CET351 Research - Project Plan

Mohamed Jawsaky Saleeth Mohamed

229306288
BSc (Hons) Computer Systems Engineering Top UP
University Of Sunderland, Sir Tom Cowie Campus at St. Peter’s
AI in Healthcare - Exploring the Use of AI for Diagnosis, Treatment,
and Patient Care
Word count 3042
1. Justification of the Research Proposed
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into healthcare has the potential to
revolutionize medical practices, leading to more accurate diagnoses, personalized
treatments, and improved patient care. With the increasing availability of healthcare data
and advancements in AI technologies, it is imperative to explore and understand the
implications of incorporating AI in healthcare settings. This research aims to justify the need
for such exploration by addressing the gaps in current healthcare practices and
demonstrating the potential benefits of AI applications.

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare marks a pivotal advancement that
holds transformative promise for the medical landscape. As AI technologies continue to
evolve, their potential to significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy, enable tailored
treatment approaches, and elevate the standard of patient care becomes increasingly
evident.

The amalgamation of vast healthcare data resources with AI capabilities presents an

unprecedented opportunity to revolutionize medical practices and ultimately improve
patient outcomes.
Amidst this evolving landscape, it is crucial to delve deeper into the implications, challenges,
and benefits of AI implementation within healthcare settings. By doing so, we aim to
address critical gaps in current healthcare practices and underscore the compelling need to
explore and understand the multifaceted impact of AI.

This research is designed to illuminate the existing limitations within traditional medical
methodologies and showcase the potential advantages and ethical considerations linked to
the integration of AI in diagnosis, treatment, and patient care.

Moreover, this investigation intends to lay a foundational understanding of the nuanced

interplay between AI technologies and healthcare, emphasizing not only the potential
benefits but also the associated risks, ethical concerns, and the necessary regulatory
frameworks. By justifying the need for exploration, this research endeavors to pave the way
for informed, responsible, and optimized integration of AI within healthcare, ensuring that
its implementation aligns with the highest standards of patient safety, efficacy, and ethical
considerations.
2. The Project Aim
The primary aim of this research project is to comprehensively investigate the role of AI in
healthcare, focusing on its applications in diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient care.
The goal is to assess the effectiveness, efficiency, and ethical implications of AI-driven
healthcare solutions, providing valuable insights into how these technologies can be
integrated into existing medical practices.

3. The Project Objectives

● Evaluation of AI Applications: Assessing the diverse applications of AI in healthcare,

specifically in diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient care, to understand their
effectiveness and potential.

● Efficiency Analysis: Investigating the efficiency gains brought about by AI-driven

healthcare solutions, considering factors such as speed, accuracy, and resource
optimization.

● Ethical Implications: Scrutinizing the ethical considerations associated with

integrating AI in healthcare, exploring issues of privacy, bias, transparency, and
patient autonomy.

● Integration Insights: Providing insights into the integration pathways for these
technologies within existing medical practices, offering a roadmap for seamless and
responsible assimilation.

● The research aims to address these objectives to comprehensively understand the

role of AI in healthcare and to guide its ethical and effective integration into the
medical domain.
4. Contribution
This research project aims to contribute to the existing body of knowledge by providing a
comprehensive overview of the current state of AI in healthcare. The findings will not only
highlight the potential benefits but also address the challenges and ethical considerations
associated with the integration of AI in medical practices. The outcomes of this research will
inform healthcare professionals, policymakers, and researchers about the implications of
adopting AI technologies in the healthcare sector.

Identification of Research Gaps and Limitations:

The systematic literature survey will contribute by identifying and summarizing existing
research gaps and limitations within the domain of AI in healthcare, specifically focusing on
diagnosis, treatment, and patient care.

Comprehensive Overview of AI Applications:

The project aims to provide a thorough and up-to-date compilation of AI applications in
healthcare. By synthesizing information from a wide range of sources, it will offer a
comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art technologies and methodologies in
AI for medical diagnosis, treatment strategies, and patient care.

Critical Evaluation of Existing Approaches:

The research project will contribute through a critical and systematic evaluation of various
AI approaches employed in healthcare. This involves analyzing the strengths and
weaknesses of different applications, facilitating a comparative assessment to highlight their
effectiveness and potential challenges.

Framework for Future Research and Implementation:

The systematic literature survey will contribute by proposing a framework for guiding future
research directions and practical implementations in the field of AI in healthcare. This
framework will be based on insights derived from the existing literature, offering valuable
recommendations for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers.

