Solved Paper 2016

Science
CLASS-X
Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 90

General Instructions :
(i) The question paper comprises two Sections, A and B. You are to attempt both the sections.
(ii) All questions are compulsory.
(iii) There is no choice in any of the questions.
(iv) All questions of Section A and all questions of Section B are to be attempted separately.
(v) Question numbers 1 to 3 in Section A are one mark questions. These are to be answered in one word or in one sentence.
(vi) Question numbers 4 to 6 in Section A are two marks questions. These are to be answered in about 30 words each.
(vii) Question numbers 7 to 18 in Section A are three marks questions. These are to be answered in about 50 words each.
(viii) Question numbers 19 to 24 in Section A are five marks questions. These are to be answered in about 70 words each.
(ix) Question numbers 25 to 33 in Section B are multiple choice questions based on practical skills. Each question is a one-mark
question. You are to select one most appropriate response out of the four provided to you.
(x) Question numbers 34 to 36 in section B are two-marks questions based on practical skills. These are to be answered in brief.

Delhi Set I Code No. 31/1/1

SECTION - A (iii) increases the biomass production and thereby

the income of the watershed community.
1. Write the next homologue of each of the following: (iv) helps in maintaining ecological balance by
(i) C2H4 (ii) C4H6 1 scientific conservation of soil and water.
Ans. (i) C3H6 (or any other) (Any four)
(ii) C5H8 6. Explain giving example where active involvement
2. Name the part of Bryophyllum where the buds are of local people lead to efficient management of
produced for vegetative propagation. 1 forest.2
Ans. Leaf (notches). Ans. (i) In West Bengal the Sal forests had been very
badly degraded.
3. List two natural ecosystems. 1
(ii) A forest officer involved villagers in protection
Ans. Natural ecosystem : Forest/Lake/Pond/River.
of Sal forest and gave them employment in
(Any two) ½+½ silviculture and harvesting operations.
4. State two positions in which a concave mirror (iii) Villagers were allowed to collect firewood and
produces a magnified image of a given object. List fodder on a nominal payment.
two differences between the two images. (iv) Within a period of 10 years the previously
2 worthless forests became valuable.
Ans. Two Positions: 7. What are covalent compounds ? Why are they
(i) between its pole and focus different from ionic compounds ? List their three
(ii) between the focus and centre of curvature characteristic properties. 3
Two Differences: Ans. (i) Covalent compounds are those compounds
(i) the image is virtual and erect which are formed by sharing of electrons
(ii) the image is real and inverted between two atoms / which contain covalent
bonds.
5. List four advantages of properly managed
watershed management. 2 (ii) Covalent compounds are different from ionic
compounds because the ionic compounds are
Ans. Advantages of watershed management:
formed by the transfer of electrons.
(i) mitigates drought and floods.
(iii) Three characteristics of covalent compounds:
(ii) increase the life of the dams and reservoirs (i) Generally have low melting and boiling
downstream. points.
 SOLVED PAPER – 2016 (SCIENCE)

(ii) Generally insoluble or less soluble in water

M (NO3)2 / Mg (NO3)2; MSO4 / MgSO4; M3
but soluble in organic solvents. (PO4)2 / Mg3 (PO4)2.
(iii) Do not conduct electricity. (Or any other (iii) ‘M’ will form ionic compounds by losing two
characteristic) (Any three) electrons.
8. When ethanol reacts with ethanoic acid in the 11. How do organisms, whether reproduced asexually
presence of conc. H2SO4, a substance with fruity or sexually maintain a constant chromosome
smell is produced. Answer the following: number through several generations ? Explain
with the help of suitable example. 3
(i) State the class of compounds to which the
fruity smelling compounds belong. Write the Ans. (i) When organisms reproduce asexually,
chemical equation for the reaction and write only mitotic divisions are involved and the
the chemical name of the product formed. chromosome number remains the same.
During asexual reproduction the DNA (in
(ii) State the role of conc. H2SO4 in this reaction.
the chromosomes) of the cells involved are
3 copied and then equally divided among the
Ans. (i) Esters. two daughter cells formed. Thus, chromosome
Chemical equation: number remains unchanged.
O (ii)
O In sexual reproduction, organisms produce
|| || gametes through a special type of division,
Conc.H2SO4
meiosis – reductional division, in which the
CH 3 — C — OH+CH 3CH 2OH → CH 3 — C— O — CH 2 — CH 3+H 2O
original number of chromosomes becomes half.
O O These two gametes combine to form the zygote
|| ||
Conc.H2SO4 and the original number of chromosomes is
C — OH+CH 3CH 2OH → CH 3 — C— O — CH 2 — CH 3+H 2O
restored. // In sexual reproduction specialized
1 cells/ germ cells with only half the number of
Product’s chemical name – Ethyl ethanoate. ½ chromosomes are formed. When these germ
cells from two individuals combine to form
(ii) Conc. H2SO4 acts as a dehydrating agent (Helps in
a new individual, the original chromosome
the removal of water formed in the reaction). 1
number is restored.
9. Calcium is an element with atomic number 20.
(iii) Example: In humans, the parents father
Stating reason answer each of the following
and mother each have 46 or 23 pairs of
questions:
chromosomes. In the gametes – the sperm has
(i) Is calcium a metal or non-metal ? half the number of chromosomes i.e., 23 and the
(ii) Will its atomic radius be larger or smaller than egg also has 23 chromosomes, when the sperm
that of potassium with atomic number 19 ? and the egg fuse, the zygote has 46 or 23 pairs of
(iii) Write the formula of its oxide. 3 chromosomes. Thus, the chromosome number
Ans. (i) It is a metal. remains constant.
12. Name the parts A, B and C shown in the following
Since it has two electrons in its outermost shell/
diagram and state one function of each. 3
two valence electrons, which it can lose easily.
(ii) K (19) is placed before Ca (20) in the same
period/ fourth period.
Since the atomic radius decreases along a A
period, the atomic radius of calcium is smaller
B
than that of potassium.
(iii) The formula of oxide of calcium is CaO, C
because the valency of calcium as well as that
of oxygen is 2.
10. An element ‘M’ with electronic configuration (2,
8, 2) combines separately with (NO3)–, (SO4)2– and Ans. (A) Anther – it produces pollen grains.
3–
(PO4) radicals. Write the formula of the three (B) Style – it provides the path through which the
compounds so formed. To which group and period pollen tube grows and reaches the ovary.
of the Modern Periodic Table does the elements
‘M’ belong ? Will ‘M’ form covalent or ionic (C) Ovary – it contains ovules and each ovule has
compounds? Give reason to justify your answer. 3 an egg cell/ female gamete. It develops into fruit
Ans. (i) The electronic configuration (2, 8, 2) of the after fertilization.
element ‘M’ suggests that it belongs to group 2 13. Suggest three contraceptive methods to control the
and period 3 of the Modern Periodic Table and size of human population which is essential for the
its valency is 2. health and prosperity of a country. State the basic
(ii) The chemical formula of the compounds are: principle involved in each. 3
 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years' Solved Papers, Class–10th

