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Earth History and Geologic Time Chapter 2

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22 views33 pages

Earth History and Geologic Time Chapter 2

Uploaded by

shinchail
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Earth : History and

Geologic Time
How are scientist able to
describe Earth's history?
Earth's History
Petrology

Stratigraphy

Paleontology
Petrology
Stratigraphy
Paleontology

STUDIES THE LIFE THAT EXISTED PRIOR TO, INCLUDES THE STUDY OF FOSSILS TO
OR SOMETIMES AT THE START OF, THE DETERMINE HOW THEY HAVE EVOLVED AND
HOLOCENE EPOCH (THE CURRENT INTERACTED WITH THE EVIRONMENT.
GEOLOGIC EPOCH).
Geologic Time
Scale
How do scientist determine the
geologic time?
Two methods
Basic Principles in Relative order of Geologic
events
1. Principle of Original Horizontality

2. Principle of Superposition

3. Principle of Cross-cutting Relationships

4. Principle of Inclusion
Principle of
Inclusion
Which was
older?
Fossil
Classification of Fossils

TRUE FORM MOLD FOSSILS CAST FOSSILS TRACE FOSSILS


FOSSILS OR ICHNOFOSSILS
True Form
Fossils
Mold Fossils
Cast Fossils
Trace Fossils or Ichnofossils
Principle of Fossil Succession
Index Fossils
A Brief
Description of
Earth's History
Geologic Time Scale
Precambrian

Comprises
Proterozoic
88% or a total Hadean Era Archean Era
Era
span of 4.1 Ga.
HADEAN EON
It stretched from 4.6 to 3.8 Gya.

Hadean came from Hades means


Hell.
• Earth's surface was continually bombarded
by meteorites and the very hot mantle
caused severe volcanism.

Earth look very inhospitable.

Ocean and atmosphere were


formed.

The Core and the crust were


stabilized.
ARCHEAN EON

Stretched from 3.8 Gya to Air contained mostly of


2.5 Gya and lasted for 1.3 Earth was probably warm. methane and little to no
Ga. oxygen.

Profusion of volcanoes,
the sky was
Earth was covered with Continent formation orange (methane), the
Ocean. began. sea was green (Iron) and
shorelines were
marked with stromatolites.
Proterozoic Eon
Stretched from 2.5 Gya to 542 Mya and lasted for 1.9 Ga.

Longest period that lasted almost half of the age of Earth.

Time of great changes:


• Oxygenation of the atmosphere
• Origin and diversification of eukaryote life
• Appearance of multicellular animal life
• Motion of continental drift
Phanerozoic Eon
Paleozoic Era
Devonian Period, amphian
was the first animal to
Marine invertebrate probably Middle of Paleozoic Era, succeed in adapting itself to
lived near the shores of marine life forms had breathe air. Land
shallow water. developed shells. plants began to devoloped
like giant frns and marsh
plants (food to land animals)

Late Paleozoic
Marine life also develped.
Era, appearnace of reptiles.
Clams and snails increased
Looked much alike their
in number. Fish became End of Paleozoic Era, land
amphibian ancestors but had
more abundant and climate changed.
the greater advantage of
showed a greater variety of
being able to lay their eggs
form.
on dry land.
Mesozoic Era
Dinosours
• Carnivores – adopted for eating other
Largest creatures that existed dinosaurs.
Early Mesozoic Era, formation • Herbivores - digestive organs adapted
were the dinosaurs
of several continents and new for a vegetarian diet.
(descendants of primitive
bodies of water were formed. • Biggest fossilized dinosaur bones were
reptiles or birds ancestors) found in Argentina - 130 feet long, 65
feet tall and weighed 170 000 pounds.

Reptiles were the first true Only surviving reptiles


End of Mesozoic Era, more
terrestrial vertebrates today are turtles, snakes,
continents broke up.
but many became extinct. crocodiles, and lizards.
Cenozoic Era

Mammals with tooth


Volcanic activity was
Mountains were uplifted Warm-blooded structures for specific
also widespread
and new life forms animals roamed the diets, limb structures for
(forming immense flows
started appearing. land. various postures, and
of lava and basalt).
increased brain size.

Development of modern Humans left their


Glaciers covered the
horse, modern birds, marks on land – stone
Northern Hemisphere.
and decidious trees. tools.
ACTIVITY : SYMBOLS FOR
ERAS
Symbols

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