5. Scientific Justification
Basic Research Orientation: This research project's assessment plans are based on basic
research principles and are intended to further our grasp of the basic principles behind the
use of AI in healthcare. Through examining the effectiveness of AI in diagnosis, therapy, and
patient care, the research adds to the body of fundamental knowledge in this
multidisciplinary subject.

Integration of Quantitative and Qualitative Research: Both quantitative and qualitative

research methodologies are included in the assessment plans. Through the measurement
and statistical analysis of variables, quantitative techniques offer unbiased perspectives on
the efficacy of AI applications. Conversely, qualitative approaches enable a more profound
comprehension of the contextual elements impacting the application of AI in healthcare
settings.

Testability and Reproducibility: The scientific strategies make sure that the influence of AI
on healthcare outcomes can be measured and tested through the use of quantifiable
measures. Reproducibility is also given top priority in the research design, enabling other
researchers to duplicate the investigation and confirm the findings. This strengthens the
conclusions' dependability and adds to the body of developed scientific knowledge.

Accuracy and Objectivity: The assessment plans are designed to maintain accuracy through
the use of precise metrics and established procedures for gathering and analyzing data. A
methodical approach minimizes biases in the interpretation of outcomes while maintaining
objectivity. This dedication to accuracy and neutrality enhances the study's scientific rigor.

Validity and Reliability: The study design places a high priority on the validity of the results,
making sure that the measures faithfully capture the ideas being studied. Furthermore, the
plans place a strong emphasis on dependability, showing consistency and dependability in
the output. Through a consideration of these fundamental scientific ideas, the research
seeks to generate reliable and significant conclusions regarding AI's role in healthcare.

Significance and Knowledge Contribution: The main objective of making a substantial

knowledge contribution to the scientific community justifies the assessment strategies. By
filling in the gaps in the body of existing research, the project seeks to provide fresh
perspectives on the efficacy of AI in healthcare applications. This focus on importance is
consistent with the core tenets of scientific inquiry, which emphasize the hunt for novel
insights to advance societal welfare.

● Identification of Potential Limitations and Solutions:

Data Error and Bias: The research will use strict data validation procedures and apply bias
mitigation mechanisms in recognition of the possibility of data error and bias, particularly in
healthcare datasets. This might entail using a variety of datasets to account for any biases
and working with subject experts to guarantee data accuracy.

Generalizability Concerns: The study shall explicitly outline the parameters of its findings,
acknowledging the limitations of generalizability in specific situations. In order to improve
the study's results' relevance and application within the specified context, the population
and settings are transparently document ed.

Ethical Considerations: The assessment plans will comply with existing ethical norms and
receive the required approvals in order to address ethical concerns pertaining to patient
privacy and consent. This entails obtaining informed permission, protecting sensitive
information from prying eyes, and making sure that pertinent data protection laws are
followed.
In conclusion, the identification of potential limits shows a dedication to resolving issues and
upholding the integrity of the study findings, while the scientific justification emphasizes the
adherence to basic research practices.

6. Ethical Justification
Ethical concerns will drive every stage of the study in the discovery of AI's applications in
healthcare, particularly in diagnosis, treatment, and patient care, in accordance with
existing ethical frameworks and principles.

All research shall be carried out strictly in accordance with the ethical norms established by
the appropriate institutional review boards and the criteria defined by recognized regulatory
agencies. All participants including patients and medical professionals—will have thorough
information on the goals of the study, any possible hazards, and their right to freely
participate. All research participants will be contacted to get their informed consent.

Preserving the confidentiality and anonymity of all the data that is gathered will be the top
concern. We shall put policies in place to guarantee the safe processing and preservation of
all data, including private and sensitive information, in accordance with the terms of the
Data Protection Act and any other applicable laws pertaining to data privacy. To protect
participant privacy, all acquired data will be safely disposed of when the research study is
over and its conclusions are shared.

The study makes every effort to uphold the highest ethical standards by making sure that no
volunteer is subjected to coercion. There won't be any pressure or incentive of any kind, and
participation in the study will be completely voluntary.

The research also recognizes the possible social effects of implementing AI to advance
healthcare procedures. This influence encompasses the possibility of heightened diagnostic
precision, increased therapeutic effectiveness, and better patient care. We'll work to make
sure the research stays within ethically set parameters and doesn't have a negative effect on
patient care standards or the healthcare sector.