Ans. Three methods of contraception: OR

(i) Barrier method or mechanical method/ (a) Parent TT tt
Condom/ Diaphragm, to prevent the meeting
of sperms and ova.
Gamete T t
(ii) Chemical method/ Oral pills, Changes the
hormonal balance of the female partner so that
the eggs are not released.
F1 Tt Tall
(iii) Surgical method – to block the vas deferens
in males/ vasectomy or the fallopian tube
(oviduct) in females/ tubectomy, to prevent Gamete T t
the transfer of sperms or egg and hence no
fertilization takes place. (b) F2 T
TT Tt

(iv) IUCDs/ Loop or the copper-T placed in the Tall Tall

uterus, to prevent pregnancy.
Tt tt
 (Any three) t
14. In one of his experiments with pea plants Mendel Tall Dwarf
observed that when a pure tall pea plant is crossed
with a pure dwarf pea plant, in the first generation, Tall : Dwarf
F1 only tall plants appear. 3 :1
(a) What happens to the traits of the dwarf plants
in this case ? 15. List three distinguishing features, in tabular form,
(b) When the F1 generation plants were self- between acquired traits and the inherited traits. 3
fertilised, he observed that in the plants of
Ans.
second generation, F2 both tall plants and
dwarf plants were present. Why it happened ? S. Acquired traits Inherited traits
Explain briefly. 3 No.
Ans. (a) The dwarf traits of the plants is not expressed in 1. Do not bring changes Bring changes in the
the presence of the dominant tall trait. in the DNA of germ DNA of germ cells.
(b) In the F2 generation, both the tall and dwarf cells.
traits are present in the ratio of 3:1. This showed
2. Cannot direct evolu- Can direct evolution.
that the traits for tallness and dwarfness are
tion.
present in the F1 generation, but the dwarfness,
being the recessive trait does not express itself 3. Cannot be passed on Can be passed on to
in the presence of tallness, the dominant trait. to the progeny. the progeny.

16. Draw the following diagram, in which a ray of light is incident on a concave/convex mirror, on your answer
sheet. Show the path of this ray, after reflection, in each case. 3
ll
l
ll
lll
lllllll

F F F
ll
l

ll
l

Ans. ll
l
ll
lll
lllllll

F F F
ll
l

ll

l

17. Why does the sun appear reddish early in the the blue light and shorter wavelengths are scattered
morning ? Will this phenomenon be observed by away by the particles in the atmosphere. The light
an observer on the moon ? Justify your answer that reaches us is of longer wavelengths giving a
with a reason. 3 reddish appearance.
Ans. Early in the morning, the sun is near the horizon,
This phenomenon will not be observed by an
sunlight reaches us after travelling a longer distance observer on the moon.
through thick layers of atmosphere. Thus most of
SOLVED PAPER – 2016 (SCIENCE)

Because of the absence of atmosphere on the moon. Ans. (a)
18. Give reason to justify the following: (i) Ovary— (i) Production of female
(a) The existence of decomposers is essential in a hormone
(ii) Production of female
biosphere.
gamete
(b) Flow of energy in a food chain is
(ii) Oviduct— (i) Transfer of female gamete
unidirectional. 3
from the ovary
Ans. (a) The existence of decomposers is essential in a (ii) Site of fertilization
biosphere because they breakdown complex (iii) Uterus— (i) Implantation of the zygote
organic substances into simple inorganic (ii) Nourishment of the
substances that can be absorbed by the plants. developing embryo/placenta
Thus, decomposers: formation
(i) replenish the soil naturally
(b) Structure of Placenta: It is a disc like structure
(ii) helps in removing the biodegradable
embedded in the uterine wall connected to
waste.
the embryo. It has villi on the embryo’s side of
(b) In a food chain the energy moves progressively the tissue and on the mother side, it has blood
through the various trophic levels, it is no longer spaces, which surround the villi.
available to the previous level (autotrophs) and Function of Placenta: It provides a large surface
the energy captured by the autotrophs does not area for nutrients/glucose and oxygen to pass
go back to the solar input. Hence, the flow of from the mother’s side to the embryo and waste
energy is unidirectional. substances from the embryo’s side to mother’s
19. (a) Give a chemical test to distinguish between blood.
saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon. 21. What is meant by speciation ? List four factors that
(b) Name the products formed when ethane burns could lead to speciation. Which of these cannot be
in air. Write the balanced chemical equation a major factor in the speciation of a self-pollinating
plant species. Give reason to justify your answer. 5
for the reaction showing the types of energies
liberated. Ans. (i) Speciation: The process of formation of a new
species from a pre-existing one.
(c) Why is reaction between methane and chlorine
(ii) Four factors are as:
in the presence of sunlight considered a
substitution reaction ? 5 l Genetic drift
l Mutation / Drastic change in the genes or
Ans. (a) Pass the vapours of the given samples of
DNA
saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons into
bromine water taken in two separate test-tubes. (iii) Natural selection
The one which discharges the colour of bromine (iv) Geographical isolation
water is that of unsaturated hydrocarbon and (iii) Geographical isolation cannot be a major factor
the other represents saturated hydrocarbon. (or in the speciation of a self-pollinating plant
any other test) species.
(b) On burning ethane in air, the products obtained (iv) Reason : Physical barrier cannot be created in
are carbon dioxide and water, along with heat self-pollinating plants.
and light. 22. (a) Define the following terms in the context of
spherical mirrors:
2 C2H6 (g) + 7 O2 (g) → 4 CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (l)
(i) Pole
+ Heat + Light
(ii) Centre of curvature
(c) It is considered a substitution reaction because
the hydrogen atoms of methane (CH4) are (iii) Principal axis
replaced by chlorine atoms one by one. (iv) Principal focus

20. (a) Write the functions of the following parts in (b) Draw ray diagrams to show the principal focus
of a:
human female reproductive system :
(i) Concave mirror
(i) Ovary (ii) Oviduct
(ii) Convex mirror
(iii) Uterus
(c) Consider the following diagram in which
(b) Describe the structure and function of M is a mirror and P is an object and Q is its
placenta. 5 magnified image formed by the mirror.
 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years' Solved Papers, Class–10th

M Q (c) Find the power of a convex lens which forms a

P real, and inverted image of magnification –1 of
O an object placed at a distance of 20 cm from its
C F optical centre. 5
A'
Ans. (a)
State the type of the mirror M and one A
characteristic property of the image Q. 5
B' F1 B –u O F2
Ans. (a) (i) Pole – Centre of the reflecting surface of +f
–v
the mirror.
(ii) Centre of curvature – The centre of the
hollow sphere of which the reflecting
surface of mirror forms a part. 1 1 1
(b) Relation : = –
f v u
(iii) Principal axis – Straight-line passing
through the pole and the centre of (c) m = –1; u = – 20 cm; v = ?, f = ?
curvature of a spherical mirror. Marking of u & v
(iv) Principal focus – Incident rays parallel v
to principal axis, after reflection, either m=

u
converge to or appear to diverge from a
∴ v = + 20 cm
fixed point on the principal axis called
principal focus of the spherical mirror. Thus object is at 2F

