LIST, TUPLE

Agenda
• List
• Tuple
• Exercise

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List
 Lists
• list: Python's equivalent to Java's array (but cooler)
– Declaring:
name = [value, value, ..., value] or,
name = [value] * length

– Accessing/modifying elements: (same as Java)

name[index] = value
>>> scores = [9, 14, 18, 19, 16]
[9, 14, 18, 19, 16]
>>> counts = [0] * 4
[0, 0, 0, 0]
>>> scores[0] + scores[4]
25

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 Indexing
• Lists can be indexed using positive or negative
numbers:
>>> scores = [9, 14, 12, 19, 16, 7, 24, 15]
[9, 14, 12, 19, 16, 7, 24, 15]
>>> scores[3]
19
>>> scores[-3]
7

index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
value 9 14 12 19 16 7 24 15
index -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1

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 Recall: Strings
index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
value P . D i d d y
-index -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1

>>> name = "P. Diddy"

• Accessing character(s): >>> name[0]
'P'
variable [ index ] >>> name[7]
variable [ index1:index2 ] 'y'
>>> name[-1]
'y'
>>> name[3:6]
– index2 exclusive 'Did'
>>> name[3:]
– index1 or index2 can be 'Diddy'
omitted (goes to end of string) >>> name[:-2]
'P. Did'

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 Slicing
• slice: A sub-list created by specifying start/end
indexes
name[start:end] # end is exclusive
name[start:] # to end of list
name[:end] # from start of list
name[start:end:step] #
>>> scores = [9, 14, 12, 19, every
16, step'th
18, 24, 15] value
>>> scores[2:5]
[12, 19, 16]
>>> scores[3:]
[19, 16, 18, 24, 15]
>>> scores[:3]
[9, 14, 12]
>>> scores[-3:] index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
[18, 24, 15]
value 9 14 12 19 16 18 24 15
index -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 7
 Other List Abilities
– Lists can be printed (or converted to string with str()).
– Find out a list's length by passing it to the len function.
– Loop over the elements of a list using a for ... in loop.
>>> scores = [9, 14, 18, 19]
>>> print("My scores are", scores)
My scores are [9, 14, 18, 19]
>>> len(scores)
4
>>> total = 0
>>> for score in scores:
... print("next score:", score)
... total += score
next score: 9
next score: 14
next score: 18
next score: 19
>>> total
60
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 Ranges, Strings, and Lists
• The range function returns a list.
>>> nums = range(5)
>>> nums
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> nums[-2:]
[3, 4]
>>> len(nums)
5

• Strings behave like lists of characters:

– len
– indexing and slicing
– for ... in loops

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 String Splitting
• split breaks a string into a list of tokens.
name.split() # break by
whitespace
name.split(delimiter) # break by delimiter

• join performs the opposite of a split

delimiter.join(list)

>>> name = "Brave Sir Robin"

>>> name[-5:]
'Robin'
>>> tokens = name.split()
['Brave', 'Sir', 'Robin']
>>> name.split("r")
['B', 'ave Si', ' Robin']
>>> "||".join(tokens)
'Brave||Sir||Robin' 10
 Tokenizing File Input
• Use split to tokenize line contents when reading files.
– You may want to type-cast tokens: type(value)

>>> f = open("example.txt")
>>> line = f.readline()
>>> line
'hello world 42 3.14\n'

>>> tokens = line.split()

>>> tokens
['hello', 'world', '42', '3.14']

>>> word = tokens[0]

'hello'
>>> answer = int(tokens[2])
42
>>> pi = float(tokens[3])
3.14
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 Exercise
• Recall hours.txt. Suppose the # of days can
vary:
123 Susan 12.5 8.1 7.6 3.2
456 Brad 4.0 11.6 6.5 2.7 12
789 Jenn 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.5

• Compute each worker's total hours and hours/day.

– Should work no matter how many days a person works.
Suzy ID 123 worked 31.4 hours: 6.3 / day
Brad ID 456 worked 36.8 hours: 7.36 / day
Jenn ID 789 worked 39.5 hours: 7.9 / day

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 Exercise Answer
hours.py
1 file = open("hours.txt")
2 for line in file:
3 tokens = line.split()
4 id = tokens[0]
5 name = tokens[1]
6
7 # cumulative sum of this employee's hours
8 hours = 0.0
9 days = 0
10 for token in tokens[2:]:
11 hours += float(token)
12 days += 1
13
14 print(name, "ID", id, "worked", \
15 hours, "hours:", hours / days, "/ day")

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 Exercise
• Suppose we have a file of midterm scores,
scores.txt:
76
89
76
72
68

• Create a histogram of the scores as follows:

75: *
76: *****
79: **
81: ********
82: ******
84: ***********

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 Exercise
• Suppose we have Internet Movie Database (IMDb)
data:
1 9.1 196376 The Shawshank Redemption (1994)
2 9.0 139085 The Godfather: Part II (1974)
3 8.8 81507 Casablanca (1942)

• Write a program to search for all films with a given

phrase:
Search word? part
Rank Votes Rating Title
2 139085 9.0 The Godfather: Part II (1974)
40 129172 8.5 The Departed (2006)
95 20401 8.2 The Apartment (1960)
192 30587 8.0 Spartacus (1960)
4 matches.

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 Exercise Answer
movies.py
1 search_word = input("Search word? ")
2 matches = 0
3 file = open("imdb.txt")
4 for line in file:
5 tokens = line.split()
6 rank = int(tokens[0])
7 rating = float(tokens[1])
8 votes = int(tokens[2])
9 title = " ".join(tokens[3:])
10
11 # does title contain search_word?
12 if search_word.lower() in title.lower():
13 matches += 1
14 print(rank, "\t", votes, "\t", rating, "\t", title)
15
16 print(matches, "matches.")

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Tuple
 Tuple
tuple_name = (value, value, ..., value)
– A way of "packing" multiple values into one variable
>>> x = 3
>>> y = -5
>>> p = (x, y, 42)
>>> p
(3, -5, 42)

name, name, ..., name = tuple_name

– "unpacking" a tuple's contents into multiple variables
>>> a, b, c = p
>>> a
3
>>> b
-5
>>> c
42
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 Using Tuples
• Useful for storing multi-dimensional data (e.g. (x,
y) points) >>> p = (42, 79)

• Useful for returning more than one value

>>> from random import *
>>> def roll2():
... die1 = randint(1, 6)
... die2 = randint(1, 6)
... return (die1, die2)
...
>>> d1, d2 = roll2()
>>> d1
6
>>> d2
4

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 Tuple as Parameter
def name( (name, name, ..., name), ... ):
statements

– Declares tuple as a parameter by naming each of its pieces

>>> def slope((x1, y1), (x2, y2)):

... return (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1)
...
>>> p1 = (2, 5)
>>> p2 = (4, 11)
>>> slope(p1, p2)
3

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 Tuple as Return
def name(parameters):
statements
return (name, name, ..., name)

>>> from random import *

>>> def roll2():
... die1 = randint(1, 6)
... die2 = randint(1, 6)
... return (die1, die2)
...
>>> d1, d2 = roll2()
>>> d1
6
>>> d2
4

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 Exercise
• Write a program that performs a graphical "random walk".
– Create a DrawingPanel of size 150x150.
– Draw a circle of radius 75.
– Start a "walker" pixel at (75, 75), the circle's center.
– Every 10 ms, randomly move the walker by 1 pixel in
either the x or y direction and redraw the walker.
– Once the walker reaches the edge of the circle, stop walking.

• Key questions:
– How do we randomly move by 1 pixel?
– How do we know when we have reached
the edge of the circle?

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