The project team will establish their appropriateness for performing the study by
showcasing their credentials, pertinent experience, and resumes in accordance with ethical
considerations. In order to guarantee that activities are completed within the allotted time,
a thorough timetable has been prepared. Additionally, stakeholders will be kept fully
informed by being given access to an exhaustive inventory of all the tools and information
required for the project. By ensuring awareness and cooperation among all parties
concerned, this transparency will promote a reliable and moral research environment.
7. The Proposed Research Framework/Methodology

1. Systematic literature review:

A thorough evaluation of the literature served as the primary research methodology for this
study. A thorough and organized analysis of recent academic, clinical, and industrial
literature about the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is part of the
systematic literature search. With an emphasis on patient care, diagnosis, and treatment,
the goal is to compile a thorough knowledge of the state of AI applications in healthcare
today.

2. Identify relevant research.

A methodical strategy was employed to ascertain pertinent research. Creating search
criteria, choosing databases (such as PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and ScienceDirect), and doing
thorough searches of articles, journals, conference papers, and reports were all part of this
process. To make sure that only papers that satisfied the study goals were chosen, inclusion
and exclusion criteria were spelled out precisely.

3. Data extraction and synthesis:

Data migration is the process of taking fundamental data like the AI technology employed,
the health areas covered, the results, the problems, and the trends and removing it from
specific research. After that, we combine the data we've gathered to find recurring themes,
trends, and gaps in the body of literature. The synthesis serves as the foundation for
inferences and suggestions.

4. Quality evaluation:
A quality assessment of the chosen studies will be conducted to guarantee the accuracy of
the data gathered. A few examples of the criteria used to evaluate quality include sample
size, study design, data gathering techniques, and the credibility of information sources.
Studies that satisfy predetermined criteria for quality are given more weight in the synthesis
process.

Justification of the selected research framework:

The reasons for choosing a systematic literature review as the main research structure are
as follows:

1. Comprehensive understanding:
A thorough grasp of the state of artificial intelligence in healthcare today may be obtained
by a systematic examination of the literature. This gives you the opportunity to investigate a
broad variety of studies and obtain understanding of many facets of AI applications, the
difficulties they encounter, and new developments.

2. Comprehensive Information Collection:

The inclusion of diverse sources, including scholarly papers, clinical trials, and industrial
reports, is guaranteed by the methodological approach. This all-encompassing method of
gathering data makes the material more rich and helps provide analyses that are more
accurate.

3. Identify trends and gaps.

Through a methodical evaluation of a substantial body of literature, this methodology aids
in the identification of current trends and gaps in the topic of study. This realization is
crucial for figuring out where the field is at right now and what needs more investigation.

4. Strict selection criteria:

Only pertinent and excellent research were taken into consideration thanks to the use of
precise and stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria. Additionally, this strengthens the
validity and dependability of the findings and deductions drawn from the literature review.

Evaluation Plan

Our assessment approach is to guarantee methodological rigor and the production of

significant insights for the systematic literature review on "AI in Healthcare: Exploring the
use of AI for diagnosis, treatment, and patient care".

1. Thorough Literature Review

Perform a thorough and methodical assessment of the literature on the use of artificial
intelligence in healthcare.
Determine the main ideas, approaches, and gaps in the literature to guide the creation of
the study plan.

2. Strict Methodology:
To ensure a targeted and pertinent evaluation, clearly define the criteria for including and
excluding material.
Make use of established criteria for conducting systematic literature reviews in order to
strengthen the methodological approach.

3. Integration of Results:
Determine reoccurring themes and developing patterns by synthesizing and classifying the
major discoveries from the literature.
Draw attention to the present level of healthcare AI expertise and identify areas that need
more research.

4. Stakeholder Verification
Interact with all relevant parties, such as patients, AI developers, and healthcare
professionals.
Verify the findings of the literature using the opinions of stakeholders to make sure they
apply to actual healthcare situations.

5. Evaluation of Quality:
Assess the quality of the chosen literature sources to make sure the data is accurate and
dependable. Assess the rigor and reliability of the selected studies using established quality
evaluation instruments.

6. Analysis Framework:
Create a systematic methodology to analyze the literature, taking into account variables like
patient experiences, treatment outcomes, AI algorithms, and diagnostic accuracy.
To enable insightful comparisons, make sure the analytical procedure is clear and
consistent.

7. Moral Points to Remember:

Observe moral principles and take them into account when doing a literature review.
Make sure that the authors' rights and privacy are respected during the data extraction and
synthesis of the examined works.