(b) i.e., 2f = 20 cm

(i) M ∴ f = 10 cm = 0.1m
A
1
i D P=
r f

1
P = = + 10 D
C F 0.1
At
Infinity 24. (a) Write the function of each of the following
B parts of human eye : Cornea; iris; crystalline
N lens; ciliary muscles.
(ii) G
(b) Millions of people of the developing countries
r M
i D
of world are suffering from corneal blindness.
A
These persons can be cured by replacing the
E
defective cornea with the cornea of a donated
P F C eye. A charitable society of your city has
B organised a campaign in your neighbourhood
At N in order to create awareness about this fact.
Infinity
If you are asked to participate in this mission
how would you contribute in this noble cause ?
(c) Concave mirror
(i) State the objective of organising such
Image formed is virtual. campaigns.
23. (a) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation (ii) List two arguments which you would
of image by a convex lens when an object is give to motivate the people to donate
placed in front of the lens between its optical their eyes after death.
centre and principal focus.
(iii) List two values which are developed in
(b) In the above ray diagram mark the object- the persons who actively participate and
distance (u) and the image-distance (v) with contribute in such programmes. 5
their proper signs (+ve or – ve as per the new Ans. (a) Functions of the parts of human eye :
Cartesian sign convention) and state how these
l Cornea – Refracts the rays of light falling on
distances are related to the focal length (f) of
the eye.
the convex lens in this case.
l Iris – Controls the size of the pupil.
SOLVED PAPER – 2016 (SCIENCE)

l Crystalline lens – Focuses the image of the The correct comments are:
object on the retina. (a) I, II and III
l Ciliary muscles – Holds the eye lens and
(b) II, III and IV
adjusts its focal length.
(c) I, II and IV
(b) (i) Objectives – To make people aware and

(d) Only I and IV 1
realize their duties towards society.
28. A student has to perform the experiment “To
(ii) One person can give sight to two people.
identify the different parts of an embryo of a dicot

Our eyes can live even after our death.
seed.” Select from the following an appropriate
(iii) Concern for others/ Responsible group of seeds:
behaviour/ Group work/ or any other.
(a) pea, gram, wheat
(Any two)
(b) red kidney bean, maize, gram
SECTION - B ** (c) maize, wheat, red kidney bean
(d) red kidney bean, pea, gram 1
25. Which of the following sets of materials can be
29. Which of the following is a correct set of
used for conducting a saponification reaction for
homologous organs ?
the preparation of soap ?
(a) Forelimbs of frog, bird and lizard
(a) Ca(OH)2 and neem oil
(b) Spine of cactus and thorn of bougainvillea
(b) NaOH and neem oil
(c) Wings of bat and wings of butterfly
(c) NaOH and mineral oil
(d) Wings of a bird and wings of a bat 1
(d) Ca(OH)2 and mineral oil  1 30. A student obtained a sharp image of a candle flame
26. A student takes four test tubes marked P, Q, R placed at the distant end of the laboratory table on
and S of 25 mL capacity and fill 10 mL of distilled a screen using a concave mirror to determine its
water in each. He dissolves one spoon full of four focal length. The teacher suggested him to focus a
different salts in each as – KCl in P, NaCl in Q, distant building about 1 km far from the laboratory,
CaCl2 in R and MgCl2 in S. He then adds about for getting more correct value of the focal length.
2 mL of a sample of soap solution to each of the In order to focus the distant building on the same
above test-tubes. On shaking the contents of each screen the student should slightly move the :
of the test-tubes, he is likely to observe a good (a) mirror away from the screen
amount of lather (foam) in the test tubes marked : (b) screen away from the mirror
(a) P and Q (b) R and S (c) screen towards the mirror
(c) P, Q and R (d) P, Q and S 1 (d) screen towards the building 1
27. Consider the following comments 31. To determine the approximate focal length of the
about
saponification reactions: given convex lens by focussing a distant object
I Heat is evolved in these reactions (say, a sign board), you try to focus the image of
the object on a screen. The image you obtain on the
II For quick precipitation of soap sodium chloride
screen is always:
is added to the reaction mixture
(a) erect and laterally inverted
III Saponification reactions are special kind of
(b) erect and diminished
neutralisation reactions
(c) inverted and diminished
IV Soaps are basic salts of long chain fatty acids (d) virtual, inverted and diminished 1
32. Select from the following the best experimental set-up for tracing the path of a ray of light passing through a
rectangular glass slab :

P Q R S
(a) P (b) Q (c) R (d) S  1

** Practical Part
 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years' Solved Papers, Class–10th

33. Study the following figure in which a student (i) phenolphthalein

has marked the angle of incidence (∠i), angle of (ii) distilled water
refraction (∠r), angle of emergence (∠e), angle of (iii) universal indicator
prism (∠A) and the angle of deviation (∠D). The (iv) sodium hydrogen carbonate powder 2
correctly marked angles are :
35. Draw a labelled diagram to show that particular
A
stage of binary fission in amoeba in which its
nucleus elongates and divide into two and a
e constriction appears in its cell membrane. 2
i r
D
36. A student focuses the image of a well illuminated
distant object on a screen using a convex lens. After
that he gradually moves the object towards the
lens and each time focuses its image on the screen
by adjusting the lens.
(a) ∠A and ∠i
(i) In which direction-towards the screen or away
(b) ∠A, ∠i and ∠r from the screen, does he move the lens ?
(c) ∠A, ∠i, ∠e and ∠D (ii) What happens to the size of the image-does it
(d) ∠A, ∠i, ∠r and ∠D 1 decrease or increase ?
34. What do you observe when you drop a few drops (iii)What happens to the image on the screen when
of acetic acid to a test-tube containing : he moves the object very close to the lens ? 2

Delhi Set II Code No. 31/1/2

Note: Except these, all other questions are from
Tracing the reflected ray
Set-I.

Marking ∠i & ∠r

1. Name the following compounds:
7. What is an oxidising agent ? What happens when
(a) CH3 — CH2 — OH;
an oxidising agent is added to propanol ? Explain
H
with the help of a chemical equation. 3
|
(b) CH3 — C = O Ans. l It is a substance which can give oxygen to other
substances.
Ans. (a) Ethanol (b) Ethanal Alkaline KMnO + Heat
2. What is DNA ? 1 CH 3 —CH 2 —CH 2 —OH  4
OR Acidified K Cr O + Heat
→
2 2 7
Ans. It is the carrier of hereditary information from
parents to the next generation. Propanol O
3. List two biotic components of a biosphere. 1 ||
Ans. Producers, consumers, decomposers. CH3—CH2—C—OH
OR Propanoic acid
Plants, animals, micro-organisms. (Any two)
l Propanol is oxidised to Propanoic acid.
4. A ray of light is incident on a convex mirror as 10. Name any two elements of group one and write
shown. Redraw the diagram and complete the path their electronic configurations. What similarity
of this ray after reflection from the mirror. Mark do you observe in their electronic configurations ?
angle of incidence and angle of reflection on it. 2 Write the formula of oxide of any of the aforesaid
element. 3
Ans. l Two elements of group 1 are Na, K / sodium,
potassium.
P F C
Electronic configurations Na = 2,8,1; K = 2,8,8,1

l Similarity: Both have one valence electron /
Ans. One electron in outermost shell.
r
l Oxide – Na2O / K2O
i
i 11. What are the functions of testis in the human
r
P
male reproductive system? Why are these
C F P F C
located outside the abdominal cavity ? Who
is responsible for bringing about changes
SOLVED PAPER – 2016 (SCIENCE)

in appearance seen in boys at the time of

l The sky appears blue because the blue colour of
puberty ? 3 sunlight scatters much more strongly than the
Ans. Functions of testis: red colour by particles in atmosphere/ air due to
its shorter wavelength.
(i) Produce sperms.

