BRIGHT FUTRE TUTION

CLASSES
REVISION –SOLUTIONS
1. (i)On mixing liquid X and liquid Y, the volume of the resulting
solution increases. What type of deviation from Raoult’s law is
shown by the resulting solution? What change in temperature would
you observe after mixing liquids X and Y?
(ii) How can the direction of osmosis be reversed? Write one use of
reverse
osmosis.
2.What do you understand by depression of freezing point? Derive
the relationship between depression of freezing point and molar
mass of the solute.
3. State Henry’s law. Why do gases always tend to be less soluble in
liquids as
the temperature is raised?
4. State Raoult’s law for the solution containing volatile
components. Write two differences between an ideal solution and a
non-ideal solution.
5. Why does a solution containing non-volatile solute have higher
boiling point than the pure solvent? Why is elevation of boiling point
a colligative property?
5. Why does a solution containing non-volatile solute have higher
boiling point than the pure solvent? Why is elevation of boiling point
a colligative property?
7. What is meant by positive deviations from Raoult’s law? Give an
example. What is the sign of ΔmixH for positive deviation?
8. Define azeotropes. What type of azeotrope is formed by positive
deviation from Raoult’s law? Give an example.
9. (i) On mixing liquid X and liquid Y, volume of the resulting
solution decreases. What type of deviation from Raoult’s law is
shown by the resulting solution? What change in temperature would
you observe after mixing liquids X and Y? .
(ii) What happens when we place the blood cell in water (hypotonic
solution)? Give reason.
10. What is meant by negative deviation from Raoult’s law? Give an
example. What is the sign of AmixH for negative deviation?
11. Define azeotropes. What type of azeotrope is formed by
negative deviation from Raoult’s law. Give an example.
12. Vapour pressure of water at 20 °C is 17.5 mm Hg. Calculate the
vapour pressure of water at 20 °C when 15 g of glucose (Molar mass
= 180 g mol-1) is dissolved in 150 g of water.
13. A solution is prepared by dissolving 5 g of non-volatile solute in
95 g of water. It has a vapour pressure of 23.375 mm Hg at 25°C.
Calculate the piolar mass of the solute, (vapour pressure of pure
water at 25 °C is 23.75 mm Hg).
14. When 1.5 g of a non-volatile solute was dissolved in 90 g of
benzene, the boiling point of benzene raised from 353.23 K to
353.93 K. Calculate the molar mass of the solute. (Kb for benzene =
2.52 kg mol)
15. Calculate the freezing point of the solution when 31 g of
ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) is dissolved in 500 g of water. (Kf for water
= 1.86 K kg mol-1)
16. 3.9 g of benzoic acid dissolved in 49 g of benzene shows a
depression in freezing point of 1.62 K. Calculate the van’t Hoff
factor and predict the nature of solute (associated or dissociated).;
(Given: Molar mass of benzoic acid = 122 g mol-1, Ky for benzene =
4.9 K kg mol-1)
17. A solution is prepared by dissolving 10 g of non-volatile solute in
200 g of water. It has a vapour pressure of 31.84 mm Hg at 308 K.
Calculate the molar mass of the solute. (Vapour pressure of pure
water at 308 K = 32 mm Hg)
18. Calculate the mass of NaCl (molar mass = 58.5 g mol-1) to be
dissolved in 37.2 g of water to lower the freezing point by 2 °C,
assuming that NaCl undergoes complete dissociation. (Ky for water
= 1.86 K kg mol-1)
19. What possible value of ‘i’ will it have if solute molecules
undergo association
in solution?
20. Some liquids on mixing form ‘azeotropes’. What are
‘azeotropes’?
21.What type of intermolecular attractive interaction exists in the
pair of methanol
and acetone?
22. What are isotonic solutions?
23. How is vapour pressure of solvent affected when a non-volatile
solute is dissolved in it?
24. Differentiate between molarity and molality of solution. How can
we change molality value into molarity value.
25. Calculate the mass of compound (molar mass = 256 g mol-1) to
be dissolved in 75 g of benzene to lower its freezing point by 0.48 K
(Kf = 5.12 K kg mol-1).
