a need for political institutions?

    Answer:

    Governing a country involves various activities. To attend to all these activities, several
    arrangements are made in all modern democracies. Such arrangements are called
    institutions. A democracy works well when institutions perform functions assigned to
    them. The Constitution of any country lays down basic rules on the powers and
    functions of each institution. All the major decisions are taken by these institutions.
    Institutions formulate various policies and programmes. Institutions are required to
    solve the disputes between the citizens and the government.

    Q5) What does the independence of the judiciary mean?

    Answer:

    Independence of the judiciary means that it is not under the control of the legislature or
    the executive. The judges do not act on the direction of the government or according to
    the wishes of the party in power. That is why, all modern democracies have courts that
    are independent of the legislature and the executive. The Indian Judiciary is one of the
    powerful in the world in the sense that it can declare law invalid if it is against the
    Constitution. The powers and the independence of the Indian judiciary allow it to act as
    the guardian of the Fundamental Rights.

    Q6)What is the procedure for the removal of the judges?

    Answer:

    The procedure for the removed of a judge is called an impeachment. An impeachment


    motion is passed separately by two-thirds members of the two Houses of the
    Parliament. Thus, the judges who are appointed by the President cannot be removed by
    the President alone. Both the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha must pass a resolution by
    two-thirds majority to remove a judge.

    Q7) What are the functions of the Supreme Court?

    Answer:

    The functions of the Supreme Court are :

    1)It can take up any dispute between the citizens of the country. :

    2)It can take up any dispute between the citizens and government.

    3)It can take up any dispute between two or more state governments.

    4)It can take up any dispute between the governments at the Union and state level,

    5)It can determine the Constitutional validity of any legislation or action of the executive
    in the country, when it is challenged before them. This is known as the judicial review.

    6)The Supreme Court and the High Courts have the power to interpret the Constitution
    of the country. They can declare invalid any law of the legislature or the actions of the
    executive, whether at the Union level or at the state level, if they find such a law or
    action is against the Constitution.

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