l At sun-rise and sun-set most of the blue light
(ii) Produces male hormone/ testosterone.
and shorter wavelengths are scattered away by

l These are located outside the human body, the particles in the atmosphere as the light from
as sperms need lower temperature than the the sun near the horizon passes through thick
normal body temperature to mature. layers of air and larger distance. The light that

l Testosterone. reaches us is of longer wavelength (red colour)
13. What is multiple fission ? How does it occur in an giving a reddish appearance.
organism ? Explain briefly. Name one organism 22. (a) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation
which exhibits this type of reproduction. 3 of image by a concave lens when an object is
Ans. Multiple fission: The process of reproduction in placed in front of it.
which many individuals are formed or produced (b) In the above diagram mark the object-distance
from the parent cell. (u) and the image-distance (v) with their proper

In this process, the nucleus divides repeatedly signs (+ve or –ve as per the new Cartesian sign
to produce large number of nuclei. Each nucleus convention) and state how these distances are
gathers a bit of cytoplasm around itself, develops a related to the focal length (f) of the concave
membrane around each structure. Many daughter lens in this case.
cells develop which on liberation grow into adult (c) Find the nature and power of a lens which forms
organism. a real and inverted image of magnification –1

Plasmodium exhibits this type of fission. at a distance of 40 cm from its optical centre. 5
14. How did Mendel interpret his result to show that Ans. (a)
traits may be dominant or recessive ? Describe
briefly. 3
F +v
Ans. Mendel conducted breeding experiments on Pea –u
plants.

l He selected pure breed tall and dwarf plants.

Diagram

l He cross-pollinated these plants.
(b) Marking – u and – v

l In the F1 generation obtained only tall plants.
Tallness is the dominant trait. Relation:

l Then, he produced F2 generation by selfing of 1 1 1
–
hybrids / F1. f = v u


th

l He found that 3/4 of the plants were tall and (c) As, m = – 1 hence, the lens is convex.
th
1/4 were dwarf.
v

l The trait which remains hidden in F1 generation Q m=
u
plants is the recessive traits.
16. What is meant by scattering of light ? The sky ∴ v = – u
appears blue and the sun appears reddish at Thus, object is at 2F
sunrise and sunset. Explain these phenomena with 2f = 40 cm
reason. 3
∴ f = 20 cm = 0.2 m
Ans. l Scattering of light – Phenomenon of spreading
1 1
of light (diffused reflection) by minute particles P=
in a medium. f = 0.2 = + 5D (convex lens)

Delhi Set III Code No. 31/1/3

Note: Except these, all other questions are from 2. What happens when a Planaria gets cut into two
Set-I & II. pieces ? 1
1. Select saturated hydrocarbons from the following : Ans. Each piece regenerates into a new Planaria.

C3H6; C5H10; C4H10; C6H14; C2H4 1 3. Why are green plants called producers ? 1
Ans. C4H10; C6H14. Ans. Because the green plants prepare food by
photosynthesis by using solar energy.
 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years' Solved Papers, Class–10th

4. What is meant by power of a lens ? What does Cross pollination : When pollen grains from the
its sign (+ve or –ve) indicate ? State its S.I. unit. stamens of a flower fall on the stigma of another
How is this unit related to focal length of a flower, then cross pollination occurs.
lens ? 2
14. In a monohybrid cross between tall pea plants (TT)
Ans. l Ability of lens to converge or diverge the light and short pea plants (tt) a scientist obtained only
rays.
tall pea plants (Tt) in the F1 generation. However,
l +ve sign → converging lens/ convex lens
on selfing the F1 generation pea plants, he obtained
−ve sign → diverging lens/ concave lens
both tall and short plants in F2 generation.
l S.I. unit – dioptre
On the basis of above observations with other
1 dioptre = 1/ focal length (m) angiosperms also, can the scientist arrive at a law ?
6. “Reuse is better than recycling of materials”. Give If yes, explain the law. If not, give justification for
reason to justify this statement. 2
your answer. 3
Ans. Reuse refers to the use of the same material again
Ans. Yes, the scientist may arrive at the law of dominance
and again.
according to which the trait that is expressed in the
In reuse of materials no energy is consumed and the
resources are saved. F1 generation is the dominant trait, although both
the dominant and recessive traits are present in the
In recycling certain used materials are converted
into other useful materials. F1 generation. In the F2 generation the recessive
In recycling of materials, energy is consumed and traits is also expressed along with the dominant
the resources may be wasted. traits.
7. Name the compound formed when ethanol is Tall Dwarf
heated in excess of conc. sulphuric acid at 443 K. P – TT tt
Also write the chemical equation of the reaction
stating the role of conc. sulphuric acid in it. What Gametes
would happen if hydrogen is added to the product T T × t t
of this reaction in the presence of catalysts such as F1 – Tt All tall plants
palladium or nickel ? 3
Selfing
Ans. l Ethene.
l Conc. H SO + Heat
2 4
C 2 H 5OH → H 2C=CH 2+H 2O
443K
Gametes T t T t
Conc. H2SO4 + Heat
C 2 H 5OH  → H 2C=CH 2+H 2O
443K T t
F2 –
ethene
TT Tt
3 tall : 1 dwarf
l Conc. H2SO4 acts as a dehydrating agent/ Tt tt
removes water from the reactant.
l Ethane/ C2H6 will be formed. 16. (a) Draw a ray diagram to show the refraction of
* 9. Two elements ‘A’ and ‘B’ belong to the 3rd period light through a glass slab and mark angle of
of Modern periodic table and are in group 2 refraction and the lateral shift suffered by the
and 13 respectively. Compare their following ray of light while passing through the slab.
characteristics in tabular form : (b) If the refractive index of glass for light going
(a) Number of electrons in their atoms from air to glass is 3/2, find the refractive index
(b) Size of their atoms of air for light going from glass to air. 3
(c) Their tendencies to lose electrons Ans. (a)
(d) The formula of their oxides
(e) Their metallic character
(f) The formula of their chlorides 3
r
11. What is meant by pollination ? Name and
differentiate between the two modes of pollination
in flowering plants. 3
Ans. Pollination : The transfer of pollen grains from the
anther to the stigma is called pollination. x
The two types of pollination :
Self pollination : When the pollen grains from the Diagram
stamens of a flower fall on the stigma of the same
Marking ∠r and x
flower, then self pollination occurs.