8. Loop of Iterative Feedback:

Create an iterative feedback loop to allow the literature review to be improved over time.
Add input from advisers, stakeholders, and peers to strengthen the survey's validity and
robustness.

8. Research Materials Selection Process

The selection of research materials will follow a rigorous process to ensure the inclusion of
high-quality and relevant literature. The process involves:

Every step of the investigation into AI's effects on healthcare, particularly in terms of
diagnosis, treatment, and patient care, will be guided by a fundamental ethical framework.

During the research, adherence to accepted ethical norms and guidelines will be crucial. To
guarantee adherence to ethical norms and guidelines, all required ethical permissions and
clearances will be obtained from pertinent institutional review boards or regulatory
organizations prior to the start of any data collection or analysis.

Whether participants are patients, healthcare professionals, or other persons participating

in the study process, their rights and well-being will be respected and maintained. All
volunteers will get thorough and lucid information about the processes, goals, and possible
dangers of the research. Obtaining informed permission free from compulsion will be a
crucial requirement in order to take part in the study.

Every participant's privacy and confidentiality in the study would be strictly protected. All
information gathered will be managed in accordance with data protection laws and securely
preserved, especially sensitive or personal information. All information gathered for the
study will be carefully anonymized or deleted when it is over, protecting the participants'
privacy and rights.

The ethical and responsible application of AI in healthcare will also be given top priority in
this study. Every attempt shall be made to reduce the possibility of biases or unforeseen
repercussions resulting from the use of AI in patient care or diagnostic procedures.
Additionally, the research will strive to improve healthcare services in an ethical and
responsible manner without endangering the safety or wellbeing of patients.

Every choice and action made during the research process is guided by ethical concerns
thanks to the ethical justification, which acts as a fundamental compass.

First Screening: This stage is essential for handling the excessive amount of research
material. It is a normal and effective technique to review abstracts and titles in order to
exclude research that aren't relevant. To ensure that pertinent research are effectively
eliminated and irrelevant studies aren't mistakenly omitted, it is crucial to establish precise
and well-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Full-text Review: It is essential to carry out a thorough analysis of the chosen articles' whole
contents. It makes it possible to comprehend the approach, content, and applicability of the
research more thoroughly. By doing this step, it is ensured that the studies that are included
match the precise research requirements. Nonetheless, the procedure must uphold
neutrality to guarantee that the inclusion or deletion of items is not influenced by individual
prejudices.

Assessment of Quality: In order to guarantee the validity and trustworthiness of the results,
it is essential to assess the quality of a chosen number of studies. When evaluating the
quality of the study, using set criteria aids in maintaining impartiality and consistency. By
excluding studies that potentially have poor methodology, this phase helps to guarantee
that the study has a solid basis.

All things considered, the procedure shows a methodical approach to material selection,
covering several important phases. In order to optimize the process's efficacy, it will be
crucial to uphold precise and unambiguous standards for every phase, reduce any subjective
biases, and guarantee uniformity throughout the selection procedure. Documenting the
choices taken at every level can also help make the study technique more transparent and
replicable.
9. References

Alanazi, A. (2023) Clinicians’ Views on Using Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare:

Opportunities, Challenges, and Beyond. Cureus.
Ali, O., Abdelbaki, W., Shrestha, A., Elbasi, E., Alryalat, M.A.A., Dwivedi, Y.K. (2023) A
systematic literature review of artificial intelligence in the healthcare sector:
Benefits, challenges, methodologies, and functionalities. Journal of Innovation &
Knowledge. 8(1), 100333.
Farid, Y. (2023) A Call for Guidelines and Regulatory Body in Adopting Artificial
Intelligence for Plastic Surgeons. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global
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Kitsios, F., Kamariotou, M., Syngelakis, A.I., Talias, M.A. (2023) Recent Advances of
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: A Systematic Literature Review. Applied
Sciences. 13(13), 7479.
Liu, J., Ma, J., Li, J., Huang, M., Sadiq, N., Ai, Y. (2020) Robust Watermarking Algorithm
for Medical Volume Data in Internet of Medical Things. IEEE Access. 8, 93939–
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Benefits, challenges, methodologies, and functionalities. Journal of Innovation &
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Ali, O., Abdelbaki, W., Shrestha, A., Elbasi, E., Alryalat, M.A.A., Dwivedi, Y.K. (2023) A
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Benefits, challenges, methodologies, and functionalities. Journal of Innovation &
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Ali, O., Abdelbaki, W., Shrestha, A., Elbasi, E., Alryalat, M.A.A., Dwivedi, Y.K. (2023) A
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Knowledge. 8(1), 100333.
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%20healthcare&hsa_mt=b&hsa_net=adwords&hsa_ver=3&gclid=Cj0KCQiAjMK
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National Security. Springer Nature.
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10. Schedule
ID Objectives Duration Estimated Estimated Actual Actual Deliverables
start date end date Start End
Date Date
1. Review and analyze 48 8/10/2023 27/10/2023 Reviewed literature review
existing literature
on AI application in
healthcare
1.1 Identify key 8 8/10/2023 11/10/2023 Key subtopics
subtopics in AI
healthcare
1.2 Compile primary 10 12/10/2023 15/10/2023 Primary and seconda
and secondary
keywords
keywords
1.3 Search and collect 10 15/10/2023 19/10/2023 Collecting initial article
initial articles
1.4 Validate collected 10 20/10/2023 23/10/2023 Validate Collected info
article information
1.5 Identify current 10 23/10/2023 27/10/2023 Identify current challenges
challenges and and limitations
limitations of AI in
healthcare settings

