PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION 213 YEAR 02

LECTURE – BSCE 2C | SANCHEZ, SANDY M. TERM 01

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LESSON 1: GRAMMAR REVIEW d) COUNT NOUNS

− Can be counted
THE DIFFERENT PARTS OF SPEECH OR − Ex: chair, teacher, students
THE CONTENT AND FUNCTION
WORDS: e) MASS NOUNS
− Cannot be counted
CONTENT WORDS (MORE STRESS)
− RULE #1: all mass nouns take
• Nouns: paper, coffee, Mr. Smith singular verbs.
• Main Verbs: talk, watched, need − ex: Salt is used in baking
− RULE #2: mass nouns can take
• Adjectives: tall, blue, enchanting
plural verb when they contain
• Helping or auxiliary verbs: I’m going counters
to leave, She h... − ex: Five teaspoons of salts are
• Wh-words: why, what, how, etc. used in baking
• adverbs
f) CONCRETE NOUNS
− Specific nouns
FUNCTION WORDS (LESS STRESS):
• Prepositions: it, on, for, with g) COMPOUND NOUNS
• Determiners: a, the, some − Made up of two or more words
− Can be classified as:
• Conjunctions: for, and, but, yet, etc.
− SEPERATED: electric fan
− HYPHENATED: mother-in-law
NOUNS − COMBINED: eyeglass

− Are names of people, places,

h) COLLECTIVE NOUNS
things, events and ideas.
− Group words
− ex: gang, family, class, crew
KINDS OF NOUNS
a) COMMON NOUN
− General names CASES OF NOUNS
− Ex: engineer, student, teacher 1. NOMINATIVE
− Noun is used as a subject
b) PROPER NOUNS
− Specific names 2. OBJECTIVE
− Ex: Mags, Ella − used as direct obj, indirect obj,
obj of the preposition, and
c) ABSTRACT NOUNS objective complement.
− Denoting idea, quality, or state
rather than a concrete object 3. POSSESIVE
Ex: love, kind, joy − Noun shows possession
− ex: the ladies’ bags
PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION 213 YEAR 02
LECTURE – BSCE 2C | SANCHEZ, SANDY M. TERM 01
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USES OF NOUNS GENDER OF NOUNS

a) SUBJECT MASCULINE
− Doer of the action − refers to male gender
− One being talked about
FEMININE
− Appears at the beginning of the
− refers to female gender
sentence
− Ex: Sandy wants to go home. COMMON
− refers both to male and female
b) DIRECT OBJECT genders
− Comes after a transitive verb
− TRANSITIVE VERB: needs an object to NEUTER/ NEUTRAL
− refers to inanimate object
complete its meaning
− Answers the question who, to whom,
what OTHER EXAMPLES FOR:
− FORMULA: What + auxiliary verb +
subject + base form of verb + FORMULA: What + auxiliary verb +
modifier? subject + base form of verb + modifier?
− Ex: Shania drank coffee.
• Charles and Janina are drinking
− Q: What did Shania drink?
coffee now.
• What are Charles and Janina
c) INDIRECT OBJECT
drinking now?
− Answers “to whom” only
− Ex: Shania gave Peter a cup of • Charles is drinking coffee now.
coffee • What is Charles drinking now?
− To whom did Shania give a cup of
coffee?

d) SUBJECTIVE COMPLEMENT /
PREDICATE NOUN / NOMINATIVE
− Comes after a linking verb: is, are
− Ex: Clair is a student leader.

e) OBJECTIVE OF THE PREPOSITION

− Comes after preposition
− Mrs. Annie gave a homework to her
students.

f) APPOSITIVE
− Separated by a comma/s; renames
the noun before it
− Ex: Claire, a student leader, is
responsible