* Out of Syllabus
SOLVED PAPER – 2016 (SCIENCE)

3 prisms are arranged together in inverted position

(b) ang = with respect to each other and a narrow beam of
2
white light is allowed to fall obliquely on one of
1 1 2 the focus of the first prism. 3
∴ ang = = =
a g n
3/2 3
Ans. Cause of dispersion of white light – Different
colours of light bend through different angles with
Alternately, c air = 3 respect to the incident ray as they pass through a
c glass 2
prism. Violet light bends the most and red the least.
Thus, the each colour emerges along different paths.
c glass 2
∴ = Screen
3 A
c air P

17. State the cause of dispersion of white light passing R light

White light R R White
through a glass prism. How did Newton show that V V
white light of sun contains seven colours using V
two identical glass prisms. Draw a ray diagram to P1 A
show the path of light when two identical glass

Outside Delhi Set I Code No. 31/2/1

SECTION - A l This Andolan quickly spread to other parts of the

country and forced the government to rethink
1. Write the name and structure of an alcohol with their priorities in the use of forest produce,
three carbon atoms in its molecule. 1 consequently the local people benefitted.
Ans. Propanol, l The environment was saved from permanent
H H H damage/ affected the quality of soil and the
| | | sources of water.
H — C — C — C — OH OR CH3CH2CH2OH 6. ''Burning of fossil fuels results in global warming''.
| | | Give reasons to justify this statement. 2
H H H
Ans. Burning of fossil fuels produces green house
2. What happens when a mature Spirogyra filament gases (CO, CO2, water vapour, oxides of nitrogen,
attains considerable length ? 1 sulphur). High concentration of CO2 causes global
Ans. Its filament breaks up into smaller fragments warming.
or pieces, and each fragment grows into a new 7. Write chemical equation of the reaction of ethanoic
filament/individual. acid with the following:
3. The deplection of ozone layer is a cause of concern. (a) Sodium; (b) Sodium hydroxide;
Why ? 1 (c) Ethanol.
Ans. Ultraviolet rays from the sun penetrate down the Write the name of one main product of each
earth and cause health hazards/skin cancer in reaction.3
human beings Ans. (a) 2CH3COOH + 2Na → 2CH3COONa + H2
4. Name the type of mirrors used in the design of Sodium ethanoate/ Sodium acetate
solar furnaces. Explain how high temperature is (b) CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa
achieved by this device. 2
+ H 2O
Ans. l Concave Mirrors / Converging Mirrors.
Sodium ethanoate/ sodium acetate

l When a solar furnace is placed at the focus (c) CH3COOH + C2H5OH → CH3COOC2H5
of a large concave mirror/ reflector, it focuses  + H2O
a parallel beam of light on the furnace,
Ethyl ethanoate/ ester
consequently a high temperature is achieved
8. An aldehyde as well as a ketone can be represented
after some time.
by the same molecular formula, say C3H6O. Write
5. ''What was Chipko Andolan'' ? How did this their structures and name them. State the relation
Andolan ultimately benefit the local people and the between the two in the language of science. 3
environment ? 2
Ans. l Propanal ( aldehyde);
Ans. l Chipko Andolan (Hug the Trees Movement) – H H O
Women of Reni village in Garhwal hugged the
—

—
—

tree trunks preventing the contractors from H — C — C — C — OH

—

felling the trees.

H H
 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years' Solved Papers, Class–10th

l Propanone( ketone);
l From this mass of cells different cells undergo
H H changes to become various cell types and tissues

—
finally developing into a new organism.
H—C—C—C—H
13. (a) List two reasons for the appearance of

—
H O H variations among the progeny formed by
l Isomers (same molecular formula but different sexual reproduction.
structural formula/different functional group) A
(b)
* 9. An element 'X' belongs to 3rd period and group 16 B
of the Modern Periodic Table.
(a) Determine the number of valence electrons
and the valency of 'X'.
(b) Molecular formula of the compound when 'X' C

reacts with hydrogen and write its electron dot

structure.
(c) Name the element 'X' and state whether it is
metallic or non-metallic. 3
* 10. An element 'X' has mass number 35 and number of
neutrons 18. Write atomic number and electronic
D
configuration of 'X'. Also write group number,
period number and valency of 'X'. 3
11. Define reproduction. How does it help in
providing stability to the population of
species ? 3 (i) Name the part marked 'A' in the diagram.
Ans. Reproduction : It is a ( biological) process by which (ii) How does 'A' reaches part 'B' ?
new individuals of the same species are produced
(iii) States the importance of the part 'C'.
by the existing organisms.
(iv) What happens to the part marked 'D' after

l Populations of organisms live in well defined
fertilisation is over ? 3
places called niches in the ecosystem using their
ability to reproduce. Ans. (a) (i) Involvement of two different individuals.

l Reproduction involves DNA copying which is (ii) Creation of new combination of variants.
the source of information for making proteins (b) (i) pollen / pollen grain.
thereby controlling body design.
(ii) by pollination / agents of pollination.

l These body designs allow the organism to
(iii) It ( pollen tube) helps male gamete to reach
use a particular niche for the stability of the
egg (ovule).
population of a species.
(iv) Converts into embryo.

l (Minor) variations may also lead to the stability
of the species. 14. How do Mendel's experiment show that traits are
12. Explain the term ''Regeneration'' as used in relation inherited independently ? 3
to reproduction of organisms. Describe briefly Ans. l When a cross was made between a tall pea plant
how regeneration is carried out in multicellular with round seeds and a short pea plant with
organisms like Hydra. 3 wrinkled seeds, the F1 progeny plants are all tall
Ans. Regeneration: It is the ability of an organism to give with round seeds. This indicates that tallness
rise to a new organism / individual from their body and round seeds are the dominant traits.
parts.
l When the F1 plants are self pollinated the F2
Regeneration in hydra: progeny consisted of some tall plants with

l When the body of hydra by any means is cut round seeds and some short plants with
into number of pieces. wrinkled seeds which are the parental traits.

l Each piece contains specialized cells.
l There were also some new combinations like

l These cells proliferate and make large number tall plants with wrinkled seeds and short plants
of cells. with round seeds.