2. Screen articles for 45 28/10/2023 09/11/2023 Emphasize findings

relevance
2.1 Apply inclusion and 25 28/10/2023 4/11/2023 Reviews
exclusion criteria.

2.2 Evaluate AI impact 20 5/11/2023 9/11/2023 Identify key research

on medical
diagnoses

3. Read and analyze 50 9/11/2023 19/11/2023 Read and analyze articles

selected articles
3.1 Summarize findings 30 10/11/2023 15/11/2023 Summarize
on
accuracy/efficiency
3.2 Examine AI's role in 20 16/11/2023 19/11/2023 Additional papers are adde
personalized
to the table
treatment plans
4. Analyze 50 20/11/2023 30/11/2023 Analyze information on
information on treatment plans.
treatment plans.

4.1 Identify potential 25 20/11/2023 24/11/2023 Pros and Cons

benefits of AI
4.2 Identify 25 25/11/2023 30/11/2023 Shortlist of most relevant pla
information plans

5. Investigate effects 50 1/12/2023 /12/2023 Investigate effects on patient

on patient care and care
healthcare service
delivery
5.1 Analyze impact on 10 1/12/2023 3/12/2023 Key quantitative informatio
patient care
from research papers
5.2 Evaluate effects on 20 4/12/2023 7/12/2023 Summarize
healthcare delivery
5.3 Address legal, 20 8/12/2023 11/12/2023 The justified and critic
ethical, social, and
judgment of chosen paper
professional issues

6. Ethical evaluation 45 12/12/2023 15/12/2023 Ethical evaluation and final

and final wrap up wrap up
6.3 Final Review and 20 16/12/2023 18/12/2023 Check Grammatical an
Compilation
structural Fixes

6.4 Submission of the 25 19/12/2023 22/12/2023 Review and approved an

Literature Survey
published.
 12. Gantt Chart

ID Objective Duration W W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W 10
1

1. Review and analyze the 48

existing literature on AI
application in healthcare

1.1 Identify key subtopics in 8 8

AI healthcare

1.2 Compile primary and 10 10

secondary keywords

1.3 Search and collect initial 10 5 5

articles

1.4 Validate collected article 10 5 5

information

1.5 Identify current 10 10

challenges and limitations
of AI in healthcare
settings

2. Screen articles for 45

relevance

2.1 Apply inclusion and 25 15 10

exclusion criteria

2.2 Evaluate AI impact on 20 10 10

medical diagnoses

3. Read and analyze 50

selected articles

3.1 Summarize findings on 30 15 15

accuracy/efficiency

3.2 Examine AI's role in 20 10 10

 personalized treatment
plans

4. Analyze information on 50
treatment plans

4.1 Identify potential benefits 25 5 20

of AI

4.2 Identify information plans 25 10 15

5. Investigate effects on 50
patient care and
healthcare service
delivery

5.1 Analyze impact on patient 10 10

care

5.2 Evaluate effects on 20 20

healthcare delivery

5.3 Address legal, ethical, 20 5 15

social, and professional
issues

6 Ethical evaluation and 45

final wrap up

6.1 Final Review and 20 10 10

Compilation

6.2 Submission of the 25 5 20

Literature Survey

Total weekly hours 290 38 40 40 40 40 40 40 10