26. Define an ideal solution and write one of its characteristics.
27. State Henry’s law. What is the effect of temperature on the
solubility of a gas in a liquid?
28. State Raoult’s law for the solution containing volatile
components. What is the similarity between Raoult’s law and
Henry’s law?
29. Some ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH, is added to your car’s
cooling system along with 5 kg of water. If the freezing point of
water glycol solution is -15°C, what is the boiling point of the
solution. [Kb = 0.52 K kg mol-1 and Kf = 1.86 K kg mol-1 for H2O.
30. (a) Define the following terms:
(i) Molarity (ii) Molal elevation constant (Kb) ‘
(b) A solution containing 15 g urea (molar mass = 60 g mol-1) per
litre of solution in water has the same osmotic pressure (isotonic) as
a solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g mol-1) in water. Calculate
the mass of glucose present in one litre of its solution.
31. (a) What type of deviation is shown by a mixture of ethanol and
acetone? Give reason.
(b) A solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g mol-1) in water is
labelled as 10% (by mass). What would be the molality and molarity
of the solution? (Density of solution = 1.2 g mL1 )
32. (a) State Raoult’s law for a solution containing volatile
components. Name the solution which follows Raoult’s law at all
concentrations and temperatures.
(b) Calculate the boiling point elevation for a solution prepared by
adding 10 g of CaCl2 to 200 g of water. (Kb for water = 0.512 K kg
mol-1, Molar mass of CaCl2 = 111 g mol-1
33.(a) Define the following terms:
(i) Azeotrope (ii) Osmotic pressure (iii) Colligative properties
(b) Calculate the molarity of 9.8% (w/w) solution of H2S04 if the
density of the solution is 1.02 g mL-1 (Molar mass of H2S04 = 98 g
mol-1).
34. Define osmotic pressure.
35. Measurement of which colligative property is preferred for
determination of molar mass of biomolecules?
36. What type of deviation is shown by a mixture of ethanol and
acetone? What type of azeotrope is formed by mixing ethanol and
acetone?
37. Out of two 0.1 molal solutions of glucose and of potassium
chloride, which one will have a higher boiling point and why?
38. 18 g of glucose, C6H1206 (Molar Mass = 180 g mol-1) is dissolved in
1 kg of water in a sauce pan. At what temperature will this solution
boil? (Kh for water = 0.52 K kg mol-1, boiling point of pure water =
373.15 K)
39. Henry’s law constant (KH) for the solution of methane in benzene
at 298 K is 4.27 X 105 mmHg. Calculate the solubility of methane in
benzene at 298 K under 760 mm Hg.
40. (i) Why is an increase in temperature observed on mixing
chloroform and acetone?
(ii) Why does sodium chloride solution freeze at a lower
temperature than water?
41.Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by
dissolving 2.5 X 10-2 g of K2S04 in 2 L of water at 25 °C, assuming
that it is completely dissociated. (R = 0.0821 L atm K-1 mol-1, Molar
mass of K2so4= 174 g mol-1).
42. (a) State Raoult’s law for a solution containing volatile
components. How does Raoult’s law become a special case of
Henry’s law?
43. (a) Define the following terms: ..
(i) Ideal solution (ii) Azeotrope (iii) Osmotic pressure
(b) A solution of glucose (C6H1206) in water is labelled as 10% by
weight. What would be the molality of the solution?
(Molar mass of glucose = 180 g mol-1)
44. Define Ebullioscopic constant.
45. State Raoult’s law for a solution containing volatile components.
46. Define ‘mole fraction’ of a substance in a solution.
47. Why are aquatic species more comfortable in cold water in
comparison to warm water?
48. A 1.00 molal aqueous solution of trichloroacetic acid (CCl3COOH)
is heated to its boiling point. The solution has the boiling point of
100.18 °C. Determine the van’t Hoff factor for trichloroacetic acid.
(Kft for water = 0.512 K kg mol-1)
49. Define the following terms:
(i)Mole fraction (ii)Isotonic solutions (iii)van’t Hoff factor (iv)Ideal
solution
50. The density of water of a lake is 1.25 g mL-1 and one kg of this
water contains 92 g of Na+ ions. What is the molarity of Na+ ions in
the water of the lake? (Atomic mass of Na = 23.00 u)