* Out of Syllabus
SOLVED PAPER – 2016 (SCIENCE)

l Thus it may be concluded that tall and short A Screen
P
traits and round and wrinkled seed traits have
been inherited independently. R light
White light R R White
OR V
V
V
A flow chart depicting the same.
Note: Any other contrasting characters can also P1 A

be taken 18. The activities of man had adverse effects on

15. ''Two areas of study namely 'evolution' and all forms of living organisms in the biosphere.
'classification' are interlinked''. Justify this Unlimited exploitation of nature by man disturbed
statement. 3 the delicate ecological balance between the living
Ans. l Different forms of organisms/ life have and non-living components of the biosphere. The
evolved during the course of evolution, and unfavourable conditions created by man himself
classification deals with grouping of these threatened the survival not only of himself but also
organisms into groups and subgroups based on of the entire living organisms on the mother earth.
their similarities and differences. One of your classmates in an active member of
'Eco club' of your which is creating environmental

l The more characteristics any two species have
awareness amongst the school students, spreading
in common more closely they are related/ will
the same in the society and also working hard
have a more recent ancestor (and vice versa).
for preventing environmental degradation of the

l Thus classification helps tracing the evolutionary surroundings.
relationships between the two organisms hence
(a) Why is it necessary to conserve our
classification and evolution are interlinked.
environment ?
16. The image of an object formed by a mirror is real,
(b) State the importance of green and blue dust-
inverted and is of magnification – 1. If the image
bins in the safe disposal of the household
is at a distance of 40 cm from the mirror, where
waste.
is the object placed ? Where would the image be
if the object is moved 20 cm towards the mirror ? (c) List two values exhibited by your classmate
State reason and also draw ray diagram for the new who is an active member of Eco-clib of your
position of the object to justify your answer. 3 school.3
Ans. Object position : At C (Centre of curvature) Ans. Two reasons for the conservation of the environment:

Object distance = 40 cm (a) 1. To save air, water and soil from pollution.


Position of the image - at infinity 2. To maintain ecological balance in nature.
Reason: Focal length of the mirror = 20 cm (b) Green dustbins for biodegradable waste, and
blue dustbins for non-biodegradable waste for

If the object is moved 20 cm towards the mirror
proper disposal of waste without wasting time
then its new position would be at the focus of the
and energy in segregating the biodegradable
mirror.
ll
and non-biodegradable wastes.
l
(c) Values: cooperative spirit, concern about
ll
lll

environment, civic sense or any other.

lllllll

C F P
(Any two)
ll
l

ll
20 cm l
19. A carbon compound 'P' on heating with excess
40 cm
conc. H2SO4 forms another carbon compound 'Q'
(deduct ½ mark if arrows are missing / not marked) which on addition of hydrogen in the presence of
nickel catalyst forms a saturated carbon compound
17. Describe an activity to show that the colours
'R'. One molecule of 'R' on combustion forms two
of white light splitted by a glass prism can be
molecules of carbon dioxide and three molecules
recombined top get white light by another identical
of water. Identify P, Q and R and write chemical
glass-prism. Also draw ray diagram to show the
equations for the reactions involved. 5
recombination of the spectrum of white light. 3
Ans. P = Ethanol / C2H5OH
Ans. Description of activity: When a glass prism is used
to obtain a spectrum of sunlight, a second identical
Q = Ethene / CH2 = CH2
prism in an inverted position with respect to the
R = Ethane / C2H6
first position will allow all the colours of spectrum C H OH →
Conc. H 2 SO4
CH2 = CH2 + H2O
to recombine. Thus a beam of white light will 2 5 443K
Ethanol Ethene
emerge from the other side of the second prism.
 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years' Solved Papers, Class–10th

Nickel Catalyst A'

CH2 = CH2 
H
→ CH3 – CH3 ll
l
2
A

ll
Ethene Ethane

lll

lllllll
C F B P B'
7
C2H 6 + O → 2CO2 + 3H2O

ll
2 2

l
ll
l
12 cm

Note : Correct equation even without balancing be given
full credit.
(iii) Image also at 24 cm in front of the mirror
20. What is placenta ? Describe its structure. State its ll
l
functions in case of a pregnant human female. 5

ll
lll
Ans. Placenta: A special tissue that helps human embryo

lllllll
in obtaining nutrition from mother’s blood. C F P

ll
Structure: This is a disc which is embedded in the

l
ll
l
12 cm
uterine wall which contains villi on the embryo side
of the tissue, and on the mother’s side are blood 24 cm

spaces which surround the villi.
23. (a) Define optical centre of a spherical lens.
Function: This provides a large surface area for
(b) A divergent lens has a focal length of 20 cm. At
glucose and oxygen to pass from the mother to
the embryo, and the developing embryo will also what distance should an object of height 4 cm
generate waste substances which can be removed from the optical centre of the lens be placed so
by transferring them into the mothers blood that its image is formed 10 cm away from the
through the placenta. lens. Find the size of the image also.
21. Define evolution. How does it occur ? Describe (c) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of
how fossils provide us evidences in support of image in above situation. 5
evolution. 5 Ans. (a) Optical centre: the central point of a lens.
Ans. Evolution: The gradual unfolding of organisms (b) f = – 20 cm
from pre-existing organisms through change since
h1 = 4 cm, v = – 10, u = ?, h2 = ?
the origin of life.
1 1 1
It occurs because there is an inbuilt tendency to = – = –1 – 1 = –1 + 1
f v u –10 –20 10 20
variation during reproduction due to errors in DNA
copying and as a result of sexual reproduction. – 2+1 1
It is observed that although fossils appeared = =–

20 20
different from the existing species they may show
certain features similar to the existing species
u = – 20 cm
thus providing linkages between pre-existing and v – 10 cm
existing forms. hi = h0 = × 4 = 2 cm

u – 20 cm
Provide information about the extinct species which
were different from the existing species. (c)
22. It is desired to obtain an erect image of an object,
using concave mirror of focal length of 12 cm. 4 cm
(i) What should be the range of distance of an
F1 O F2
object placed in front of the mirror ?
20 cm
(ii) Will the image be smaller or larger than
the object. Draw ray diagram to show the 24. What is atmospheric refraction ? Use this
formation of image in this case. phenomenon to explain the following natural
(iii) Where will the image of this object be, if it is events.
placed 24 cm in front of the mirror ? Draw ray
(a) Twinkling of stars
diagram for this situation also to justify your
answer. (b) Advanced sun-rise and delayed sun-set.
Show the positions of pole, principal focus and the Draw diagrams to illustrate your answers. 5
centre of curvature in the above ray diagrams. 5 Ans. Atmospheric refraction: Refraction of light caused
Ans. (i) Range of distance: between 0 cm - < 12 cm by the earth’s atmosphere due to change in the
(ii) larger than the object refractive indices of different layers.
SOLVED PAPER – 2016 (SCIENCE)

