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Tutorial 2

Uploaded by

adityathube05
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© © All Rights Reserved
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COEP Tech University, Pune

Department of Mathematics
Tutorial 2
Systems of Linear Equations

(1) Find the solution set (if exists) for the following systems of linear equations by using
Gauss Elimination method.
(a) x + y + 2z = 9; 2x + 4y − 3z = 1; 3x + 6y − 5z = 0.
(b) x − y + 2z − w = −1; 2x + y − 2z − 2w = −2; −x + 2y − 4z + w = 1; 3x − 3w = −3.
(c) −x + 2y = 1.5; 2x − 4y = 3.
(d) x + 2y + 3z = 0; 2x + 3y + z = 0; 4x + 5y + 4z = 0; x + y − 2z = 0.
(e) x − 2y − 8z = 0; 3x + 2y = 0; −x + y + 7z = 0.
(f) x + y + 2z = 8; −x − 2y + 3z = 1; 3x − 7y + 4z = 10.
(g) x + y − 5z = 3; x − 2z = 1; 2x − y − z = 0.
(h) −x + 2y = 3; 3x − 6y = 9.
(i) x + y + 2z = 0; 2x + 4y − 3z = 0; 3x + 6y + −5z = 0.
(j) x + y + z + w = 0; 2x + 3y + z − 2w = 0; 3x + 5y + z = 0.
(k) x + 2y + 2z = 1; 3x + 7y + 9z = 2; −x − 4y − 7z = 0.
(l) 2x + y + 2z = 4; 2x + 2y = 5; 2x − y + 6z = 2.
(m) x + y + z = 1; 2x + 2y + 2z = −2; 3x + 3y + 3z = −3.
(n) 2x + 4y − 7z = 0; x − 3y + 9z = 0; 6x + 9z = 0.
(o) x + y + z = 0; 3x + 5y + 4z = 0; 3x + 6y + 5z = 0.
(p) 2x + 5y − 19z = 34; 3x + 8y − 31z = 54.
(q) −x + y + 2z = 1; 2x + 3y + z = −2; 5x + 4y + 2z = 4.
(r) x − y = 9; −2x + 2y = −3.
(s) x + 2y + z + 3w = 0; x − y + w = 0; 5y − z + 2w = 0.
(t) 2x + 6z = 0; 3x − 2y + 11z = 0; 3x − y + 7z = 0.

(2) Consider the system of equations x + y + 2z = a; x + z = b; 2x + y + 3z = c. Show that


for this system to be consistent, the constants a, b, and c must satisfy c = a + b.

(3) For which value(s) of the constant k does the system x − y = 3; 2x − 2y = k have no
solutions? Exactly one solution? Infinitely many solutions? Explain your reasoning.

(4) For what values of a does the following system of equations have a solution?

3x1 − x2 + ax3 = 1
3x1 − x2 + x3 = 5

(5) For what values of λ, the equations 3x − 2y + λz = 1, 2x + y + z = 2, x + 2y − λz = −1


will have no unique solution? Will the equations have any solution for these values of λ?

(6) Discuss for all values of k for which the following system of linear equations have solu-
tion/s.

2x + 3ky + (3k + 4) z = 0
x + (k + 4) y + (4k + 2) z = 0
x + 2 (k + 1) y + (3k + 4) z = 0

1
(7) Indicate whether the statement is always true or sometimes false. Justify your answer
by giving a logical argument or a counterexample.

(a) If a matrix is reduced to reduced row-echelon form by two different sequences of


elementary row operations, the resulting matrices will be different.

(b) If a matrix is reduced to row-echelon form by two different sequences of elementary


row operations, the resulting matrices might be different.

(c) If the reduced row-echelon form of the augmented matrix for a linear system has
a row of zeros, then the system must have infinitely many solutions.

(d) If three lines in the plane are sides of a triangle, then the system of equations
formed from their equations has three solutions, one corresponding to each vertex.

(e) A linear system of three equations in five unknowns must be consistent.

(f) A linear system of five equations in three unknowns cannot be consistent.

(g) If a linear system of n equations in n unknowns has n leading 1’s in the reduced
row-echelon form of its augmented matrix, then the system has exactly one solution.

(h) If a linear system of n equations in n unknowns has two equations that are mul-
tiples of one another, then the system is inconsistent.

Applications
(1) An engineer involved in construction requires 4800, 5810 and 5690 m3 of sand, fine gravel
and coarse gravel respectively for a building project. There are three pits from which
these materials can be obtained. The composition of these pits is

Sand (%) Fine gravel (%) Coarse gravel (%)


Pit 1 52 30 18
Pit 2 20 50 30
Pit 3 25 20 55
How many cubic meters must be hauled from each pit in order to meet the engineer’s
needs?

(2) An electrical engineer supervises the production of three types of electrical components.
Three kinds of material- metal, plastic and rubber are required for production. The
amounts needed to produce each component are

Component Metal (g/component) Plastic (g/component) Rubber (g/component)


1 15 0.25 1.0
2 17 0.33 1.2
3 19 0.42 1.6
If totals of 2.12, 0.0434 and 0.164 kg of metal, plastic and rubber respectively are avail-
able each day, how many components can be produced per day?
(3) In the 2022 Fiesta Bowl Championship Series on June 8, 2022, the University of Florida
Gators defeated the Ohio State University Buckeyes by a score of 41 to 14. The total
points scored came from a combination of touchdowns, extra-point kicks, and field goals,
worth 6, 1, and 3 points, respectively. The numbers of touchdowns and extra-point kicks
were equal.The number of touchdowns was one more than three times the number of
field goals. Write a system of equations to represent this event. Then determine the
number of each type of scoring play.

(4) Balance the chemical equation using system of linear equaions

HCl + N a3 P O4 → H3 P O4 + N aCl

hydrochloric acid sodium phosphate phosphoric acid sodium chloride

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