(a) Twinkling of stars: Stars are distant point sized 26. For preparing soap in the laboratory we require an
source of light. The path of the rays of light oil and a base. Which of the following combinations
coming from the star goes on varying due to of an oil and a base would be best suited for the
atmospheric refraction slightly. Thus apparent preparation of soap ?
position of the stars fluctuates and the amount (a) Castor oil and calcium hydroxide
of star light entering the eye flickers giving the (b) Turpentine oil and sodium hydroxide
twinkling effect (c) Castor oil and sodium hydroxide
Apparent (d) Mustard oil and calcium hydroxide 1
Star star position 27. In the neighbourhood of your school, hard water
required for an experiment is not available. Select
Ray path from the following groups of salts available in your
school, a group each member of which, if dissolved
in distilled water, will make it hard :
(a) Sodium chloride, calcium chloride
(b) Potassium chloride, sodium chloride
Refractive index
increasing (c) Sodium chloride, magnesium chloride
(d) Calcium chloride, magnesium chloride 1
28. A student while observing an embryo of a pea seed
in the laboratory listed various parts of the embryo
as given below:
(b) Advanced sun-rise: When the sun is slightly
Testa, Tegmen, Radicle, Plumule, Micropyle,
below the horizon, light rays coming from the
Cotyledon.
sun travel from the rarer to denser layers of air.
On examining the list the teacher remarked that
Because of atmospheric refraction of light, light
only three parts are correct.
appears to come from a higher position above
Select three correct parts from the above list :
the horizon. Thus sun appears earlier than
(a) Testa, Radicle, Cotyledon
actual sunrise.
(b) Tegmen, Radicle, Micropyle
Delayed sunset: Same reason as similar
(c) Cotyledon, Plumule, Testa
refraction occurs at the sunset.
(d) Radicle, Cotyledon, Plumule 1
Apparent position
of the Sun 29. If you are asked to select a group of two vegetables,
out of the following, having homologous structures
which one would you select ?
Observer (a) Carrot and radish
Horizon
(b) Potato and sweet potato
(c) Potato and tomato
(d) Lady finger and potato 1
Earth
30. To determine the approximate value of the
focal length of a given concave mirror, you
focus the image of a distant object formed by
the mirror on a screen. The image obtained
Atmosphere on the screen, as compared to the object is
always :
SECTION - B** (a) Laterally inverted and diminished
(b) Inverted and diminished
25. A student puts a drop of reaction mixture of a
saponification reaction first on a blue litmus paper (c) Erect and diminished
and then on a red litmus paper. He may observe (d) Erect and highly diminished 1
that: 31. Suppose you have focused on a screen the image
(a) There is no change in the blue litmus paper of candle flame placed at the farthest end of the
and the red litmus paper turns white. laboratory table using a convex lens. If your
teacher suggests you to focus the parallel rays of
(b) There is no change in the red litmus paper and
sun, reaching your laboratory table, on the same
the blue litmus paper turns red.
screen, what you are expected to do is to move the :
(c) There is no change in the blue litmus paper
(a) lens slightly towards the screen
and the red litmus paper turns blue.
(b) lens slightly away from the screen
(d) No change in colour is observed in both the
(c) lens slightly towards the sun
litmus papers. 1
(d) lens and screen both towards the sun 1
** Practical Part
 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years' Solved Papers, Class–10th

32. In your laboratory you trace the path of light rays (a) ∠i and ∠e (b) ∠A and ∠D
through a glass slab for different values of angle of (c) ∠i, ∠e and ∠D (d) ∠i, ∠A and ∠D 1
incidence (∠i) and in each case measure the values
of the corresponding angle of refraction (∠r) and 34. A student adds a spoon full of powdered sodium
angle of emergence (∠e). hydrogen carbonate to a flask containing ethanoic
On the basis of your observation your correct acid. List two main observations, he must note in
conclusion is: his note book, about the reaction that takes place.
(a) ∠i is more than ∠r, but nearly equal to ∠e Also write chemical equation for the reaction. 2
(b) ∠i is less than ∠r, but nearly equal to ∠e 35. A student is observing a permanent slide showing
(c) ∠i is more than ∠e, but nearly equal to ∠r sequentially the different stages of a sexual
reproduction taking place in yeast. Name this
(d) ∠i is less than ∠e, but nearly equal to ∠r1
process and draw diagrams, of what he observes,
33. In the following ray diagram the correctly marked
in a proper sequence. 2
angle are :
36. An object of height 2.5 cm is placed at a distance of
A 15 cm from the optical centre 'O' of a convex lens
of focal length 10 cm. Draw a ray diagram to find
D
the position and size of the image formed. Mark
r
i e optical centre 'O', principal focus F and height of
the image on the diagram. 2

Outside Delhi Set II Code No. 31/2/2

Note : Except these, all other questions are from 7. On dropping a small piece of sodium in a test-
Set-I. tube containing carbon compound 'X' with
2. What are those organisms called which bear both molecular formula C2H6O, a brisk effervescence
the sex organs in the same individual. Give one is observed and a gas 'Y' is produced. On bringing
example of such organism. 1 a burning splinter at the mouth of the test-tube
Ans. Bisexual; Example: Hydra/Earthworm/Mustard/ the gas evolved burns with a pop sound. Identify
Hibiscus. (Or any other relevant example) 'X' and 'Y'. Also write the chemical equation for
3. Write one negative effect, on the environment, of the reaction. Write the name and structure of the
affluent life style of few persons of a society. 1 product formed, when you heat 'X' with excess
conc. sulphuric acid. 3
Ans. Use of excessive non-biodegradable material in
packaging. Excessive use of natural resources Ans. l X – C2H5OH; Y – H2 gas
like coal and petroleum which causes pollution. l 2C2H5OH + 2Na → 2C2H5ONa +
Affluent lifestyle results in generation of excessive H2 ↑
waste materials. (Any one) l Ethene; C2H4 CH2 = CH2
4. ''The magnification produced by a spherical mirror * 10. Three elements 'X', 'Y' and 'Z' have atomic numbers
is – 3''. List four informations you obtain from this 7, 8 and 9 respectively.
statement about the mirror/image. 2
(a) State their positions (Group number and
Ans. Real, inverted and magnified image is formed
period number both) in the Modern Periodic
beyond centre of curvature by a concave mirror.
Table.
5. Forests are ''biodiversity hot spots.'' Justify this
(b) Arrange these elements in the decreasing
statement. 2
order of their atomic radii.
Ans. The measure of biodiversity of an area is the number
(c) Write the formula of the compound formed
of species found there. Since, in a forest we can find
when 'X' combines with 'Z'. 3
a range of different life forms of plants and animals
the forests are the biodiversity hot spots. 12. In the context of reproduction of species state the
6. What is water harvesting ? How can this technique main difference between fission and fragmentation.
help in the conservation of water ? 2 Also give one example of each. 3
Ans. l Water harvesting is a technique of capturing Ans. Fission: It is the method of asexual reproduction in
rain water when it falls and taking measure to unicellular forms of life.
keep the water clean. In this process the parent organism splits to form
l Water is stored underground that remains two or more daughter cells.
unpolluted, it recharges wells and provides Example: Amoeba /Plasmodium /Paramecium.
moisture for vegetation over a wide area. (or any other relevant example)
* Out of Syllabus
SOLVED PAPER – 2016 (SCIENCE)

Fragmentation : It the process found in multicellular A'

organisms. M
The filament breaks up into two or more pieces
upon maturation. These pieces then grow into new A F1 2F2
individuals O
Example : Spirogyra. B' 2F1 F1 B
C1
15. With the help of an example justify the following
statement :
N
''A trait may be inherited, but may not be
expressed.'' 3 19. (a) Define focal length of a spherical lens.
Ans. In one of the Mendel’s experiments when (pure) (b) A divergent lens has a focal length of 30 cm. At
tall pea plants were crossed with (pure) dwarf pea what distance should an object of height 5 cm
plants, only tall pea plants were obtained in the F1 from the optical centre of the lens be placed so
generation. that its image is formed 15 cm away from the
On selfing the F1 generation pea plants, both lens ? Find the size of the image also.
tall and dwarf pea plants were obtained in the F2
generation. (c) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of
image in the above situation. 5
Reappearance of dwarf characters in F2 generation
proves that the dwarf trait was inherited but not Ans. (a) Distance between optical centre and focus of
expressed in F1 generation. the lens.
OR (b) f = – 30 cm; u = ?; h1 = 5 cm; h2 = ?, v = – 15 cm
Same explanation given with the help of a flow
1 1 1
chart. = –
f v u
(for detail Explanation refer Ans. 14, SA-II Topic 1 on

page 92) 1 1 1
16. The image of an object formed by a lens is of ⇒ = –
u v f
magnification – 1. If the distance between the
object and its image is 60 m, what is the focal length vf –15 cm×– 30 cm
of the lens ? If the object is moved 20 cm towards ⇒ u = =
f –v –30 cm – (– 15 cm)
the lens, where would the image be formed ? State
reason and also draw a ray diagram in support of = – 30 cm
your answer. 3
Ans. Image with magnification –1 means image is v h2
m= =
inverted and of the same size. u h1


Therefore, object is at 2F and the image is also at 2F
v –15 cm
on the other side of the lens. ⇒ h2 = × h1 = × 5 cm = 2.5 cm
Therefore, distance between the object and its u –30 cm
image is 4f = 60 cm (c)
⇒ f = 15 cm
Object distance 2f = 30 cm, if the object is shifted
towards the lens by 20 cm, the new object distance 4 cm
= 30 cm – 20 cm = 10 cm. F1 O F2
This distance is less than the focal length, and the
20 cm
image formed in this case would be virtual, erect
and will form on the same side as the object.

Outside Delhi Set III Code No. 31/2/3

Note : Except these, all other questions are from 2. List two functions of ovary of human female
Set-I & II. reproductive system. 1
1. Write the name and structure of an aldehyde with Ans. Two functions of ovary of human female
four carbon atoms in its molecule. 1 reproductive system are:
Ans. Butanal; CH3 — CH2 — CH2 — CHO l To produce female gamete / ovum.
l To secrete female hormones / estrogen /
Or
progesterone
H H H C 3. In a food chain of frog, grass, insect and snake,
—

—
—

assign trophic level to frog. 1

H — C — C — C — C — OH
Ans. Grass → insect → frog → snake / 3rd trophic
—

H H H level
 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years' Solved Papers, Class–10th

4. The refractive indices of glass and water with 8. Write three different chemical reactions showing
respect to air are 3/2 and 4/3 respectively. If speed the conversion of ethanoic acid to sodium
of light in glass is 2 × 108 m/s, find the speed of ethanoate. Write balanced chemical equation in
light in water. 2 each case. Write the name of the reactants and
Ans. Refractive index of a medium the products other than ethanoic acid and sodium
ethanoate in each case. 3
Speed of light in air
= Ans. 2CH3COOH + Na2CO3 → 2CH3COONa
Speed of light in the medium

Sodium Carbonate
3 Speed of light in air + H 2O + CO2
=
2 2 × 10 8 m/s water carbon dioxide

Speed of light in air = 3 × 108 m/s CH3COOH + NaHCO3 → CH3COONa
Speed of light in water Sodium hydrogen
3 × 10 8 m/s 8 carbonate
= = 2.25 × 10 m/s
4 / 3 + H2O + CO2
5. List four stakeholders which may be helpful in the water carbon dioxide
conservation of forests. 2 CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa
Ans. Stakeholders helpful in the conservation of forests Sodium hydroxide
are: + H 2O
l Local people living in villages near the forest. water
l Industrialists who use forest produce as raw 2CH3COOH + 2 Na → 2CH3COONa + H2
materials. Sodium hydrogen gas
l Wild life and nature enthusiasts.
(Any three reactions)
l Forest department of the government.
Note : Correct equation allot half mark each, mention of
6. The construction of large dams leads to social and either product or reactants half mark each.
environment problems. List two problems of each
* 9. An element 'X' belong to 3rd period and group 13 of
category.2
the Modern Periodic Table.
Ans. Social problems:
(a) Determine the valence electrons and the
l Many people are rendered homeless.
valency of 'X'.
l Displacement of large number of tribals without
(b) Molecular formula of the compound formed
due compensation.
when 'X' reacts with an element 'Y' (atomic
l Migration into the cities for settlements. number = 8).
(Any two) (c) Write the name and formula of the compound
Environmental problems: formed when 'X' combines with chlorine. 3
l Deforestation / loss of biodiversity 17. The image formed by a spherical mirror is real,
l Soil erosion / ecological imbalance inverted and is of magnification – 2. If the image is
* 7. The position of eight elements in the Modern at a distance of 30 cm from the mirror, where is the
Periodic Table is given below where atomic object placed ? Find the focal length of the mirror.
numbers of elements are given in the parenthesis. List two characteristics of the image formed if the
object is moved 10 cm towards the mirror. 3
Period No.
v
2 Li(3) Be(4) Ans. m = – 2, = 2, v = – 30 cm, u = – 15
u
3 Na(11) Mg(12)
uv
4 K(19) Ca(20) f=
u +v
5 Rb(37) Sr(38)
–15 cm × –30 cm 450
= = = – 10 cm
(i)
Write the electronic configuration of Ca. –15 cm + (–30)cm – 45

(ii)
Predict the number of valence electrons in Rb.
If the object is shifted 10 cm towards the mirror u =
(iii)
What is the number of shells in Sr ? −5 cm
(iv)
Predict whether K is a metal or a non-metal. Therefore the object is between pole and focus and
(v)
Which one of these elements has the largest the image formed is
atom in size ? (i) Virtual (ii) Erect
(vi) Arrange Be, Ca, Mg and Rb in the increasing
(iii) Magnified (Any two)
order of the size of their respective atoms. 3
* Out of Syllabus
SOLVED PAPER – 2016 (SCIENCE)

24. (a) Define focal length of a divergent lens. vf

u =
(b) A divergent lens of focal length 30 cm forms f –v


the image of an object of size 6 cm on the same
side as the object at a distance of 15 cm from its – 15 cm ×– 30 cm 450
= = – 30 cm
optical centre. Use lens formula to determine – 30 cm – (–15) cm = –15

the distance of the object from the lens and the
size of the image formed. v –15 cm
h2 = × h1 = –30 cm × 6 cm = 30 cm
(c) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of u
image in the above situation. 5
(c)
Ans. (a) Focal length-distance between pole and
principal focus of a divergent lens. M
A
(b) f = – 30 cm, u = ?, v = –15 cm, h1 = 6 cm, h2 = ?
 1 A'
1 1 1
= –
f v u 2F1 B F1 B' O

1 –1 1
⇒ = +
u f v

N

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